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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proto-oncogenes, which have been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant human tumors, frequently demonstrate restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Population studies of such restriction alleles is of potential interest for genetic analysis of cancer susceptibility. Some of the initial date of Krontiris et al (1985) showing a significant increase of rare c-ha-ras-l alleles in individuals with tumors, have been confirmed in certain types of cancer (breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma), whereas others have been refuted (myelodysplasia, melanoma, colon adenocarcinoma). Other significant associations have been found between other proto-oncogene RLFPs and tumors (c-mos and breast cancer, c-raf and non Hodgkins lymphoma, L-myc and lung carcinoma metastasis). Although they are controversial, these studies should be extended, in order to determine whether the presence of certain alleles is a contributing factor in the development of certain tumors.
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PMID:[Genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer]. 289 51

Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias after treatment for Hodgkin's disease (HD) are well recognized. Preleukemic changes are commonly seen. Three patients from the authors' files are found with myelofibrosis and bone marrow lymphocytosis after treatment for HD. Although somewhat unusual, the clinical impression initially was, in each case, isolated recurrence of HD involving the bone marrow, 6 to 11 years after initial diagnosis. In each case, after single or multiple marrow aspirates and biopsies were done, the differential between HD involving the marrow and myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrates was made. The absence of diagnostic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells was useful in diagnosing the latter. All three patients died of causes related to cytopenias, with two having progressed to overt acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Myelofibrosis with lymphocytic infiltrates in the marrow, without diagnostic RS cells, in patients' status after treatment for HD, should alert one to the possibility of myelodysplasia.
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PMID:Myelodysplasia with bone marrow lymphocytosis and fibrosis mimicking recurrent Hodgkin's disease. 275 Jul 3

The myelodysplastic syndromes constitute a fascinating model for monoclonal premalignant disorders. Haemopoiesis is 'dysplastic' with inefficient maturation of a slowly expanding or sometimes of a stable population, of blood cell precursors. About one third of the patients evolve into acute leukaemia, the result of either a progressive expansion of the original clone or a new mutation producing a more malignant subclone. The majority of patients suffer from the results of bone-marrow insufficiency, with pancytopenia and possibly immune deficiency. Characteristic karyotype anomalies involving mainly chromosomes 5, 7 and 8 are seen in half the patients. These same chromosomes are known to carry different oncogenes. The myelodysplastic syndrome occurs mainly in the aged and there is a moderate male preponderance. The incidence is still unknown but is probably similar to that of acute leukaemia. The etiology is also unknown; however, a secondary myelodysplastic syndrome precedes acute myeloid leukaemia, as a late consequence of chemo- and radio-therapy in treated Hodgkin's disease. This suggests that environmental mutagens might also be involved in primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Treatment remains highly unsatisfactory but a few recent developments improve prognosis, at least in the younger patient.
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PMID:The myelodysplastic syndromes. 333 85

Clinical and cytogenetic findings were reevaluated in 941 consecutive patients with suspected neoplastic haematological conditions studied during 1973-1984. A total of 1652 attempts at cytogenetic analysis with banding technique were performed in 240 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL), 177 with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 157 with myelodysplasia (MDS), 82 with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), 114 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 42 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma or other lymphoproliferative disorders (NHL + LPD), and 120 patients with benign disorders. Only 1 patient with a benign disorder had an acquired clonal chromosomal abnormality (diagnostic specificity 0.99), whereas abnormalities were detected in 50.0% of patients with malignant haematologic disorders (diagnostic sensitivity 0.50). Success rate was 73-74.4% in ALL, MPD, and NHL + LPD, versus 87-94% in ANLL, MDS, CML, and benign disorders. The frequencies of detected abnormalities in diagnostic subgroups were within the limits of previous reports. Striking differences in cytogenetic pattern in relation to age were found in MDS and ANLL. Results from 1973-80 were compared to 1981-84. In spite of a marked reduction in failure rate of bone marrow (BM) analyses in the second time period, the fraction of patients with only inadequate cytogenetic analyses and the frequencies of detected chromosome abnormalities remained essentially unchanged. Peripheral blood samples had a high failure rate, and seldom provided additional information to BM analyses. Delay in transportation time of samples did not in general affect the outcome of cytogenetic analysis, with possible exceptions for a higher failure rate in ALL and lower frequency of detected abnormalities in ANLL.
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PMID:Cytogenetic analysis in 941 consecutive patients with haematologic disorders. 346 85

Previous work has established the presence of an unbalanced chromosome abnormality [+der(1),t(1;7)(p11;p11)] in some therapy-associated myelodysplastic disorders. Recently the EGF receptor has been found to reside at 7p11. Using a probe specific for erb B oncogene, which encodes a truncated form of the EGF receptor, we examined RNA and DNA derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and one with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), all bearing an abnormal clone in their bone marrow with a similar unbalanced 1;7 translocation. DNA-excess slot blot hybridization to 5'-32p-labeled cellular RNA revealed from ten- to thirtyfold enhancement in accumulation of mRNA specific for erb B in both peripheral blood and bone marrow cells of the three MDS patients when compared to normal controls. In addition, enhancement of H-ras mRNA accumulation was detected in some, though expression of other genes such as actin, N-ras, myc, src, B-lym, and 20 other genes was not found to be enhanced. Increased erb B expression was not apparent in mononuclear cells from patients with other hematologic disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, or lymphoma. Southern blot analysis of restriction-enzyme-cleaved DNA from three MDS patients with an unbalanced 1;7 translocation revealed that erb B gene was amplified at least twentyfold in peripheral blood white blood cells, while levels of actin hybridization were comparable to those of the controls. No such amplification was evident in the ALL patient. Our data suggest that +der(1),t(1;7)(p11;p11) chromosomal anomalies can be specifically associated with amplification of erb B DNA and RNA sequences.
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PMID:Amplification of RNA and DNA specific for erb B in unbalanced 1;7 chromosomal translocation associated with myelodysplastic syndrome. 346 13

Bone marrow biopsies and smears were examined from 70 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related conditions: 32 patients with AIDS; 9, at risk, group patients with B-cell lymphoma; 22 patients with AIDS related complex (ARC) and 7, at risk, group patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The first three groups showed similarity with respect to frequency of nonspecific findings: hypo and hypercellularity, marrow damage, lymphoid aggregates, histiocytosis, plasmacytosis and features of myelodysplasia. AFB and fungal organisms were present in the biopsies of 17 per cent of AIDS and 18 per cent of ARC patients. The organisms were associated with bone marrow granulomas or histiocytosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anemia. Only one out of 9 biopsies in patients with previous diagnoses of lymphoma showed involvement of the marrow. One case each of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were discovered incidentally among the 22 biopsies from ARC patients without a previous diagnosis of lymphoma. Except for those presenting with ITP alone, bone marrow changes are similar in patients with AIDS and AIDS related conditions.
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PMID:A comparison of bone marrow findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS related conditions. 349 63

The current treatment methods for the four stages of the four histologic subtypes of Hodgkin's disease are described. In the last several years, the use of radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with even the most advanced stages of disease. However, toxicity remains a problem. Gonadal function is adversely affected in many patients, and the risk of subsequent acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome is about 10% at 10 years after treatment. There have been few trials of biologic response modifiers in Hodgkin's disease, and the results show no advantage over chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Newer therapeutic approaches will need to be devised, both to reduce toxicity and to improve the response of the relatively small number of patients who do not achieve a durable remission with present treatment.
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PMID:Strategies in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. 354 Dec 16

The cell cycle kinetics in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 30 patients with hematologic diseases, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas [10], acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias [10], and myelodysplastic syndromes [10] were studied. Thirty normal healthy subjects formed the control group. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients showed an elongation of the cell cycle time (43% of metaphases in the first cycle), whereas leukemic patients presented a shortening of the cell cycle progression with 46% of cells in the third division. Myelodysplastic syndromes showed most of the metaphases (55%) in the second cycle.
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PMID:Cell cycle kinetics in hematologic diseases. 362 Nov 42

The immunoglobulin levels and autoantibody profiles of 104 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), classified according to the FAB criteria, were analysed. Eight patients, four with coexistent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, three with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and one with a lymphoplasmacytoma, were excluded from the final analysis of immunoglobulin levels. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis revealed the presence of monoclonal gammopathy in 12 patients (12.5%). Of the remaining 84 patients, a polyclonal rise in serum immunoglobulins was present in 27 (32%) while a further 16 (19%) had low immunoglobulin levels. The direct antiglobulin test was positive in eight out of 98 patients tested (8.1%), and organ and non-organ specific autoantibodies were present in 15 out of 67 patients tested (22.3%). Two patients had associated pernicious anaemia (PA), two hypothyroidism, and one PA with hypothyroidism. Three patients had sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis. These results demonstrate that there is a high incidence of immunological abnormalities in MDS.
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PMID:Immunological abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes. I. Serum immunoglobulins and autoantibodies. 370 59

Bone marrow biopsies of patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may, in the absence of an increased number of blasts in the bone marrow smears, contain small clusters of immature precursors. The presence of these cell nests, previously described as "abnormal localized immature precursors" or ALIP, bears a strong prognostic value predisposing patients to early death with an increased risk to develop myeloid leukaemia. In order to describe and delineate this histological characteristic more precisely, we compared bone biopsies of patients with MDS, used in these previous studies, with bone marrow biopsies performed for staging procedures in patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and carcinoma. From this comparison we conclude that immature precursors are readily differentiated from proerythroblasts, myeloblasts and small-sized megakaryocytes, and that they most probably represent precursors of the myelo-monocytic-erythroid series. A clearcut increase in their number, mostly resulting in the formation of small clusters, is only found in biopsies from patients with MDS.
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PMID:The histological characterization of ALIP in the myelodysplastic syndromes. 376 79


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