Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acyclovir has become the drug of choice for prevention of visceral dissemination of Varicella-zoster virus infections in immunocompromised individuals. This article describes a 6-year-old girl taking cytotoxic therapy and radiotherapy for treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma who developed cutaneous varicella infection. Despite the early administration of acyclovir a fatal varicella pneumonia occurred and she died on the 4th day of hospitalization. Since the resistance is inducible, the increase of unresponsiveness to acyclovir in immunocompromised hosts with varicella infection is a potential risk that can cause to increase in fatalities in these patients.
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PMID:[Fatal varicella pneumonia unresponsive to acyclovir therapy in a child with a malignancy]. 152 47

30 patients infected with HIV (20 men, 10 women; mean age 34 [26-54] years), suspected of having Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) pneumonia, had undergone bronchoalveolar lavage which proved negative for Pc. They were then kept under observation for 5 months. No transbronchial biopsy was performed. 27 patients were in stage IV of the HIV infection, and 14 had been on pentamidine prophylaxis. The most frequent diagnosis with the bronchial lavage was bacterial infection (19 patients), next most frequent was mycobacterial infection (6, atypical in 5). A neoplasia (Kaposi sarcoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma) was found in two, with pulmonary involvement. The diagnosis remained unclear in only three patients who were treated as for Pc pneumonia. The remaining 27 patients did not receive any treatment against Pc. Nonetheless, there were no cases of Pc pneumonia in the 5 months of observation so that bronchoalveolar lavage has a negative predictive value of 90% (27 of 30), high enough to make additional bronchial biopsy unnecessary.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and course of patients with HIV infections and exclusion of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 161 18

The pulmonary lesions were studied in 24 autopsy cases of Japanese patients with AIDS. The major pathological findings were opportunistic infections, which were the major clinical symptoms in some patients. The pathogens identified were as follows; Pneumocystis carinii (PC) in 10, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 14, atypical mycobacterium in 5, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and nocardia in 1. PC pneumonia was prominent in 8 cases and was the cause of death. In such patients, the lung were heavy and appeared parenchymatous. Histological examination revealed numerous protozoa in the foamy material in the alveolar spaces, associated with swelling of the alveolar lining cells and edematous thickening of the alveolar septa. In some cases, only hyaline membrane formation was prominent without foamy material in the alveolar spaces. Immunostaining with anti-PC monoclonal antibody or in-situ hybridization with oligopeptide demonstrated pathogens in the hyaline membranes. Many cases with PC pneumonia had concomitant opportunistic infections such as CMV, Herpes simplex virus, and atypical mycobacterium. Extrapulmonary infection of PC was seen in only one case. CMV infection was found in 14 cases; 7 had innumerable inclusion bodies, and in some cases the lesions were most prominent around the bronchioles. Of the 5 cases of atypical mycobacterial infection, 2 were caused by M. kansaii (MK) and 3 by M. avium intracellulare (MAI). Both lesions of MK infection showed necrosis and cavitation. One of three cases of MAI infection showed cavitation. Around the cavitary lesions, numerous cytomegalic inclusion bodies were identified in the mesenchymal cells, which may have been the cause of necrosis and cavitation of the lesions. MAI infection was systemic and pronounced in the lymph nodes, spleen, and intestinal mucosa. Neoplastic lesions comprised 2 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and 4 of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in other organs. Lung involvement was seen in only one case of Kaposi's sarcoma although very small in size. The lesion was situated along the pulmonary vein and appeared hemorrhagic macroscopically. Pulmonary lesions in AIDS are complicated, and many of opportunistic pathogens were identified in single patients.
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PMID:[Pulmonary lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--analysis of 24 Japanese autopsy cases with AIDS]. 163 37

A 52 year old male presenting chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph) four years after the diagnosis of a non Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. The patient had received high total doses of alkylating drugs (cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil) as part of chemotherapy treatment for a diffuse mixed lymphoma. At four years of diagnosis of the lymphoma the appearance of hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis with myeloma and basophilia and thrombocytosis were observed. These alterations augmented progressively until a cytogenetic study of the bone marrow two years late established the diagnosis of CML upon demonstrating the presence of the Ph chromosome with no other karyotypic anomalies being observed. The explorations carried out at that time confirmed that the lymphoma continued to be in remission. The CML initially responded to treatment with busulphan. However, following a year and a half the disease evolved to a phase of acceleration and the patient died a few weeks later due to pneumonia with no signs indicative of lymphoma activity having been detected since the diagnosis of the CML.
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PMID:[Chronic myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 163 10

A 59-year-old Japanese woman with Hodgkin's disease developed progressive dementia and died of pneumonia. The autopsy revealed necrotizing ventriculo-encephalitis caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations. It is suggested that CMV ventriculo-encephalitis could occur not only in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but also in other immunocompromised hosts.
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PMID:An autopsy case of necrotizing ventriculo-encephalitis caused by cytomegalovirus in Hodgkin's disease. 165 May 18

Four out of eleven patients--none of them HIV positive--who received treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma by the MACOP-B protocol between June 1989 and February 1990 were taken ill during or shortly after the conclusion of the course with fulminant pneumonia necessitating artificial ventilation. In three cases Pneumocystis carinii was identified as the pathogen, and in one patient the diagnosis of pneumocystosis seemed probable. The mean cumulative doses given before the outbreak of pneumonia were as follows: cyclophosphamide 2753 +/- 1161 mg, methotrexate 1590 +/- 667 mg, bleomycin 36 +/- 16.8 mg and prednisone 4378 +/- 1734 mg. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 10.7 +/- 0.5 g/dl, leucocyte count 5250 +/- 2100/microliters, lymphocyte count 1300 +/- 300/microliters and lactate dehydrogenase 227 +/- 34 U/l. The cumulative doses and laboratory findings in the seven patients not affected by pneumocytosis were not significantly different. The patients with pneumonia were supported by mechanical ventilation for 6-26 days and treated with large doses of corticosteroids and co-trimoxazole. One patient died after 17 days' ventilation. Three patients were successfully weaned from the ventilator. Chemotherapy protocols such as MACOP-B predispose to acute Pneumocystis pneumonia. The risk of infection is independent of the cumulative doses of the drugs employed. For this reason, prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole is normally mandatory.
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PMID:[Acute pneumocystosis during polychemotherapy following the MACOP-B protocol]. 169 17

Up to June 1991 a total of 6,604 AIDS cases were reported to the central AIDS-registry at the Federal Health Office. As typical for "pattern I" countries most of the AIDS-cases are homo/bisexual men (70%), followed by i.v. drug users (IDU, 13%). However, the proportion of homo/bisexual men is constantly decreasing since 1986 while the proportion of IDU's is increasing. As also observed in other industrialized countries a flattening off in the AIDS incidence curve is seen since 1989. Probable reasons for this observation are a decrease of new infections since 1984/85 (due to early saturation of the populations at highest risk and to the early onset of prevention campaigns in these populations) and improved therapeutic strategies in the prevention of AIDS indicating diseases. However, since about 60,000 people are estimated to be HIV infected in the FRG today AIDS incidence will remain on a stable level for the next years regardless the number of new infections occurring today. Since 1988 major changes in the distribution of AIDS indicating diseases are seen. While Kaposi's sarcoma is constantly decreasing non Hodgkin lymphomas, HIV encephalopathy and wasting syndrome are increasing. Due to the effective primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) by pentamidine the proportion of PCP as AIDS-indicating opportunistic infection decreased from more than 60% in 1988 to 41% in 1991. The second most frequent opportunistic infection is now toxoplasmosis (19%). The changes in the distribution of AIDS-indicating diseases and the increasing proportion of IDU's have major implications on patient care as well as diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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PMID:[The epidemiology and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--status and trends]. 172 53

We report preliminary results of treatment of Hodgkin disease according to the National Protocol on Antineoplastic Drugs. 37 males and 22 females with a median age of 34 years (range 16 to 76) were treated. Patients with stages I or II received radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy (C-MOPP) followed by radiotherapy. Patients with stages III or IV received radiotherapy and chemotherapy or alternating courses of C-MOPP and ABVD. Complete remission was observed in 74% of 39 patients completing full therapy. Complete remission was more common in patients with nodular sclerosis without B symptoms and under 45 years of age. Actuarial survival at 22 months was 79%, significantly higher for patients with nodular sclerosis compared to patients with lymphocytic depletion. Different treatments in patients at stages I and II or III and IV gave comparable results. Complications included infection with the Chickenpox-Zoster virus, pneumonia and fever of unknown origin. Mortality was associated to older age, complications of treatment or failure to comply with therapy.
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PMID:[Treatment of Hodgkin's disease. National Protocol of Antineoplastic Drugs: preliminary report]. 172

A prospective phase II study was performed to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of continuous infusion ifosfamide plus etoposide combination in elderly patients (older than 70 years) with intermediate or high grade non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chemotherapy was administered with mesna in order to avoid hemorrhagic cystitis. The 21 patients included were either unable to receive the usual front-line chemotherapy given in our institution or relapsing after or not responding to conventional chemotherapy. Only one out of 97 courses of chemotherapy was followed by serious complication consisting in non-lethal pneumonitis. Four out of seven previously untreated patients and five patients treated in first relapse achieved complete response (75 per cent). Out of nine refractory or previously multi-treated patients, only one achieved complete response. We conclude that combination of continuous infusion ifosfamide plus etoposide deserves to be evaluated on a larger scale so that the optimum doses and schedule may be defined.
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PMID:Ifosfamide continuous infusion plus etoposide in the treatment of elderly patients with aggressive lymphoma: a phase II study. 174 25

The authors retrospectively reviewed computed tomographic (CT) scans of 18 patients who developed 21 episodes of intrathoracic complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Pathologic and/or microbiologic diagnoses were available for all patients. All patients were immunocompromised due to either graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), neutropenia, or recurrent malignancy after BMT. CT demonstrated diagnostically relevant findings that were not apparent at radiography in 12 of the 21 cases (57%). These included a ground-glass pattern in early pneumonia (n = 5); a peripheral distribution in GVHD, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, and eosinophilic drug reaction (n = 4); cavitating lesions in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (n = 1); hemorrhagic infarcts in aspergillosis (n = 1); and mediastinal adenopathy in recurrent Hodgkin disease (n = 1). The authors conclude that chest CT is superior to radiography in demonstrating the presence, distribution, and extent of intrathoracic complications developing in patients after allogeneic BMT. CT is useful in guiding procedures for tissue diagnosis.
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PMID:Intrathoracic complications following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: CT findings. 188 25


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