Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood lymphocytes from 9 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were studied. The results were compared with those of 6 seminoma testis patients and 9 healthy unrelated controls. All patients were in complete and unmaintained remission more than 10 years after termination of radiotherapy. The mean T-lymphocyte count of HD patients was lower than that of controls and seminoma testis patients. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by pokeweed mitogen and phytohaemagglutinin was normal in both patient groups. Concanavalin A-induced DNA synthesis was low in 4 patients with HD although the mean stimulation of the group did not differ from controls or seminoma testis patients. Lymphocyte activation by PPD was slightly decreased in the 2 patient groups. No increase in spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was observed. The responding and stimulatory capacity in mixed lymphocyte culture was decreased in 3 and 2 HD patients respectively. 4 out of the 9 patients with HD but none with seminoma testis displayed severe impairment in T-lymphocyte functions. As 1 of the 4 had been treated solely by surgery, late effects of irradiation can only partly explain the results. The results may favour a hypothesis postulating a constitutional defect contributing to the immunoincompetence in HD.
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PMID:Immunologic profile of patients with cured Hodgkin's disease. 14 26

Although the term thymic hyperplasia is used most commonly to indicate the occurrence of germinal centers in the thymus, cognizance must be taken of the fact that such centers may occur in apparently normal thymuses in both children and adults. A concept of thymic compartmentalization is proposed with origin of germinal centers in the perivascular space (extraparenchymal compartment) of the thymus. These germinal centers contain a high percentage of B lymphocytes in contrast to the true thymic parenchyma. Although the significance of germinal centers in the thymus parenchyma. Although the significance of germinal centers in the thymus in myasthenia gravis remains controversial, removal of nonneoplastic thymus in this condition is of proven therapeutic value. A variety of neoplasms originating in the thymus have previously been lumped together under the single term "thymoma." It is apparent, however, that thymoma, thymic carcinoid, various lymphomas, and germ cell tumors that arise in the thymus differ not only pathologically but also in their clinical behavior. Thymoma is regarded as an epithelial neoplasm and ultrastucturally is characterized by many desmosomes and tonofilaments. The lymphocytes do not behave in a malignant manner, and lymphomas of the thymus should be sharply separated from true thymoma. Poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma and histiocytic lymphoma may be distinguishable only by the electron microscopic demonstration of desmosomes and filaments in the thymic carcinoma. The evidence that Hodgkin's disease of the thymus ("granulomatous thymoma") is not a variant of thymoma appears overwhelming. Lymphoblastic lymphoma of the thymus is a distinctive neoplasm that is especially prevalent in teenage males. High levels of terminal transferase characterize the lymphoblasts and there is a striking tendency for leukemia to occur. Thymic carcinoid is usually nonfunctional, although one-third of the reported cases are associated with Cushing's syndrome. On light microscopy a ribbon pattern and punctate necroses are characteristic of thymic carcinoids. Electron microscopic demonstration of many dense core granules is invaluable in establishing this diagnosis. An important clue to the diagnosis of thymic seminoma (a neoplasm that shows the same radiosensitivity as its testicular counterpart) is the frequent presence of epithelioid and giant cell granulomas and germinal centers. Separation of the various thymic neoplasms described not only is justifiable on pathologic grounds but is often essential for appropriate patient investigation and treatment.
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PMID:Thymic hyperplasia and neoplasia: a review of current concepts. 36 41

Ovarian transposition in adults has been shown to protect ovarian function in about 60% of cases by reducing ovarian exposure to less than 4 to 7 Gy. We therefore evaluated the effect of ovarian transposition during childhood or adolescence. Eighteen girls had ovarian transposition performed at a mean (+/- SEM) age of 9.4 +/- 1.2 years (range, 1.2 to 16 years). Twelve were prepubertal and six had menstruated at the time of ovarian transposition. The initial abnormalities were Hodgkin disease (5 cases), iliac Ewing sarcoma (3), medulloblastoma (2), ovarian seminoma (1), and vaginal or uterine tumor (7). The irradiation was external in 11 cases and local by vaginal curietherapy in 7 cases. Fifteen girls received chemotherapy. The ovarian transposition was bilateral in 15 patients and unilateral in 3 cases; in the latter the other ovary had been destroyed by the tumor or by abdominal irradiation. Ovaries were placed just below the iliac crest (15 cases) or posterolateral to the uterus (3); thus, the calculated ovarian radiation dose was up to 9.5 Gy. At the time of evaluation (8.6 +/- 0.9 years after ovarian transposition), 16 girls had menstruated and 2 remained amenorrheic because of major lesions of the vagina and uterus caused by the vaginal curietherapy. Basal plasma gonadotropin values were normal. Ovulation was documented in seven cases. Two pregnancies occurred. Complications of ovarian transposition were present in four patients: intestinal occlusion, dyspareunia, functional ovarian cysts, and pelvic adhesions with tubal obstruction. We conclude that ovarian transposition, performed before abdominopelvic irradiation during childhood, can preserve ovarian function. Longer follow-up is required to assess the risk of ovarian dystrophy because of vascular lesions or chemotherapy.
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PMID:Preservation of ovarian function by ovarian transposition performed before pelvic irradiation during childhood. 144 49

Cryopreservation of spermatozoa before treatment is the only proven effective method available to circumvent the sterilizing effect of therapy in some patients with malignant diseases. Because of impaired sperm quality after freezing and thawing in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) was indicated in 10 patients (12 cycles) during 1986-1990. The patient's mean age was 33.4 +/- 1.6 years. The following diagnoses were made: seminoma (1), testicular carcinoma (3), leiomyosarcoma of the prostate (1), Wegener's granulomatosis (1), non-Hodgkin's (1) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (3). When motile spermatozoa could be recovered after thawing, the total fraction of motile spermatozoa after swim-up separation ranged from 0.2 to 4.2 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml (eight patients, nine cycles). In all these cases, insemination was performed with multiple oocytes per dish. Fertilization was achieved when swim-up recovered a mean of 1.8 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml and when insemination was performed with at least a calculated concentration of motile spermatozoa of 1 x 10(5) spermatozoa/oocyte. The fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes was 60%. Four patients achieved a pregnancy: two of them delivered a single healthy baby, one delivered triplet healthy babies and one had a preclinical abortion. In two patients (three cycles), no motile spermatozoa were recovered after thawing, and micromanipulation of oocytes for assisted fertilization was performed. Although fertilized oocytes were transferred, those couples did not achieve a pregnancy. Patients with lymphopathies had the best results, whilst those with testicular neoplasms had the poorest outcome, thus suggesting a poor gametogenic function in the non-affected testis. These results give hope to some patients with malignant diseases to maintain their reproductive capacity through sperm banking and IVF/ET.
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PMID:Successful fertilization and pregnancy outcome in in-vitro fertilization using cryopreserved/thawed spermatozoa from patients with malignant diseases. 155 43

The production and detailed immunostaining properties of a new rat monoclonal antibody (ICR.2) to epithelial membrane antigen are reported. The antibody was selected for its ability to compete with the polyclonal antiserum (M7), used in the original immunohistological studies, in order that it might serve as a direct replacement in diagnosing epithelial tumours. Most of the staining reactions on normal tissues were identical to those previously reported with M7 but there were some important differences. They included: positivity of renal and adrenal capsular fibroblasts, perineurium, some myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells, occasional osteoblasts and squamous and thyroid follicular epithelium in the normal state. The intercellular canaliculi of sweat glands and secretory canaliculi of gastric oxyntic cells were clearly demonstrated. These staining reactions could be obtained with M7 when a sensitive detection system was used although the results were usually weak and inconsistent. Nearly all adenosquamous and transitional carcinomas were positive. The remaining tumours fell into three major groups: (1) those which were consistently or nearly consistently negative--melanoma, seminoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, granulocytic sarcoma, paraganglioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease and embryonal carcinoma: (2) those which were either negative or positive with distinctive patterns of staining--basal cell carcinoma, embryonal tumours: and (3) non-epithelial tumours that were consistently positive--epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma and myeloma--or positive in a significant minority of cases--leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, clear cell sarcoma of tendon sheath, various neuroectodermal tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detailed investigation of the diagnostic value in tumour histopathology of ICR.2, a new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen. 169 88

The results of cryopreservation of sperm from cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed in an effort to better understand the relationship between semen quality and the presence of different kinds of cancer. The semen analysis results for 146 patients referred to our infertility center for sperm banking over a 2-year period were examined. These patients were divided into three groups according to their diagnosis: group I, prevasectomy controls; group II, patients with lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease; and group III, patients with testicular cancer, e.g., seminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, or teratocarcinoma. The seminal parameters assessed included sperm count and prefreeze and postthaw motility and velocity. For these parameters, significant decrease from control values (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01) was seen in groups II and III. The specimens from group I patients retained good motility and velocity after thawing. Our results indicate that semen quality is adversely affected by the presence of cancer in the body.
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PMID:The effect of cancer on semen quality after cryopreservation of sperm. 180 8

Monomelic amyotrophy developed 16 months, nine and 12 years after irradiation of the lumbosacral spinal cord for seminoma in one patient and for Hodgkin's disease in two others. In two patients, involvement was clinically limited to one leg, with a subacute course followed by plateau in the first case and with progressive worsening in the second one. In the third patient, the course was progressive with involvement of the other lower limb occurring five years later. From clinical and electrophysiological data, it seems probable that the disease process was a result of a selective injury to the lower motor neuron in the lower spinal cord.
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PMID:Postradiation lower motor neuron syndrome presenting as monomelic amyotrophy. 189 31

The clinical and pathologic features in 18 cases of multilocular thymic cyst (MTC) of the anterior mediastinum unassociated with Hodgkin's disease or seminoma were studied. The majority of cases were asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on routine chest x-ray. Several patients presented with acute symptoms of chest pain or discomfort, sometimes associated with dyspnea. Two cases had an incidental thymoma, and two had an incidental thymic carcinoma. The main histologic features of MTC included the following: multiple cystic cavities partially lined by squamous, columnar, or cuboidal epithelium (some having features of Hassall's corpuscles); scattered nests and islands of non-neoplastic thymic tissue within the cyst walls, often continuous with the cyst lining; severe acute and chronic inflammation accompanied by fibrovascular proliferation, necrosis, hemorrhage, and cholesterol granuloma formation; and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with prominent germinal centers. These features suggest that MTC most likely results from the cystic transformation of medullary duct epithelium-derived structures (including Hassall's corpuscles) induced by an acquired inflammatory process. The changes are similar to those sometimes seen in association with thymic Hodgkin's disease and thymic seminoma, which are also probably due to the inflammation that accompanies these tumors rather than to the tumors themselves. We believe that MTC is pathogenetically analogous to a variety of cystic conditions of the head and neck region, for which the common denominator seems to be the induction of cystic transformation in ductular epithelial formations of branchial pouch or related derivation by an acquired inflammatory process.
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PMID:Multilocular thymic cyst: an acquired reactive process. Study of 18 cases. 172 99

Knowledge of the chronologic evolution of bone-marrow changes during and after radiation therapy is essential in differentiating normal postradiation changes from other marrow abnormalities. The appearance of the lumbar vertebral bone marrow was studied on 55 serial spin-echo and short-T1 inversion-recovery (STIR) MR images obtained in 14 patients receiving radiation therapy for Hodgkin disease, seminoma, or prostate carcinoma. Images were obtained before, at weekly intervals during, and at various monthly intervals up to 14 months after a 3- to 6-week course of fractionated paravertebral lymph-node irradiation of 1500-5000 rad (15-50 Gy). During the first 2 weeks of therapy, there was no definite change in the appearance of the marrow on spin-echo images; however, there was an increase in signal intensity on the STIR images, apparently reflecting early marrow edema and necrosis. Between weeks 3 and 6, the marrow showed an increasingly heterogenous signal and prominence of the signal from central marrow fat, shown best on T1-weighted images. Late marrow patterns (6 weeks to 14 months after therapy) varied and consisted of either homogenous fatty replacement or a band pattern of peripheral intermediate signal intensity, possibly representing hematopoietic marrow surrounding the central marrow fat. No focal marrow lesions or soft-tissue edema were identified during the course of radiation therapy; their presence should raise the possibility of the presence of a pathologic process other than radiation change. These data suggest that MR can detect radiation-induced marrow changes as early as 2 weeks after starting therapy, and that there are at least two distinct types of late marrow MR patterns.
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PMID:Early and late bone-marrow changes after irradiation: MR evaluation. 210 69

Neurological disorders associated with a malignant neoplasm, which is not caused by a direct effect such as metastasis, infiltration or compression, is called carcinomatous neuromyopathy. Subacute cerebellar degeneration recognized in this category is characterized by acutely or subacutely progressive cerebellar ataxia and widespread loss of Purkinje cells. There have been several reports of subacute cerebellar degeneration in lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease, but rare in urogenital malignancies. We present a patient with neurological disorder considered subacute cerebellar degeneration associated with HCG-beta positive seminoma. A 29-year-old man noticed a left intrascrotal mass in the summer of 1984. The mass began to grow in April, 1985 and diplopia, gait disturbance and dysarthria appeared late in May. He consulted our hospital on July 20, 1985. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-beta was elevated to 200 ng/ml but alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were normal. Left high orchiectomy was performed and the tumor was diagnosed histologically as typical seminoma. Bulky metastatic tumor was recognized in retroperitoneum on abdominal CT but brain CT was normal. VAB VI chemotherapy was performed. The retroperitoneal metastatic tumor disappeared and HCG-beta was normalized and complete remission achieved, but cerebellar symptoms still remain 14 months after remission. This case is considered to be subacute cerebellar degeneration associated with seminoma and is the second case with testicular carcinoma reported.
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PMID:[Subacute cerebellar degeneration with HCG-beta positive seminoma of the testis]. 245 60


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