Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-five human neoplasms from various sites and of various histologic types and stages were examined with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in situ. The tumors included 13 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (lymph nodes), eight Hodgkin lymphomas, six non-Hodgkin lymphomas, four carcinomas of the breast, one melanoma, one sarcoma, one neuroblastoma, and one mucoepidermoid sarcoma of the salivary glands. Thirty-four of the neoplasms had normal to slightly alkaline pH before irradiation. During fractionated radiation therapy, the pH stayed in a range of from near neutral to alkaline and rose to 7.6-8.0 at several time points of radiation therapy for some tumors. These results suggest that most tumor cells in human neoplasms are well oxygenated and that only a negligible fraction are chronic hypoxic cells. The fluctuating alkaline pH during radiation therapy occurred regardless of the responsiveness of the treated tumors.
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PMID:Human neoplasm pH and response to radiation therapy: P-31 MR spectroscopy studies in situ. 261 Jul 57

Modern multidisciplinary treatment of childhood cancer has made extent of disease evaluation important for proper treatment planning. Accurate staging is essential to cooperative group studies and for comparing treatment modalities at different centers. Operative staging plays an important role where clinical or imaging methods are limited, as in abdominal Hodgkin's disease or regional nodal metastasis. Operative staging is carried out either as a special diagnostic procedure, as in lymphoma, or as part of a planned surgical resection of a solid tumor. For lymphomas: Operative staging of abdominal Hodgkin's disease is required where protocols include involved field irradiation and sparing of normal growing tissue in the child. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, bulky abdominal tumor may be surgically evaluated after intensive chemotherapy either in delayed primary surgery or in second look procedures. Residual tumor may be excised or tagged with clips for localized irradiation to the tumor sparing normal abdominal organs. For solid tumors: During surgical resection of neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma, the correct procedure involves regional staging either by formal node dissections or by multiple biopsies to determine extent of spread. Regional node dissections are often part of a correct cancer operation for cure, but also give staging information unobtainable by other methods. The surgeon must plan every procedure carefully with the aim of curing the patient and also deriving maximum information from the operation to enable correct planning of further treatment.
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PMID:The objectives and importance of operative staging of children with cancer. 301 92

The olfactory neuroblastoma or esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare neuroectodermal tumor originating from the olfactory neuroepithelium, which can metastasis via cerebrospinal fluid pathways. In the present case of an extensive nasal malignancy with cervical lymph node metastases in a 75-year old woman, its difficult histology alternatively led to a diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient died from complications following spread of the tumor to the spinal cord and cauda equina. Review of the literature shows that this tumor is notorious for its chameleonic character. In view of its clearly demonstrated malignancy an aggressive therapeutic approach is advocated.
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PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma with spinal metastasis--a problem in diagnosis. 302 77

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy has been employed to establish morphologic diagnoses in abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors in 54 infants and children. A 0.4-0.7-mm gauge needle was used; the puncture was performed through the anterior abdominal wall in the abdominal tumors and by the lateral approach in the retroperitoneal tumors. Malignant tumors were discovered in 51 cases (94.4%). The nature of the lesion was recognized in 96.2%, and correct cell typing was achieved in 90.2%. The most frequent lesion was non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, followed by neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, and individual cases of other epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Using parallel bone marrow examination, half of the neuroblastoma cases and five of 28 lymphoma cases showed bone marrow involvement. We observed no complications caused by the fine-needle aspiration technique. Due to the safety and efficacy of this technique, it can often be used instead of explorative laparatomy.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors in infants and children. 303 51

Melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is commonly administered orally to treat a wide variety of malignancies, including cancers of the breast and ovary, as well as multiple myeloma. Although commercially available in Europe and Canada, intravenous (IV) melphalan remains investigational in the United States. The role of IV melphalan in cancer chemotherapy is not well defined, despite its manageable toxicity and higher and more predictable blood levels following IV administration compared with oral administration. In addition, unlike oral melphalan, an extensive phase I evaluation of IV melphalan has not been undertaken. At lower doses (eg, 30 to 70 mg/m2), both as a single agent and in combination, the activity of IV melphalan has been evaluated in only a limited number of diseases. However, striking activity has been observed in previously untreated patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, a disease not generally considered responsive to alkylating agents. When administered at high doses (greater than 140 mg/m2) requiring bone marrow reinfusion, melphalan effects a high response rate (but no improvement in survival) in a variety of nonhematologic tumor types, including resistant tumors such as melanoma and colon carcinoma. In contrast, in poor-prognosis patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or neuroblastoma, high-dose melphalan-containing regimens have yielded both high response rates and improved survival, despite considerable toxicity. Additional clinical trials will be necessary to define the spectrum of activity of lower doses of IV melphalan and to define subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from high-dose melphalan.
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PMID:The systemic administration of intravenous melphalan. 305 5

Autologous bone marrow transplantation is a procedure that allows for the delivery of high doses of chemotherapy and radiation to treat pediatric malignancies. There have been many studies showing a dose-response curve for many of the drugs that have been used for cytoreductive therapy in autologous bone marrow transplantation. These dosage ranges are achievable in many of the preparative regimens used in autologous bone marrow transplantation. The results in neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osseous sarcoma, other soft tissue sarcomas, and acute leukemias (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia) are reviewed. The question of purging of bone marrow during autologous bone marrow transplantation is addressed. The different techniques of purging are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Finally, new areas of treatment and future directions of autologous bone marrow transplantation are addressed.
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PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplantation in children. 306 35

Fifty-seven patients with advanced malignant tumours were treated with ifosfamide (Holoxan) and mesna (Uromitexan) in our department from November 1979 to December 1984. This series comprised eight cases of soft tissue sarcoma, nine cases of ovarian carcinoma, five cases of non-seminomatous testicular tumour, 11 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma, three cases of renal carcinoma, seven cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, two cases of skeletal fibrosarcoma, two cases of breast carcinoma, one case each of Ewing's tumour, prostatic carcinoma, seminoma, plasma cell tumour, multiple myeloma, malignant teratoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Wilms's tumour, neuroblastoma and mycosis fungoides. Out of these 57 cases, 53 were evaluable. There were five complete remissions and 20 partial remissions, corresponding to a total response rate of 47%. The overall median survival time (MST) of the 53 evaluable patients was 7.5 months. The responders had a longer survival time (MST 10 months) than the non-responders (MST 4.75 months) (p greater than 0.05). Analysis of the results according to sex, age, dosage of ifosfamide and degree of histological differentiation of the tumour cells failed to show any influence of these factors on the therapeutic results. The response rate to ifosfamide found in this study might be related to the histological origin of the tumours and to whether the primary tumours had been resected. The non-seminomatous testicular tumours, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and ovarian carcinomas showed a high response rate. The response rate was higher in the group in which the primary tumour had been resected (61%) than in the non-resected group (12%) (except the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). The side-effects of this regimen were moderate. Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, myelodepression, dizziness, and alopecia were common. Cystitis could be prevented nearly completely by concomitant administration of mesna, when given correctly, for preventing side-effects of ifosfamide on the urinary system (haemorrhagic cystitis, etc.).
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PMID:Treatment of advanced malignancies with ifosfamide under protection with mesna. 313 Mar 16

The medical records of 973 previously untreated patients diagnosed between January 1960 and December 31, 1978 with childhood cancer were reviewed. Siblings in 13 families were diagnosed with cancer 9/12 to 15 years after the diagnosis of cancer in the index sibling. Previously unreported association of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma with malignant hemangiopericytoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with malignant melanoma, Wilms' tumor with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease with malignant teratoma of the testis and craniopharyngioma with acute myeloblastic leukemia were identified. Two families appeared to transmit a predisposition to childhood tumors. The data from these families extend previous observations regarding multiple cases of cancer in sibships.
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PMID:Childhood cancer in siblings. 315 35

A patient undergoing treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease developed graft versus host disease (GVHD) following a transfusion of packed red cells. This is the 28th reported patient with a malignancy who did not have a bone marrow transplant and developed GVHD after transfusion of normal blood or blood products. All patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy prior to acquiring GVHD. The underlying malignancies included lymphoma, acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastoma. Twenty-three of the 28 patients died of GVHD. The incidence of transfusion-related GVHD in this patient population is low but the illness is often fatal as treatment is largely ineffective. Transfusion-related GVHD can be prevented by irradiating all blood products with 1500 rad prior to administration.
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PMID:Graft versus host disease following transfusion of normal blood products to patients with malignancies. 331 50

Trends in the incidence of childhood cancer in Connecticut are reported and analyzed for the period 1935-1979 by 5-year age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19 years), using a log linear model method. A threefold increase (P less than .001) in the incidence of ALL in males 0-4 years of age was observed, with significant increases of smaller magnitude seen in males aged 5-9 and 15-19 and females aged 0-4 and 5-9. The incidence of central nervous system cancers also increased in several age groups for both sexes with the largest increase seen in males 0-4 years old. Significant increases in incidence of large magnitude were also observed for Hodgkin's disease, in males aged 15-19 years and females aged 10-19 years, for neuroblastoma in both sexes at ages 0-4 years, and for testis and ovarian cancer at ages 15-19 years. This study of trends in incidence of childhood cancers by 5-year age groups has revealed significant changes, which would not have been as apparent if broader age groups had been used. These results provide relevant data for investigating the etiology of cancer during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Trends in Connecticut are compared with findings from other registries in the United States and other countries.
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PMID:Trends in the incidence of childhood and adolescent cancer in Connecticut, 1935-1979. 335 39


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