Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors presented in their first note generalities concerning the normal and pathological structure of bone marrow (BM), based on their personal experience (1,500 BMB) and on the literature. A short historical survey and the adopted research method are presented. The advantage of Burkhardt's myelotomy with its technical process by embedding in synthetic resins to avoid decalcification are discussed. The authors have used Jamshidi's cannula (or some other similar needle) with the subsequent embedding in paraffin after decalcification. Further papers will analyse the approach, by BMB, of the myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplasia, lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease, cancer metastases and medullar aplasia.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsy (BMB). I. Generalities, material and method, normal structure of bone marrow, pathological conditions. 252 55

A Technicon H-1 hematologic analyzer was used to measure the mean leukocyte myeloperoxidase (MPX) in 160 patients seen in a hematology clinic. The normal range was -15 to +10, which included 95% of 300 consecutive hospitalized patients. No abnormalities in the MPX were found in 35 patients with beta-thalassemia minor, 8 with iron deficiency, 14 with myeloproliferative disorders, 17 with autoimmune disorders, and 37 patients with lymphoma in complete remission. On the other hand 36% (10/28) of lymphoma patients with active disease either at diagnosis or relapse had a MPX of greater than 10 compared to only 2.3% (7/300) in hospitalized patients (P less than 0.001). Increased levels of MPX were found primarily in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of intermediate or high grades, or Hodgkin's disease [56% (9/16) compared to only 8.3% (1/12) in those with low grade NHLs, P less than 0.05]. The MPX levels returned to normal after successful treatment. Of the various chemotherapeutic agents used, only hydroxyurea led to a consistent elevation of the MPX. The authors conclude that MPX is commonly increased in patients with lymphoma and in those receiving hydroxyurea. Further studies are required to determine if the MPX is a sensitive test for relapse in patients with lymphomas who had an elevated pretreatment value.
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PMID:The mean leukocyte myeloperoxidase index in hematological patients. 255 19

Splenectomy has a major role in the treatment of hematologic diseases. Although it is rarely curative, splenectomy removes the site of the destruction or sequestration of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Destruction occurs in such diseases as hemolytic anemia and ITP, whereas sequestration occurs as an idiopathic disease or secondary to a host of other diseases described above. Splenectomy is also indicated for symptomatic splenomegaly associated with leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloproliferative disorders. It is palliative, increasing the comfort of the patient by removing a massive spleen. Splenectomy also serves as a staging tool in lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and NHL, although it is much more beneficial in Hodgkin's disease, owing simply to stage at presentation. Splenectomy can be performed safely with minimal risk in most patients, but certain diseases carry increased risks of fatality and complications. Such diseases include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloproliferative disorders, but even in these, splenectomy may be indicated in a select group of patients. The decision to perform splenectomy should therefore be made individually in these cases. Because it can be palliative in some cases, splenectomy can play a role in patient management, even though it may not alter survival.
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PMID:Splenectomy for hematologic disease. 264 43

Lymphoid cells in human bone marrow are either assembled focally or occur in a diffuse, loosely scattered infiltrate. While the focal lesions are easily detected, the lymphoid cells of the diffuse infiltrate are hardly recognizable with conventional stains. Quantitative immunohistological analysis of 103 trephine biopsies, including cases with reactive disorders (e.g. myeloid hyperplasia, aplastic anaemia) and neoplastic processes (e.g. myeloproliferative disorders, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) and some specimens with normal architecture yielded the following results: (1) Various antibodies recognizing B cells (L26, 4KB5, MB1, Ki-B3), T cells (UCHL1, MT1) and NK cells (Leu-7) are effective in paraffin-embedded bone marrow sections, thus enabling analysis of the in situ distribution of normal lymphocyte subsets and subtyping of lymphomatous infiltrates. (2) The lymphocytes of the diffuse infiltrate constituted about 1-5% of all nucleated cells in normal bone marrow. (3) In the diffuse infiltrate, T lymphocytes were regularly observed in higher numbers than B cells, and Leu-7+ cells were rare or virtually absent, irrespective of the diagnosis. (4) The focally assembled lymphoid cells were mainly B lymphocytes, but many T cells were always intermingled. This was true for both reactive follicles and neoplastic lymphomatous infiltrates, which generally cannot be differentiated on the basis of immunohistological findings alone.
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PMID:In situ immunophenotyping of lymphocytes in human bone marrow: an immunohistochemical study. 261 Nov 50

Splenic erythropoiesis was demonstrated by surface counting of 59Fe in 129 of 1,350 ferrokinetic studies performed over a 15 year period. These 129 studies were carried out in 108 patients, including 40 with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 24 with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM), 18 with polycythemia vera (PV), six with a myelodysplastic syndrome, five with acute leukemia, three with prostate or breast carcinoma, two each with aplastic anemia or Hodgkin's disease, and one each with idiopathic thrombocythemia, multiple myeloma, chronic renal failure, or treated hypopituitarism. Splenomegaly was present in 83% of the studies and hepatomegaly in 72%. Grade II-III myelofibrosis was demonstrated in 62% of the cases. Hepatic erythropoiesis was present in 77% of the studies (only 38% in PV), and marrow erythropoiesis was undetectable in 33%. Total erythropoiesis was about twice normal (range 0.2 to 8 times normal) but was ineffective to varying degrees in 86% of the studies. Relationships between organomegaly, myelofibrosis, and extramedullary erythropoiesis, as well as differences among clinical disorders, are discussed. Differences observed between CML in chronic or blastic phase suggested that the erythroid cell line was involved in the proliferative process. It is concluded that splenic erythropoiesis 1) is encountered in a variety of clinical conditions; 2) is not necessarily associated with splenomegaly or myelofibrosis, even in the myeloproliferative disorders; 3) is part of a predominantly extramedullary (in the liver as well as in the spleen), expanded, and largely inefficient total erythropoiesis; and 4) can be evaluated in a semiquantitative manner by surface counting.
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PMID:Ferrokinetic study of splenic erythropoiesis: relationships among clinical diagnosis, myelofibrosis, splenomegaly, and extramedullary erythropoiesis. 275 9

This thesis is a survey of nine previously published articles on MPO deficient PMN. The incidences in leukaemia and allied disorders of the presence of this abnormal subpopulation of mature neutrophils and the relationship to clinical course in AML, susceptibility to infections in AML, FAB classification in AML and MDS, cytogenetically defined aberrations in MDS and morphometrical characteristics were investigated. The aims of the studies were to examine the diagnostic as well as the prognostic value of the parameter, to examine the usefulness of the parameter as an predictive indicator of CR and relapse in AML and to examine the concept that MPO deficient PMN may originate from leukaemic precursors. MPO deficient PMN were found to occur in a minor number (less than 4% of the total number of PMN) in normal humans and the incidences of an abnormal number (greater than 4%) were found to be about 40% in AML (I, II, III, IV, VIII), 60% in CML (I, VII), 30% in MPD other than CML (VII) and 30% in MDS (V). The highest incidences in AML were found in the FAB subtypes possessing the most myeloid differentiation potential i.e. FAB M2 and FAB M4 (IV). In ALL, CLL, HCL, Hodgkin's disease, anaemia not related to leukaemia and leukaemoid reactions the incidences all were 0% (I, unpublished data). The abnormal MPO deficient PMN subpopulation, if present, disappeared when CR was achieved and reappeared when relapse eventually was developed (II, VIII). In both situations serial determinations showed that the change occurred before the usual routine blood examinations predicted CR and relapse; several days and several months prior, respectively (VIII). The probability of obtaining CR was lower in the AML patients with the abnormal subpopulation and the risk of developing relapse higher than in AML patients without the anomaly (II, VIII). These differences were not statistically significant, however. AML patients, showing an increased number of MPO deficient PMN, revealed a statistically significant increased susceptibility to infections (P less than 0.01) during the preremission phase accounting for 18% to 67% of the total number of infections in this period (III). This increase was positively correlated to the extent of the anomaly (P less than 0.002). The spontaneous occurrence of a subpopulation of MPO deficient PMN in MDS went together with a simultaneous progression in cytogenetically determined clonal chromosomal aberrations and were related to progression in FAB subtype as well (VI). Morphometrically MPO deficient PMN were characterized by a decreased total cell size and an increased nucleus size of the projected images (IX).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Myeloperoxidase deficient polymorphonuclear leucocytes in leukaemia and allied disorders. 285 15

46 patients suffering from various malignancies (17 non Hodgkin lymphomas, 12 Hodgkin's diseases, 11 acute leukaemias, 4 myelomas, 2 carcinomas), 6 patients with haematological disorders such as ITP, SAA, myeloproliferative disease, LAS and 3 patients without preexisting disease were treated with acyclovir for herpes virus infection diagnosed by clinical means. All but 7 patients had been given intensive treatment with various cytostatic agents and/or irradiation. Most patients were treated with 1500 mg acyclovir daily for 5 to 13 days. Dosage was adjusted according to renal function and clinical response in the remaining 10 cases. 11 patients received intravenous immunoglobulins in addition. Side effects were negligible (local irritation, minimal rise in serum creatinine levels in 5 patients). All patients responded to treatment; 6 patients complained of severe neuralgia lasting for more than one month; 5 patients relapsed.
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PMID:[Experiences with acyclovir in herpes virus infections]. 300 62

Leu-M1 is a differentiation antigen present on human myelomonocytic cells, which also has been identified in Reed-Sternberg cells and variants of Hodgkin's disease. This study further defines the tissue distribution of Leu-M1, with immunoreactivity observed for neoplastic cells in 14 of 28 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded nonhematopoietic neoplasms. With the use of monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technic, Leu-M1 was detected in adenocarcinomas of various sites (breast, lung, colon, thyroid, pancreas, and stomach), in squamous cell and transitional cell carcinomas, and in a small-cell anaplastic carcinoma. Evaluation of a wide variety of myeloproliferative disorders indicated that Leu-M1 effectively characterized mature and immature monocytic cells and myeloid cells at late stages of granulopoiesis, but it was not a reliable marker for early myeloid cells including blasts. Leu-M1 monoclonal antibodies are a useful diagnostic reagent, particularly in the assessment of lymphoproliferative disorders, but must be used with extreme caution and full awareness of its staining profile.
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PMID:Leu-M1 immunoreactivity in nonhematopoietic neoplasms and myeloproliferative disorders. An immunoperoxidase study of paraffin sections. 309 32

A comparison between a series of splenectomies performed at the University of Virginia Medical Center for hematologic disorders between 1946 and 1962 (Series I) and 1963 and 1982 (Series II) is presented. Four hundred splenectomies (20 per year) were performed between 1963 and 1982 compared with 94 (5.5 per year) between 1946 and 1962. Also noted in Series II was a sharp decline in the number performed each year between 1974 and 1983. The major factor responsible for these observations was the evolution of the staging laparotomy for malignant lymphomas, particularly Hodgkin's disease, and the decline in the average annual incidence of staging laparotomies since 1974. Staging laparotomy currently is rarely done for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Also contributing to the changes noted was an increase in the total number but subsequent fall in the annual incidence of splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis, idiopathic hypersplenism, and myeloproliferative disorders in Series II. The average number of splenectomies for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura increased from 1.1 per year in Series I to 3.6 per year in Series II; the annual incidence during the study period of Series II, however, remained constant. The total number of splenectomies for hairy cell leukemia and Felty's syndrome increased from zero in Series I to 12 and 17, respectively, in Series II, whereas the number of miscellaneous reasons dropped from 29 (1.7 per year) in Series I to 15 (0.75 per year) in Series II. The mortality rate in Series I was 6.3% compared with 4.0% in Series II. No deaths occurred in Series II after 1979. Indications for splenectomy in Series II were for diagnostic purposes in 3.2%, therapeutic in 56.5%, staging in 39.5%, and restaging in 0.8%. Accessory spleens were found in 49 (12.5%) in Series II.
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PMID:Splenectomy in hematologic disorders. The ever-changing indications. 337 68

Clinical and cytogenetic findings were reevaluated in 941 consecutive patients with suspected neoplastic haematological conditions studied during 1973-1984. A total of 1652 attempts at cytogenetic analysis with banding technique were performed in 240 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL), 177 with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 157 with myelodysplasia (MDS), 82 with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), 114 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 42 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma or other lymphoproliferative disorders (NHL + LPD), and 120 patients with benign disorders. Only 1 patient with a benign disorder had an acquired clonal chromosomal abnormality (diagnostic specificity 0.99), whereas abnormalities were detected in 50.0% of patients with malignant haematologic disorders (diagnostic sensitivity 0.50). Success rate was 73-74.4% in ALL, MPD, and NHL + LPD, versus 87-94% in ANLL, MDS, CML, and benign disorders. The frequencies of detected abnormalities in diagnostic subgroups were within the limits of previous reports. Striking differences in cytogenetic pattern in relation to age were found in MDS and ANLL. Results from 1973-80 were compared to 1981-84. In spite of a marked reduction in failure rate of bone marrow (BM) analyses in the second time period, the fraction of patients with only inadequate cytogenetic analyses and the frequencies of detected chromosome abnormalities remained essentially unchanged. Peripheral blood samples had a high failure rate, and seldom provided additional information to BM analyses. Delay in transportation time of samples did not in general affect the outcome of cytogenetic analysis, with possible exceptions for a higher failure rate in ALL and lower frequency of detected abnormalities in ANLL.
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PMID:Cytogenetic analysis in 941 consecutive patients with haematologic disorders. 346 85


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