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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 13 cancers that tend to occur at lower rates in aboriginal Americans or in the native lands of Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish-speaking persons than in United States whites, rates for all but one (laryngeal) have increased in migrants to the United States. In addition to leukemia, these 13 cancers include neoplasms that have been related, at least in part, to a diet high in animal fats or proteins (colon and rectum cancer); reproductive and endocrinologic factors and a diet high in animal fats or protein (prostate, ovary, corpus uteri, breast, and testis cancer); chemical carcinogens (lung, larynx, bladder, and pancreas cancer); and a common infectious agent that, like polio viruses, causes clinically overt disease with a frequency directly related to age of patient at initial infection (Hodgkin's disease). Of 9 cancers that occur at higher rates in aboriginal Americans or in one or more of the native lands of migrants than in United States whites, the rates of 5 tend to decrease in migrants. These include cancers that may be related to food preservation (stomach cancer); products of microorganisms that may contaminate foods (esophagus and liver cancer); and infectious agents (nasopharynx, cervix uteri, and liver cancer). In addition, rates of cancer of the thyroid are high in aboriginal Americans; those of the gallbladder are high in individuals of native American ancestry and in Japanese; incidence of salivary gland tumors is high in Alaskan natives and Colombians; and rates of kidney cancer are high in Alaskan natives. Five types of epidemiologic studies are described that should be conducted in the migrants and in their countries of origin and adoption to elucidate further the etiology of various neoplasms.
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PMID:Epidemiologic studies of cancer in minority groups in the western United States. 53 17

Many features of Hodgkin's disease (HD) among adolescents and young adults suggest that it has an infectious etiology. However, the proposal that HD is a contagious disease which can be transmitted by patients or their close contacts has not been substantiated. An alternative infectious disease model is suggested by analogy with paralytic poliomyelitis (PP). For both diseases, the peak age of incidence is delayed as living conditions improve. For both, increased risk is associated with higher social class and small family size. Like PP, HD may be a rare manifestation of a common infection with the probability of disease development increasing as age at infection is delayed. This analogy is supported by the report that the risk of HD is higher for persons who had a low frequency of childhood infectious diseases. If this model is valid, HD patients represent no hazard to their contacts. However, the incidence of HD among young adults may increase in the coming decade because of the current high standard of living and small family size.
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PMID:Epidemiology of hodgkin's disease in the young. 86 41

Tonsils are lymphatic organs carrying out functions of humoral and cellular immunity. They form a local immunologic barrier; they are also involved in general immunologic defence mechanisms. Tonsillectomy or the destruction of tonsils by infections does not reduce the immunoglobulin concentration and antibody titres in peripheral blood. Only the local formation of IgA antibodies against poliomyelitis antigen seems to be impaired at least for a short time. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown. Signs of defects in immunosurveillance, which were found in some study groups resulting from an increase of the morbidity rates of Hodgkin's disease and thyroid carcinoma, must be considered seriously although there is no statistic evidence for an increase of tumor frequency after tonsillectomy. The indication for tonsillectomy must be decided on clinical findings. Signs for a reduction of local antibody synthesis or for a possible diminuation of immunosurveillance should serve to critical indication.
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PMID:[Tonsils and immunology (author's transl)]. 110 43

Over the period 1972-1985, 2729 cases of Hodgkin's disease were diagnosed in Los Angeles County, and 2492 were subclassified using the Rye classification. The occurrence of these cases was examined in relation to age, sex, race, place of birth, social class, occupation, and year of diagnosis. The pattern of nodular sclerosis occurrence conformed to expectations, supporting the polio model of etiology for this subtype. However, the risk pattern of mixed cell disease was quite distinct from that of nodular sclerosis, suggesting that the two may not share a common etiology. The pattern of lymphocyte predominance in Hodgkin's disease, with a special prominence in younger blacks, resembled neither that of nodular sclerosis nor that of mixed cell disease. The cases of lymphocyte-depletion Hodgkin's disease showed no distinctive epidemiological features, and its continued classification with nodular sclerosis and/or mixed cellularity can be justified solely by histological or biological evidence.
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PMID:Risk patterns of Hodgkin's disease in Los Angeles vary by cell type. 130 25

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
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PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28

Hodgkin's disease displays an intriguing variation in incidence with age. For adult disease, there is striking bimodality in incidence with peaks in young adulthood and in older adulthood. On epidemiologic grounds, there appear to be three different diseases: childhood (0-14 years), young adult (15-34 years), and older adult Hodgkin's disease (55+ years). There are marked geographic variations in Hodgkin's disease incidence, but the variations are different for the three age groups. There are also interesting associations between Hodgkin's disease and markers of social class. For the young adult disease, the higher the socioeconomic status of a person, the greater the Hodgkin's disease risk. Additionally, Hodgkin's disease patients appear to have had fewer of the childhood infectious diseases or to have had these diseases at older ages than controls. These factors suggest an analogy between young adult Hodgkin's disease and Epstein-Barr virus, poliomyelitis, and tuberculosis infections. Thus, the descriptive epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease suggests an infectious disease process underlying its etiology in young adulthood and perhaps in childhood. There is a curious relationship between Hodgkin's disease and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Persons with Epstein-Barr virus infection have an increased risk of developing Hodgkin's disease, and the Epstein-Barr virus infection precedes the development of Hodgkin's disease. The virus has never been isolated from or identified in Hodgkin's disease tissue. The mechanisms underlying this association are unknown and may provide important clues to the etiology of Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas. It is likely that there is no direct person-to-person spread of Hodgkin's disease. This is suggested by several negative studies of linkages between cases, time-space clustering, and aggregation of exposures at schools. Studies have shown that neither physicians nor nurses, groups with greater likelihood of encountering Hodgkin's disease patients than the general public, have an increased risk. There appears to be familial aggregation of Hodgkin's disease. Siblings of young adult cases are at increased risk, whereas siblings of older adult cases have no increase in risk. Among sibling pairs with Hodgkin's disease, there is a marked excess of like-sex pairs. Like-sex siblings have almost twice the risk of discordant-sex siblings, suggesting an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Thus, it would be of interest to known the risk to spouses of cases who share environments but who do not share genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. 609 22

The epidemiologic similarities between Hodgkin's disease in the young and paralytic poliomyelitis suggest that Hodgkin's disease may be a rare consequence of a common infection, with the probability of oncogenesis increasing with age at the time of infection. In a study of 225 cases and 447 controls 15 to 39 years of age, we investigated the association of Hodgkin's disease with factors in childhood that influence age of exposure to infectious agents. Risk among persons with five or more siblings was nearly half that among those with one or none; risk was also reduced among persons of late birth order. Subjects who had lived in multiple-family homes had half the risk of those in single-family housing. Cases had fewer playmates and better-educated mothers than did controls, and cases had twice the rate of infectious mononucleosis. Risk is therefore associated with a set of factors that tend to decrease or delay early exposure to infections, and this association might be explained by a viral origin of the disease, with age at infection as a major modifier of risk.
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PMID:Childhood social environment and Hodgkin's disease. 625 29

In 1970 the epidemiologic similarities between Hodgkin's disease and multiple sclerosis were first described, suggesting that a common agent or agents might be involved in their etiology. The hypothesis proposed at that time was that the agents followed the paralytic polio model: widespread infection with an agent of low pathogenicity at an early age, resulting in acquired immunity in later life. Lack of early infection results in the disease appearing in adulthood, with severe repercussions. This article extends the paralytic polio model to include testicular carcinoma, since the epidemiologic similarities between it and Hodgkin's disease are striking. Specifically, the authors compare age at clinical onset, histologic type, time trends, race, socioeconomic status, geographic variation, occupation, and familial aggregation. It is suggested that the possibility of common etiologies involved in the pathogenesis of these two cancers be tested further by epidemiologic, clinical, or laboratory studies.
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PMID:Epidemiologic comparison of cancer of the testis and Hodgkin's disease among young males. 646 39

Paralytic disease was observed in a 68-year-old man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma following administration of oral live poliomyelitis vaccine. The vaccine had been administered during a vaccination campaign just before the patient underwent chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide. The dangers intrinsic in vaccination campaigns, i.e. of failure to individualize risks and benefit of the vaccination, are discussed.
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PMID:[Vaccine poliomyelitis in an adult undergoing chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. 707 64

The incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, as determined from the Pittsburgh Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry, was examined in relationship to social class. The registry consists of all Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, cases of insulin dependent diabetes diagnosed under age 20 years in 1965-1976. Analyses of the registry data revealed little relationship between incidence, age at onset and social class. The lack of a strong relationship to social class indicates that the epidemiology of insulin dependent diabetes is not similar to those of polio or Hodgkin's disease, in which social class is strongly related to incidence and age at onset.
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PMID:The Pittsburgh Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry: the relationship of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus incidence to social class. 730 73


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