Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
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PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28

Lung function tests were performed in 22 children and juveniles who had received radiotherapy to the lungs, an average of 9.5 years previously, for tumour (14 with Hodgkin's disease [aged 7-22 years], 4 with malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma [aged 6-14 years], 3 with Wilms tumour [4-6 years], and one with Ewing's sarcoma [aged 16 years]). All three patients who, as young children, had had radiotherapy to both lungs because of a Wilms tumour with multiple lung metastases had restrictive disorders of lung function. Four of 12 after treatment of Hodgkin's disease and one of two after malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma and extensive thoracic irradiation developed a restrictive disorder of pulmonary function. But all four patients who had irradiation restricted to the mediastinum had normal lung functions.
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PMID:[Lung function following irradiation in pediatric cancer patients]. 255 Feb 5

Nineteen children treated for Wilms' tumor (thirteen cases) or Hodgkin's disease (six cases) with cytostatic agents and/or radiotherapy were studied cytogenetically on lymphocytes cultivated from blood samples drawn after at least 1 year of complete remission after end of therapy. A reference group of children was matched for age, sex, and residence. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (5.4 versus 5.6 SCE/cell), and chromosome damage type gaps (6.6 versus 7.1%) and breaks (1.9 versus 1.9%) were not different in the two groups, but exchange type aberrations were more frequent in the patients (0.9 versus 0.06%). Fifty karyotypes were analyzed in all but two cases of Hodgkin's disease. The overall frequency of stable (3.1 versus 3.8%) and unstable (1.7 versus 1.4%) structural chromosome changes such as translocations, deletions, chromatid exchanges, and dicentrics were not different in the patient and the control groups. If the chromosome data reflect a general cancer risk, this risk cannot be considerably higher among the cancer-treated children.
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PMID:Structural chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes from children previously treated for Wilms' tumor or Hodgkin's disease. 256 12

Twenty-nine cases of solid malignant tumours in paediatric age group were studied. The incidence of different tumours in order of frequency were lymphomas (37.9%), Wilms' tumour (24.1%), neuroblastoma (17.2%), soft tissue sarcoma (10.4%) and rare tumours (10.4%). Maximum number of tumours occurred in 1-5 years' age group. Male predominance was noted (male:female as 2.2:1). Among the lymphomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma outnumbered Hodgkin's lymphoma. Left kidney affection was seen more than the right kidney among cases of Wilms' tumours. Neuroblastomas presented commonly as abdominal masses. All the 3 cases of soft tissue sarcomas were embryonal rhabdomysoarcomas. Rare tumours encountered in the study were ovarian tumours (arrhenoblastoma), endodermal sinus tumours and hepatoblastoma.
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PMID:Pattern of paediatric solid malignant tumours in southern Orissa. 258 29

From September 1984 to March 1989, 57 children received intraoperative radiotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary tumor treatment. Their age ranged from 2 to 18 years. Tumor types: osteosarcoma, 21; Ewing's sarcoma, 19; soft tissue sarcomas, 6; neuroblastoma, 5; Wilm's tumor, 3; Hodgkin, 1; glioma, 1, and malignant pheochromocytoma, 1. In 44 patients the disease was localized while 13 had distant metastases. Intraoperative radiotherapy was used in 48 previously untreated patients as part of a radical treatment program and in 9 cases as an effort to rescue local failures (5 in previously irradiated areas). The intraoperative radiation field included the surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed, and the single doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy, with 6-20 MeV electrons. With a median follow up time of 25 months (4 to 51 + months) 44 out of 57 patients are alive without local recurrence and 13 have died from tumor (6 with local progression). Intraoperative radiotherapy seems to be a feasible treatment which might promote local control in pediatric tumors.
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PMID:[Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of malignant tumors in children. Preliminary results]. 263 10

531 cases of malignant neoplasms and potentially malignant hyperplasia in children and adolescents diagnosed in the Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child between 1978/79 and 1983 are presented. Only patients treated in this hospital were included into the study. The most common diagnoses were neuroblastoma (68 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (62 cases), nephroblastoma (56 cases), osteogenic sarcoma (47 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (41 cases). Besides neoplasms most typical for childhood and adolescence the rare less typical cases were also seen.
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PMID:[Malignant neoplasms and potentially malignant hyperplasia in children and adolescents from material at the Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child during 1978/79-1983]. 263 66

In pediatric malignancies, particularly sarcomas, alkylating agents play an important role in the curative, combination chemotherapy approach. Since high doses of ifosfamide, the structural isomer of cyclophosphamide, were made tolerable with mesna uroprotection, high-dose ifosfamide (5 to 10 g/m2) has replaced conventional-dose cyclophosphamide (900 to 1,500 mg/m2) in some combination chemotherapy regimens. In Ewing's sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma, the response rate and proportion of patients surviving disease free have been increased (at least for poor-prognosis patients) by 15% to 20% with an ifosfamide-containing regimen, as used in ongoing trials of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology. In germ cell tumors, the combination of ifosfamide and etoposide has proved to be an effective salvage regimen in patients resistant to vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. In stage IV disseminated neuroblastoma, however, the introduction of ifosfamide-containing regimens has not altered the poor prognosis. Results reflecting the value of ifosfamide in osteosarcoma, Wilms' tumor and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are pending. It is not yet known whether high doses of akylating agents will increase the risk of late sequelae in cured patients.
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PMID:Ifosfamide in pediatric malignancies. 264 85

From September 1984 to July 1987, 33 children received intraoperative radiotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary tumor treatment. Their age ranged from 2 to 17 years. Tumors types: Ewing's sarcoma (n = 11), osteosarcoma (n = 8), soft tissue sarcomas (n = 5), Wilms' tumor (n = 3), neuroblastoma (n = 3), malignant pheochromocytoma (n = 1), Hodgkin's disease (n = 1), and optic nerve glioma (n = 1). In 25 patients the disease was localized while 8 had distant metastases. Intraoperative radiotherapy was used in 26 previously untreated patients as part of a radical treatment program and in 7 cases as an effort to rescue local failures (5 in previously irradiated areas). The intraoperative radiation field included the surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed, and the single doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy, with 6-20 MeV electrons. Patients with osteosarcoma and recurrent tumor in a previously irradiated area did not receive postoperative external beam radiotherapy. With a median follow-up time of 10 months (1 to 31 + months) 24 out of 33 patients are alive without local recurrence and 9 have died from tumor (5 with local disease progression). Intraoperative radiotherapy seems to be a feasible treatment which might promote local control in pediatric tumors.
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PMID:Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric tumors. A preliminary report on initial results. 273 16

Postoperative course is reported in 52 children with malignant tumors (neuroblastoma, Wilms-tumor, non-Hodgkin-lymphoma, osteosarcoma etc.) who were operated on between 1979 and 1987. 26 children received chemotherapy prior to surgery, whereas 26 children were operated on without preceding chemotherapy (control group). Most children were under six years of age. 15 Children (57.7%) with preoperative chemotherapy developed early postoperative complications, such as sepsis, pneumonia, suture dehiscence, woundhealing disturbances and ileus, whereas this was the case in only 5 children (19.2%) without preoperative chemotherapy (P 0.0005). Four of the children with preoperative chemotherapy (15.4%) sustained late complications, such as local recurrence or mechanical bowel obstruction, whereas none of the control children did so. Lethality rate from underlying disease did not differ in both groups during follow-up (5 = 19.2% vs. 5 = 19.2%). This demonstrates that the surgeon must carefully be aware of an increased possibility of early and late complications in children who have to undergo surgery for malignant tumors following preoperative chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Postoperative course in children with malignant tumors following preoperative chemotherapy]. 273 47

Among a cohort of 10,106 three-year survivors of childhood cancer, 90 second primary tumours (SPTs) were observed. Within 25 years of 3-year survival about 4% developed a SPT, about 6-fold expected, the relative risk not varying much with increasing follow-up. Following genetic retinoblastoma we observed 30-fold the expected number of SPTs, and over 400-fold the expected number of osteosarcomas. The risk of SPT in the absence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (inherent risk) following genetic retinoblastoma was 13-fold expected and over 200-fold the expected number of osteosarcomas were observed. There was evidence that both radiotherapy and cyclophosphamide were associated with an increased risk of SPT. After all first primary tumours (FPTs) excluding retinoblastoma we observed almost 5-fold the expected number of SPTs. The inherent risk was 4-fold expected, the relative risks associated with radiotherapy but no chemotherapy, and both radiotherapy and chemotherapy were 6- and 9-fold expected respectively. There were about 20-fold the number of malignant bone tumours expected, most were osteosarcoma; also 7-fold the number of central nervous system tumours expected. There were 8 basal cell carcinomas and it seems likely that radiotherapy was involved in the development of some of these. Radiotherapy appears to have been involved in the development of many of the SPTs observed following all FPTs excluding retinoblastoma, particularly after CNS tumours, Wilms' tumour and Hodgkin's disease. Currently there is insufficient follow-up to examine the risk following chemotherapy. After acute leukaemia there was 20-fold the expected number of central nervous system tumours, though this is based on only 3 cases; whether therapy is directly involved in their development is uncertain. The risks we report are rarely greater than those reported in previous large-scale studies; in most instances they are substantially less. It is very unlikely that many SPTs were missed with our follow-up system so alternative explanations require further investigation; in particular it is possible the lower risks in our data compared to series treated in the United States may be explained, in part, by less combination therapy and lower doses of radiotherapy.
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PMID:Incidence of second primary tumours among childhood cancer survivors. 282 73


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