Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidural cord compressions are a frequent and serious problem for patients with cancer. Standard treatment for these lesions includes local irradiation with or without surgery. Herein are reported two cases of epidural cord compression from Hodgkin's disease that responded dramatically to systemic chemotherapy. A review of the literature reveals reports of successful chemotherapy in the treatment of seven patients with epidural metastases secondary to lymphomas and 15 secondary to a variety of other tumors. The use of systemic chemotherapy is an increasingly important therapeutic option for treatment of epidural cord compressions in carefully selected patients.
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PMID:Treatment of epidural cord compressions from Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy. A report of two cases and a review of the literature. 327 72

The Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia contains data on 7,400 tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone, 135 primary spinal tumors, 187 metastases, 98 plasmacytomas, 4 extranodal manifestations of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the vertebral column. The most frequent type of primary tumor is the chordoma (35 cases), followed by osteoblastoma (16 cases), eosinophil granuloma (16), and hemangioma (12 cases). Most of the metastases derive from carcinoma of the breast, bronchial carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma. The present review concentrates on differential diagnosis by means of histological examination, with particular reference to immunohistological methods. In addition, the necessity for complementary assessment of the X-ray findings and histology is emphasized. In particular, the current status of knowledge on the prognosis of primary spinal tumors is presented. In our experience, the preparation of nondecalcified plastic sections has proved especially valuable for diagnostic procedures using punch biopsy specimens.
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PMID:[Pathology of spinal tumors]. 332 Aug 58

We have assessed the diagnostic value of the determination of cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, beta-glucuronidase and total protein, using linear discriminant analysis, in detecting central nervous system metastases from extracranial malignancies. We conclude that, using these tests, it is impossible to differentiate between control individuals and patients with brain or epidural metastases. Leptomeningeal dissemination from either solid tumours or non-Hodgkin lymphoma could be differentiated from control individuals and patients with brain or epidural metastases. In this differentiation it is essential that bacterial, fungal or tuberculous meningitis be excluded from the differential diagnosis by other diagnostic procedures. The combination of beta-glucuronidase and beta 2-microglobulin provides almost the same diagnostic information as the combination of all parameters.
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PMID:Tumour markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system metastases from extracranial malignancies. 340 30

We examined 322 patients who had died of malignant lymphoma at our institute between 1958 and 1985 in order to study secondary involvement of genitourinary organs (GUO). Secondary involvement of GUO was more common in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) than in Hodgkin's disease. The most commonly affected GUO was the kidney, which was secondarily involved in 121 out of 322 patients (37.6%). The adrenal gland was the second most commonly affected organ: 58 cases (18%) were affected by the disease and 40 of them were associated with renal involvement. Third and fourth were the urinary bladder (8.4%) and the testis (5.9%). Secondary involvement of the bladder in NHL was often accompanied with that of other GUO. Next, the relationship between metastases and histological characteristics in NHL was investigated. However, no significant correlation proved to exist between histological grade and metastases to the GUO.
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PMID:Secondary involvement of genitourinary organs in malignant lymphoma. 343 82

Twenty-nine consecutive patients 2-35 years old underwent serial thoracic CT evaluations for metastatic disease. Thymic volumes were determined for each patient during cycles of chemotherapy and were compared with the patient's clinical status. This group included patients with Hodgkin's disease (13 patients), osteogenic sarcoma (five), testicular neoplasm (four), Wilms' tumor (three), rhabdomyosarcoma (two), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (one), and Ewing's sarcoma (one). Seven patients with mediastinal lymphoma had tumor involvement of the thymus and therefore were excluded. The 22 remaining patients showed cyclic thymic volume changes in response to chemotherapy or its discontinuance. During the first course of chemotherapy the thymic volume decreased by an average of 43% in 20 of 22 patients. Between the first and second course, regrowth was observed in all 20 of these patients. Among the six patients who received a second course of therapy, an average volume decrease of 36% was observed during the second course with regrowth again occurring during recovery from chemotherapy. Thymic rebound (regrowth 50% greater than baseline volume) occurred in five patients, three of whom were in clinical remission. The thymus appears to atrophy during the administration of chemotherapy and regrow during the recovery phase of chemotherapy in 90% of the patients studied. Thymic hyperplasia or rebound is a relatively common phenomenon occurring in 25% of patients. The size of the thymus appears to be extremely sensitive to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Thymic atrophy and regrowth in response to chemotherapy: CT evaluation. 349 49

Reticulosarcoma, nowadays usually referred to as non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, is a particularly rare primary bone tumour. This study includes 12 cases observed over more than 15 years. The favourable clinical course of the tumour, and the use of complementary therapy justify a more extensive use of surgical treatment. Five cases were submitted to surgery plus complementary chemotherapy; two resections of the tibia, one of the humerus, one scapulectomy and one disarticulation of the hip. The remaining 7 cases were treated by radiation therapy. The overall prognosis of the disease is not very favourable (25% survival rate) although its slow progress gives a favourable clinical impression. Treatment may, however, influence the prognosis; much better results are obtained by radical surgery with complementary chemotherapy. In one resection of the tibial diaphysis and one radical scapulectomy there was no local recurrence or metastases at 3 and 4 years follow-up, whereas cases treated previously by less radical surgery and inadequate chemotherapy, although showing no local recurrence, did result in systemic diffusion of the disease.
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PMID:Primary reticulosarcoma of bone (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). A study of 12 cases. 350 74

The sonographic appearance of histologically verified pancreatic metastases is reported in seven patients with advanced spread of tumor. All metastases appeared as homogeneous, solid, space-occupying lesions with a more hypoechoic internal structure than the pancreatic parenchyma. In five cases, multiple metastases were demonstrated; in two cases, there was a solitary metastasis in the head and tail of the pancreas. Pancreatic metastases are diagnosed infrequently because of the paucity of clinical symptoms and the small size of the foci. In six patients, the diameters of the metastases were 0.5-2.0 cm, and only three patients had organ-related clinical symptoms. The putative diagnosis of organ metastases must be made when multiple hypoechoic foci can be demonstrated in the pancreas in a patient with a malignant tumor. Pancreatic carcinoma, acute pancreatitis, and focal infiltrates in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas must be considered when diagnosing multiple pancreatic lesions.
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PMID:Pancreatic metastases: US evaluation. 352 91

Several inflammatory processes can cause nodules or swelling in the neck. A complete physical examination and, usually, laboratory testing are required to establish the diagnosis. Common infections include cervical lymphadenitis and tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease, infection in the neck spaces, infectious mononucleosis, and syphilis. Primary or metastatic cancer may also be the cause. Cervical metastasis often presents as a neck mass. Although a primary tumor may not be found immediately when a neck mass is being evaluated, one is often discovered later. Other types of malignancy that may be present are histiocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid cancer, and a salivary (most often parotid) gland tumor. Symptomatic treatment is sometimes adequate for infectious disease, but administration of antituberculous drugs or antibiotics may also be necessary. Incision and drainage are required for some nodes and abscesses. For neck masses caused by neoplasms, fine-needle aspiration cytology or biopsy is performed. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment consists of dissection, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.
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PMID:The neck mass. 2. Inflammatory and neoplastic causes. 355 1

Eleven population-based cancer registries tabulated second cancers among 133,411 patients diagnosed with testicular cancer, ovarian cancer or Hodgkin's disease between 1945 and 1984. Overall, 3,157 second cancers were observed, as compared with 2,420 expected at least one year after the first cancer. Survivors of testicular and ovarian cancer experienced 30% and 20% more cancers respectively than the general population comparison group, and patients previously diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease had an 80% excess of cancer. No information was available either on treatment for the first cancer, or other risk factors. However, temporal patterns in the risk of specific second cancers were analysed, with particular reference to the possible role of therapy for the first cancer. Leukaemia of the acute or non-lymphatic type, which has been previously linked to alkylating agent therapy, occurred in excess following all 3 first cancers, as did non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (overall relative risks of 6.1 and 1.8 respectively, with considerably higher relative risks following Hodgkin's disease). Other cancers for which important and plausibly therapy-induced excesses occurred were lung cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.9), breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.4) and bladder cancer following ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease (relative risks 1.7 and 2.2 in women, respectively). Rarer sites at which striking excesses occurred were the salivary gland, thyroid, bone and connective tissue. There were smaller, but clear excesses for cancers of the rectum and colon following ovarian cancer and testicular cancer, skin cancer following Hodgkin's disease, and kidney cancer following ovarian cancer. Overdiagnosis, misclassification of metastases and confounding by other risk factors were all considered as explanations of observed excesses. Nonetheless, it appeared that there are clear excess risks for cancers other than acute leukaemia which must be ascribed to therapy for the first cancer, especially in view of the possible under-reporting in registry material. Case-control studies are under way to provide information on the role of specific aspects of therapy.
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PMID:Second malignancies following testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease: an international collaborative study among cancer registries. 357 May 50

Jaundice due to metastatic tumor involving the extra-hepatic bile ducts is uncommon, and thus, the management of this problem is not standardized. Retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to University Hospitals of Cleveland with malignant biliary obstruction was thus undertaken to identify the incidence, origin, management, and outcome of these metastatic tumors. During a 5-year period, 56 patients with jaundice secondary to biliary, pancreatic, ampullary, or metastatic tumors were identified. Of these, 12 (21%) represented a distant malignant process metastatic to the porta hepatis. Sites of origin were diverse: lymphoma, 2; breast, 3; colon, 2; and 1 each with Hodgkin's, lung, ovary endometrium, and melanoma. Patients ranged in age from 31 to 90 years (mean: 60). Surgical intervention was undertaken in only two patients (cholecystojejunostomy, 1; transhepatic U-tube stenting, 1). The remainder were managed as follows: no procedure, 3 (25%); percutaneous stenting, 5 (42%); and radiation only, 2 (17%). Mortality was as follows: 5 of 12 (42%) died within 30 days and 8 of 12 (67%) within 60 days. The only survivors beyond 60 days were the patients with Hodgkin's (1 of 1), lymphoma (1 of 2), breast (1 of 3) and melanoma (1 of 1). Ten of the patients had obvious extensive metastatic disease, which would explain the poor outcome. Analysis of this data indicates that overall survival is dismal and palliative, nonoperative methods to manage the jaundice should be considered.
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PMID:Metastatic malignant biliary obstruction. 360 55


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