Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed in a 62 year old female at the last stage of an indefined malignant lymphoma. Clinically and histopathologically, some cutaneous aspects were consistent with mycosis fungoides. However, the histological examination of lymph-nodes led to the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, sometimes associated with features of Kaposi's sarcoma. During the past few years, the occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma in the course of cancers, malignant lymphomas and especially during Hodgkin's disease, has been reported. It has been suggested that immunosuppressive therapy undertaken for the initial tumor could account for a viral carcinogenesis. In this respect, the vascular proliferation observed in Kaposi's sarcoma could be compared with the lymphocyte induced angiogenesis, which occurs during the experimental graft versus host reaction. Therefore, Kaposi's sarcoma could be the result of a tumoral rejection. In the case of our observation, it does not seem possible to diagnose an angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy; but it is of interest to note that, in this later disease, histological features of vascular neogenesis have also been reported.
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PMID:[Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphoma. Discussion of this association (author's transl)]. 61 48

The authors report a new case of the association Hodgkin's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma. A woman of North African origin and suffering from mediastinal Hodgkin's disease developed, after the commencement of polychemotherapy with radiotherapy, Kaposi's cutaneous sarcoma, typical, clinically, histologically and by electron microscopy. In the light of this new case, the authors review 41 cases of the Hodgkin-Kaposi association found in the literature and discuss the inter-relations between Kaposi's sarcoma and diseases of the haemoreticular system, in particular carcinomas, immuno-depressive states (notably in association with renal transplants) and virus disorders (essentially herpes). It might be possible to incriminate in the aetiology of Kaposi's disease a carcinogenetic process of viral origin during a state of immuno-depression.
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PMID:[Association of Kaposi's sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease]. 101 98

Interferons produced by recombinant DNA technology began phase I trials little more than a decade ago. Today interferon alfa-2 is a mainstay in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, and has demonstrated benefit in the more common chronic myelogenous leukemia. Interferon alfa-2 also has activity in other hematologic malignancies, including indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, T-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, and in solid tumors such as disseminated melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, endocrine pancreatic tumors, and malignant carcinoid tumors. Interferon alfa, beta, and gamma remain under investigation to define potential roles in ovarian, breast, bladder, and cervical carcinomas and gliomas. The greatest value of the interferons will be in prolonging the disease-free interval when used in combination with other treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and other biologic agents.
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PMID:Current status of interferons in the treatment of cancer. 128 Jan 53

Between 1982 and 1988, 174 brains were systematically collected from consecutive, autopsied AIDS patients in a Parisian general hospital without neurology and psychiatry departments. The data obtained under these conditions provide reliable information on the frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in a non-selected population of AIDS patients, most of whom were homosexuals (75.9%). One or several lesions were observed in 148 cases (85%). HIV encephalitis and/or leucoencephalopathy with multinucleated giant cells was found in 33 cases (18.9%). Opportunistic infections were identified in 91 patients (52.3%): toxoplasmosis (65 cases; 37.3%), cytomegalovirus encephalitis (25 cases; 14.3%), cryptococcosis (9 cases; 5.8%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (5 cases; 2.8%), candidosis (1 case) and tuberculosis (1 case). Neoplasias were observed in 23 patients: primary (16 cases; 17.9%) or secondary malignant non Hodgkin's large B-cell lymphoma (3 cas; 1.1%), Kaposi's sarcoma (1 case) and glioma (3 cases; 1.1%). Non-specific lesions (vasculitic, hemorrhagic, metabolic and especially microglial nodules) were common. During the 6 years of study, the rate of CNS involvement was constant. The number of toxoplasmosis cases per year was stable, however, evolutive forms were more prevalent between 1982 and 1986, whereas treated inactive lesions were seen most frequently thereafter. The opportunistic complications were often associated and it should be noted that HIV encephalitis was associated with one of several such infections in 85% of the patients. This high rate of association suggests that these opportunistic infections may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis.
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PMID:[Neuropathology of the brain in 174 patients who died of AIDS in a Paris hospital 1982-1988]. 131 51

The pattern of malignancies among indigenous Zambian children is described. The study, based upon an analysis of histopathology, autopsy and haematology records for a 10-year period (1980-1989), reveals a total of 525 neoplasms with a peak prevalence in the 5-9 year age group. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (17.5%) was the most common disorder followed by Burkitt's lymphoma (13.9%), retinoblastoma (11.4%), Kaposi's sarcoma (8.8%), Hodgkin's disease (5.9%), Wilms' tumour (5.9%), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (4%), rhabdomyosarcoma (3.4%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2.7%) and osteogenic sarcoma (2.1%). Kaposi's sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease revealed a significant male dominance; the former presented mainly in nodal form. Compared to an earlier report from Zambia (1968-1972), a significant increase in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma was noted in the present series.
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PMID:The pattern of paediatric malignancy in Zambia (1980-1989): a hospital-based histopathological study. 156 Apr 80

We describe the case of a 39-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive man who was noted to have a chest wall mass on physical examination. Fine needle aspiration of the mass showed atypical spindle cells. Excisional biopsy of the mass revealed Hodgkin's lymphoma with areas of lymphocyte depletion consisting of a proliferation of myofibroblastic cells. The myofibroblastic, lymphocyte-depleted areas in the Hodgkin's lymphoma mass corresponded to the spindle cells seen in the aspirate. While the presence of spindle cells in aspirates of masses in HIV-positive patients usually suggests Kaposi's sarcoma, other entities, including lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's lymphoma, should be considered.
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PMID:Aspiration cytology of lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's lymphoma in a man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. A case report. 158 Jan 25

Presentation is made of the ocular complications of AIDS which were observed in the ophthalmologic clinic of the University Hospital in Zurich from 1986 to 1991. Besides cotton-wool spots, CMV-retinitis is the most frequent and best known infectious complication. In all other infections, diagnosis is most difficult, because it could never be supported by histological examination. Presentation is made of some cases of acute retinal necrosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, candida, and of some cases of uveitis with unknown etiology. Furthermore we present one intraocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma, some suspicions of Kaposi's sarcoma and some neurologic disturbances of central origin.
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PMID:[Ocular complications of AIDS. Diagnostic problems]. 161 55

30 patients infected with HIV (20 men, 10 women; mean age 34 [26-54] years), suspected of having Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) pneumonia, had undergone bronchoalveolar lavage which proved negative for Pc. They were then kept under observation for 5 months. No transbronchial biopsy was performed. 27 patients were in stage IV of the HIV infection, and 14 had been on pentamidine prophylaxis. The most frequent diagnosis with the bronchial lavage was bacterial infection (19 patients), next most frequent was mycobacterial infection (6, atypical in 5). A neoplasia (Kaposi sarcoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma) was found in two, with pulmonary involvement. The diagnosis remained unclear in only three patients who were treated as for Pc pneumonia. The remaining 27 patients did not receive any treatment against Pc. Nonetheless, there were no cases of Pc pneumonia in the 5 months of observation so that bronchoalveolar lavage has a negative predictive value of 90% (27 of 30), high enough to make additional bronchial biopsy unnecessary.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and course of patients with HIV infections and exclusion of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 161 18

Duration of the AIDS-free period after HIV-infection and survival time vary to a wide extent. About 50 percent of the patients develop AIDS within 10 years. The most important prognostic factor is the CD4-lymphocyte count. The risk of AIDS increases significantly after CD4-lymphocyte counts drop below 400/microliters. Another prognostic factor is age. In older patients disease progresses more rapidly. AIDS often is preceded by an AIDS-Related-Complex characterized for example by Oral Candidiasis, Hairy Leukoplakia or Zoster of more than one dermatome. AIDS mostly develops 1/2 to 1 year after AIDS-Related-Complex. After AIDS is diagnosed the median survival time is not longer than 1 1/2 years. Single patients live much longer. Prognosis is influenced by the disease defining AIDS. Kaposi's Sarcoma often occurs early in the course of immunodeficiency and median survival is longer than after other opportunistic diseases. Survival also is longer after Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia since it is well treatable. A very short survival has been noticed after Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma. During the last few years survival after HIV-infection and AIDS has been prolonged a little by sufficient prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia which is the most frequent opportunistic disease, by antiretroviral treatment with Zidovudine and by increase of knowledge which makes early diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic diseases possible.
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PMID:[Survival in HIV infection and AIDS]. 162 24

The pulmonary lesions were studied in 24 autopsy cases of Japanese patients with AIDS. The major pathological findings were opportunistic infections, which were the major clinical symptoms in some patients. The pathogens identified were as follows; Pneumocystis carinii (PC) in 10, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 14, atypical mycobacterium in 5, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and nocardia in 1. PC pneumonia was prominent in 8 cases and was the cause of death. In such patients, the lung were heavy and appeared parenchymatous. Histological examination revealed numerous protozoa in the foamy material in the alveolar spaces, associated with swelling of the alveolar lining cells and edematous thickening of the alveolar septa. In some cases, only hyaline membrane formation was prominent without foamy material in the alveolar spaces. Immunostaining with anti-PC monoclonal antibody or in-situ hybridization with oligopeptide demonstrated pathogens in the hyaline membranes. Many cases with PC pneumonia had concomitant opportunistic infections such as CMV, Herpes simplex virus, and atypical mycobacterium. Extrapulmonary infection of PC was seen in only one case. CMV infection was found in 14 cases; 7 had innumerable inclusion bodies, and in some cases the lesions were most prominent around the bronchioles. Of the 5 cases of atypical mycobacterial infection, 2 were caused by M. kansaii (MK) and 3 by M. avium intracellulare (MAI). Both lesions of MK infection showed necrosis and cavitation. One of three cases of MAI infection showed cavitation. Around the cavitary lesions, numerous cytomegalic inclusion bodies were identified in the mesenchymal cells, which may have been the cause of necrosis and cavitation of the lesions. MAI infection was systemic and pronounced in the lymph nodes, spleen, and intestinal mucosa. Neoplastic lesions comprised 2 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and 4 of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in other organs. Lung involvement was seen in only one case of Kaposi's sarcoma although very small in size. The lesion was situated along the pulmonary vein and appeared hemorrhagic macroscopically. Pulmonary lesions in AIDS are complicated, and many of opportunistic pathogens were identified in single patients.
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PMID:[Pulmonary lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--analysis of 24 Japanese autopsy cases with AIDS]. 163 37


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