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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study of cancer in offspring we demonstrate that factors linked to horticulture and use of pesticides are associated with cancer at an early age, whereas factors in animal husbandry, in particular poultry farming, are associated with cancers in later childhood and young adulthood. Incident cancer was investigated in offspring born in 1952-1991 to parents identified as farm holders in agricultural censuses in Norway in 1969-1989. In the follow-up of 323,292 offspring for 5.7 million person-years, 1,275 incident cancers were identified in the Cancer Registry for 1965-1991. The standardized incidence for all cancers was equal to the total rural population of Norway, but cohort subjects had an excess incidence of nervous-system tumours and testicular cancers in certain regions and strata of time that could imply that specific risk factors were of importance. Classification of exposure indicators was based on information given at the agricultural censuses. Risk factors were found for brain tumours, in particular non-astrocytic neuroepithelial tumours: for all ages, pig farming tripled the risk [rate ratio (RR), 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.89-5.13]; indicators of pesticide use had an independent effect of the same magnitude in a dose-response fashion, strongest in children aged 0 to 14 years (RR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.63-6.94). Horticulture and pesticide indicators were associated with all cancers at ages 0 to 4 years, Wilms' tumour, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, eye cancer and neuroblastoma. Chicken farming was associated with some common cancers of adolescence, and was strongest for osteosarcoma and mixed cellular type of Hodgkin's disease. The main problem in this large cohort study is the crude exposure indicators available; the resulting misclassification is likely to bias any true association towards unity.
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PMID:Cancer in offspring of parents engaged in agricultural activities in Norway: incidence and risk factors in the farm environment. 854 94

Thirty-one seminars have been held in the 16 years since 1981. A principal interest from the beginning was the genetics of cancer, well before this subject became widely popular. This interest arose in part because of marked binational differences in type-specific cancer rates, such as the very low rates among Japanese for Hodgkin's disease in the young, testicular cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, superficial spreading melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Wilms' tumor (half the U.S. frequency). Three seminars were devoted to the seeming reciprocal relationship between B-cell lymphoma (low in Japan) and certain autoimmune diseases (high in Japan), which is perhaps similar in origin to the male/female differences in the rates for these diseases. A seminar on Li-Fraumeni syndrome led to the recognition of cases among Japanese pedigrees brought to the meeting, and generated a study of its occurrence in Japanese families with adrenocortical carcinoma in a child. Another seminar revealed a marked clustering of rare cancers in Werner's (premature aging) syndrome in Japan, and led to a binational study and analysis of case-reports worldwide. Three seminars on pathology heightened appreciation of the importance of subclassifying cancer by subsite and subtype for racial and other comparisons. Four seminars on biostatistics in cancer research generated a substantial exchange of specialists and trainees in this field.
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PMID:The U.S.-Japan Cooperative Cancer Research Program: some highlights of seminars, interdisciplinary program area, 1981-1996. 861 22

This study analyzed histopathologic specimens of 600 pediatric solid malignant tumors seen during the period 1979-1994 at the histopathology laboratories of the Rift Valley Provincial General Hospital in Nakuru, the Nyanza Provincial General Hospital in Kisumu, and the Uasin Gishu Hospital in Eldoret in western Kenya. The crude incidence rate of each malignancy per 100,000 children per year was calculated. The patterns of malignancies were examined with a focus on tumor incidence, age, sex, geographic, and ethnic distribution to relate the tumors to putative environmental and genetic causative factors. The six common tumors were Burkitt's lymphoma (33.5%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (21.8%), retinoblastoma (11.5%), Kaposi's sarcoma (6.1%), nephroblastoma (4.5%), and Hodgkin's disease (4.1%). Significantly high crude incidence rates for lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma showed a characteristic ethnogeographic distribution. The majority of the tumors were found concentrated around Lake Victoria and showed decreasing occurrence as one moved towards the semi-arid and highland areas. We concluded that environmental factors seem to play a major role in childhood tumors in western Kenya.
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PMID:The pattern of pediatric solid malignant tumors in western Kenya, east Africa, 1979-1994: an analysis based on histopathologic study. 861 44

Clinical studies of antiemetic treatment with Zofran in children suffering from neoplastic diseases are presented. The studies were carried out in 33 children aged 3 months to 17 years treated in 1993. The majority of the patients were treated for ALL (20), Hodgkins disease (3), nephroblastoma (3), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2), solid tumors (5). Two-hundred thirty-eight cycles of chemotherapy with cystostatics having varied emetic effects were carried out in these children. Zofran was given in one dose, one hour before chemotherapy in a dose of 4 or 8 mg. The intensity of vomiting was assessed according to the WHO 5-grade scale. O to 1 grade of vomiting was observed in 84.4%, 2nd grade in 15.2%. There were no cases of 3rd or 4th grade vomiting. No side-effects of the medication were observed in the studied group. It was found that Zofran is an effective and well-tolerated antiemetic medication in children on chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Estimation of effectiveness of antiemetic treatment with Zofran given in one dose to children with neoplasms]. 867 58

Incidence rates of cancers of childhood in Thailand are presented for the first time, and compared with results from cancer registries in Asia, Europe and the USA. As elsewhere in the world, leukaemia (principally acute lymphocytic), brain tumours and lymphomas comprise two-thirds of all childhood neoplasms. Carcinomas are rare, but the principal sites (liver, nasopharynx, thyroid and salivary gland) are extremely unusual elsewhere. Several features of the cancer pattern correspond to that in other Asian populations (China, Japan, Philippines), in particular the low incidence of Hodgkin's disease, Wilms' tumour and Ewing's sarcoma. Conversely, Burkitt's lymphoma is more common than elsewhere, although this may represent increasing awareness of this diagnosis amongst clinicians in recent years.
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PMID:Incidence of childhood cancer in Thailand 1988-1991. 874 33

Staging systems are used in staging most pediatric solid tumors outside the central nervous system. Common solid, nonneurologic pediatric tumors include liver tumors, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Traditional staging of pediatric tumors depends on the anatomic distribution of the malignant disease. Almost all staging systems are based on the spread of the local primary tumor, metastasis to regional lymph nodes, and distant blood-borne metastatic spread. There is some variability as to how tumor spread is assessed. Such assessment may be performed before or after surgery. There are many potential problems with tumor staging systems. The systems vary in complexity and clinical usefulness, and there is some variation in the criteria used in the different systems. It is important for radiologists to have a sound working knowledge of staging systems to facilitate accurate staging. Imaging is an important aspect of every staging system.
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PMID:Visual presentation of the staging of pediatric solid tumors. 889 21

The medical records of 53 patients between the ages of 1 and 18 years, with malignant abdominal tumors seen between 1987 and 1993 were reviewed. Wilms' tumor was the most common tumor constituting 28.3% of all cases. The others included Non- Hodgkin's lymphomas (20.8%), neuroblastomas (11.3%), rhabdomyosarcomas, germ cell tumors 9.4% each and a miscellaneous group. Majority of patients (60.3%) were under 5 years of age. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Among 15 patients with Wilms' tumor, majority (46.7%) had stage III tumors at presentation and all but one patient, were referred to our Hospital more than a month following initiation of their symptoms. In contrast, 5 out of 7 patients with Stage I and II tumors were seen within the first month of their symptoms. The commonly utilized techniques to aid diagnosis were ultrasonography and computerized tomography scan and the common treatment modality was a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. For Wilms' tumor, the mean follow-up was 1 year and nine months, the survival rate was 93.3% and there were no recurrences. With early diagnosis and multimodality treatment, the survival rates for childhood malignancies can be greatly improved.
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PMID:Malignant abdominal tumors in children. 893 72

Following the outbreak of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection in the early 1980's, there has been an increase in reported cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, among other childhood malignancies, from the East and Central African region. To assess the status of childhood cancers at Kenyatta National Hospital during the AIDS epidemic period and to compare the findings with those obtained before the outbreak, relevant data were extracted from ward admission registers for all children admitted in the paediatric wards and in whom a diagnosis of a malignant disease was confirmed. The data were summarised in tables and bar charts. The hospital based prevalence for malignant diseases was 1.27% (CI = 1.23,1.31). Lymphoma (51.3%), leukaemia (21.3%), nephroblastoma (8.5%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (5.2%) are the most common childhood cancers. Compared with earlier studies, the frequency of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease and rhabdomyosarcoma appear to have increased. Despite the AIDS epidemic, there has been no obvious increase in number of cases of Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Childhood cancers in a referral hospital in Kenya: a review. 899 44

Pre- and/or postoperative chemotherapy is highly effective in the treatment of pediatric malignancies and has modified surgical strategies significantly. (1) In childhood abdominal Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomas early chemotherapy has a definite priority over extended excisions. (2) In hepatoblastomas, radical excision is essential for effecting a cure. However, in the case of an advanced tumor, it is wise to start treatment with chemotherapy and then to perform surgery. (3) Pre-operative chemotherapy in Wilms' tumors effects a "down staging", which allows therapy reduction and omission of postoperative radiotherapy in the majority of cases.
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PMID:[Oncologic surgery of malignancies in childhood. Effect of adjuvant/neoadjuvant methods]. 910 84

In the framework of the ITACARE project, a cooperative investigation conducted on the data from the Italian population-based cancer registries, survival of patients with childhood malignant neoplasms was studied. The study included 1,768 cases diagnosed at age 0-14 plus 29 osteosarcoma cases diagnosed at age 15-19. Cases were collected over the period 1978-1989, or more limited periods for some participating registries. A total of 1,138 cases were from the Childhood Cancer Registry of Piedmont and 659 from the registries operating in the provinces of Varese, Parma, Modena, Forli and Ravenna, Florence, Latina, Ragusa and in the cities of Genova and Torino (the last contributed only for bone neoplasm diagnosed at age 15-19). Overall 5-year survival was 54% for malignancies diagnosed in 1978-1981, 60% for the period 1982-1985; and 69% for the period 1986-1989. The range among registries of 5-year survival for cases diagnosed in 1986-1989 was 55-78%. Most diagnostic categories presented an improved prognosis for the cases diagnosed more recently. For cases diagnosed in 1986-1989, 5-year survival was: 74% for acute lymphatic leukaemia, 40% for acute non-lymphatic leukaemia, 65% for central nervous system neoplasms (76% for astrocytoma, 75% for ependymoma and 85% for medulloblastoma), 66% for osteosarcoma, 55% for Ewing's sarcoma, 87% for Hodgkin's disease, 64% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 74% for rhabdomyosarcoma, 64% for neuroblastoma, 78% for nephroblastoma and 100% for retinoblastoma. Italian survival was similar to that observed in other population-based surveys in the UK and USA.
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PMID:Survival of childhood cancer patients in Italy, 1978-1989. ITACARE Working Group. 915 68


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