Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with either leukemia or lymphoma were asked if they had close personal associations with other patients before the onset of disease. Iinitial interviews indicated that several patients could be interlinked into social clusters. Tumour-registry records were used to contact each patient (or a surviving relative) diagnosed during the years 1964-73 in three areas of West Virginia. Close personal associations, antedating the onset of disease in 1 or both individuals of each linkage pair, were detected in 14 of 23 (61%), 14 of 22 (68%), and 6 of 8 (75%) patients from these three areas during this ten-year period. In addition, among 28 randomly selected patients with Hodgkin's disease from various parts of the United States, 10 (36%) had direct or indirect close personal associations with 17 other patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Patients with leukemia or lymphoma frequently are interlinked by prior close personal associations to other patients with these diseases.
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PMID:Leukaemia and lymphoma patients interlinked by prior social contact. 4 48

A rational, multidisciplinary approach to Hodgkin's disease and the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has been responsible for major advances in therapy. Invasive diagnostic procedures and exploratory laparotomy, with their associated complications, make nontraumatic radionuclide imaging most appealing in both the clinical staging of disease and in evaluating therapy. Gallium-67-citrate, the tumor scanning agent of the early 1970's, has demonstrated a marked affinity for Hodgkin's disease and the other lymphomas. False positives are few, with sensitivity greater than 70% throughout the spectrum of Hodgkin's disease and the histiocytic lymphomas. In addition to confirming sites of suspected neoplasm, this agent has proved useful in the detection of occult involvement. Moreover, resolution of abnormal gallium-67 concentrations on follow-up studies functions as a visual ancillary index of therapeutic response. The value of wholebody gallium-67 scintigraphy is further enhanced when used in conjunction with routine technetium brain, bone, liver, and spleen scans. While the diagnostic accuracy of gallium-67 studies has been limited in the abdomen due to bowel activity, our attempts to improve these results with the tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical indium-111-Bleomycin were unrewarding and subsequently were discontinued. Finally, radionuclide lymphography has also been explored. Its diagnostic usefulness in detecting pelvic and abdominal lymph node involvement warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Radionuclide studies in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. 4 83

Iodine-131-labeled immunospecific gamma globulin derived from immunization of rabbits with F antigen, a tumor associated antogen in Hodgkin's disease, has been utilized for intralymphatic infusion in a patient with known recurrent Hodgkin's disease inthe inguinofemoral and pelvic regions. Rectilinear scanning successfully delineatedthe tumor masses, and external monitoring showed retention of activity in the tumor sitesover an 8-day period.
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PMID:Radionuclide immunoglobulin lymphangiography: a case report. 5 Jan 21

DNA-RNA hybridization was used to explore whether human neoplasias contain RNA molecules having sequence homologies to those of the RNA tumor viruses known to cause similar diseases in animals. The pattern of specific RNAs found in the human tumors showed a remarkable concordance with the predictions deducible from the animal systems. Thus human breast cancer contains RNA homologous only to that of the murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Human leukemias, sarcomas, and lymphomas (including Hodgkin's and Burkitt's) all contain RNA with sequence homology to the murine leukemia virus (RLV) and not to MMTV RNA. Finally, as in the case of the mouse, none of the human tumors examined contain RNA related in sequence to that of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). The RNA detected in all of the human neoplasias was demonstrated to be of high molecular weight (1 times 10(7) daltons) and encapsulated with a reverse transcriptase in particles having densities between 1.16-1.19 g/ml. Further, the RNA of these human tumor particles was related in sequence to the murine viruses that cause the corresponding neoplasias in mice. Thus, 4 features diagnostic for the murine oncogenic viruses are satisfied by the particles found in the human cancers. Finally, it was shown by "recycling" experiments that the DNA from human leukemic cells and from lymphomatous tissue contained particle-related sequences that could not be detected in normal DNA. This finding was further substantiated by studies with identical twins in which it was shown that the leukemic twin contained particle-related sequences that could not be detected in the leukocytes of his identical healthy sibling. These findings are inconsistent with hypotheses that require chromosomal transmission in the germ line of complete copies of the information required to produce malignancy and the associated virus particles.
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PMID:Sequences related to the RNA tumor viruses in the RNA and DNA of human leukemias and lymphomas. 5 26

Tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals have been employed in the diagnosis of primary neoplasms, in the detection of distant disease, particularly in the localization of tumor foci to facilitate biopsies and the planning of radiation portals, and in assessing the response to tumor therapy. At the present, there is no ideal tumor-scanning agent. However, several approaches appear to be useful and offer promise for further study. The greatest experience has been with Gallium-67, which has major utility in the staging of Hodgkin's disease, in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma, in the detection of certain metastatic brain tumors, in the identification of recurrent disease, and in the noninvasive diagnosis of leukemic complications. A number of radiolabeled antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents have shown promise, including tetracycline and bleomycin. A major drawback, however, of these agents which is shared with Gallium-67 is that they appear to be sequestered by inflammatory as well as neoplastic tissue. A most intriguing approach is the use of radiolabeled antibodies to tumor-associated antigens. Animal and clinical experiments have employed antifibrin, antifibrinogen, anticarcinoembryonic antigen, and antiferritin. Theoretically, agents such as these should allow for greater tumor specificity.
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PMID:The radionuclide identification of tumors. 5 2

Several radiopharmaceuticals have recently been shown to have a considerable affinity for malignant tissue. All the tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in current use are nonspecific and may also be picked up by benign tumors and infectious processes, including abscess and granuloma. The sensitivity of the tumor-imaging procedure depends on the radiopharmaceutical employed, the type of tumor, its size and location, and previous or current treatment. Gallium-67 citrate (67Ga), the most widely used tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical, seems to have its greatest value in detecting bronchogenic carcinomas irrespective of cell type. The sensitivity for lung cancer in 489 studies was 93 per cent. Gallium-67 is also of great value in the staging of Hodgkin's disease, in which its sensitivity is 87 per cent. Non-Hdgkin's lymphomas are detected with only slightly lower sensitivity. There is, in fact, evidence that 67Ga is at least complemenatry, if not more sensitive than lymphangiography, in the staging of lymphoma. However, adenocarcinomas originating in the gastrointestinal tract are detected by 67Ga with a sensitivity of only about 40 per cent, whereas various chelates of bleomycin (including 111In-Bleo, 99mTc-Bleo and 57Co-Bleo) detect adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract with considerably higher sensitivity. In the few studies available comparing bleomycin chelates, 57Co-Bleo and 99mTc-Bleo appear to be more sensitive in detecting tumor than 111In-Bleo. Other tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticasl which have been employed with somewhat less success include selenium compounds, labeled pyrimidines, several inorganic cations, lanthanide chelates and labeled proteins. Yet to be evaulated clinically is the efficacy of radiolabeled antibodies which are specific for tumor antigens, such as 131I-anti-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen).
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PMID:Cancer diagnosis. The role of tumor-imaging radiopharmaceuticals. 5 31

Complexes of high-molecular-weight RNA and reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase) have been detected in 14(77.8%) of 18 spleen from patients with Hodgkin's disease and in all samples tested of peripheral leukocytes and spleens from leukemic patients. The enzyme and its template are localized in a particle having a density between 1.16 and 1.19 g/ml. These observations describe characteristic features of RNA tumor viruses.
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PMID:Simultaneous detection of reverse transcriptase and high molecular weight RNA in tissue of patients with Hodgkin's disease and patients with leukemia. 6 53

Similarities have been observed for some time between oncornavirus-induced malignancies in laboratory animals and leukemias and solid tumors in man. Particles similar to type C oncornaviruses have been detected by electron microscopy both in cells or plasma from leukemia patients and in solid-tumor human malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphosarcomas, and sarcomas. Likewise, particles resembling type B oncornaviruses in shape and appearance have been found in human breast cancer. In neither case has the infectious nature of the particles been confirmed. However, DNA synthesized in vitro by the enzyme of murine mammary tumor virus was found to hybridize with polysomal RNA obtained from human mammary adenocarcinomas. The presence of RNA complementary to RNA from the Rauscher strain of murine leukemia virus has been observed in other human malignancies unrelated to breast cancer. It has also been found that cells of patients with myelogenous leukemia possess an oncornaviral-type reverse transcriptase that is distinguishable from other cell DNA polymerases and serologically related to the reverse transcriptase of primate oncornaviruses.
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PMID:Human studies following animal models of tumorigenesis by oncornaviruses. 7 Nov 81

Immunofluorescence staining was applied to tissue with primary nonhepatic malignancies and/or their metastatic nodules in the liver. Tumor cells from the primary sites of two patients with carcinoma of the pancreas and one patient with Hodgkin's disease were found to be positive for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). In five patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer, and two with nongastrointestinal tract carcinoma, the liver cells immediately adjacent to the metastiatic foci were positive for AFP. Negative results for AFP was found in seven patients with liver metastasis; of these seven patients, five had nongastrointestinal tract cancer, and two had cancer that arose in the gastrointestinal tract. It is unclear what influences the production of AFP in cases of liver metastasis, since some neoplasms from the same organ system do provoke this phenomenon, and others do not.
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PMID:Localization of alpha-fetoprotein synthesis in malignancies other than hepatoma. 7 86

A 40 year old woman with Hodgkin's disease twice developed signs of encephalitis while being treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide for 10 months. Since on both occasions her Toxoplasma dye test titer was 1 : 8000 or higher, she was treated on suspicion of toxoplasmosis with sulfadizine and pyrimethamine. Her tumor therapy was changed to bleomycin with lower doses of prednisone for 12 months. After death from central pontine myelinolysis, Toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus could be isolated, but no lesions attributable to these infectious agents were present. Maintenance of the patient's immune competence suggested an inquiry into the effects of the chemotherapeutic agents and of tumor infiltration for their respective interference with immunity. Using hamsters with chronic latent toxoplasmosis, it was found that both cortisone and cyclophosphamide caused recrudescence of chronic inapparent infection, that vinblastine and bleomycin interfered only slightly with the development of immunity, whereas in infiltrating lymphoma permitted immunity to develop normally. It is concluded that greater attention should be directed to the immunosuppressive effects of tumor treatment. By choice of an effective tumor therapy which is least immunosuppressive, and if necessary under cover of antimicrobial therapy, a patient with Hodgkin's disease can be aided in developing immunities which he may subsequently be able to maintain.
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PMID:Immune competence in a patient with Hodgkin's disease and relapsing toxoplasmosis. 7 57


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