Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone marrow biopsies from 125 patients at different stages of HIV infection were examined and the histopathological changes are described. Indications for biopsy included peripheral blood abnormalities, search for opportunistic pathogens, a suspected lymphoma or evaluation of its progression. Common histopathological features, suggestive of HIV infection but non-pathognomonic, were: severe hypercellularity (43.2%), myelodysplasia (74.4%), plasmocytosis (86.4%), and lymphocytic (36.8%) and histiocytic infiltrates with or without granulomas (20%). Reticular fibrosis (58.6%), iron deposits (59.2%), vascular congestion and mucoid degeneration of fat (18.4%) were frequently observed. Hypoplasia was usually a late-occurring event and/or may have been iatrogenic. Opportunistic infections were detected in 8 patients: Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (4 cases), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1 case), Cryptococcus neoformans (1 case), and Leishmania (1 case). Neoplastic complications were found in 3 patients: Burkitt's lymphoma (1 case) and Hodgkin's disease (2 cases). The pathophysiological mechanisms envisaged include the effect of HIV infection on precursor cells in the bone marrow.
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PMID:[The bone marrow in human HIV infection. A bioptic study of 125 cases]. 152 53

The histopathologic changes of bone marrow during infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are described. Bone marrow biopsies from 73 patients at different stages of HIV-1 infection were studied. Indications for biopsy included peripheral blood abnormalities, suspicion of lymphoma, or search for specific pathogens. Common histopathological features, suggestive of HIV-1 infection but nonpathognomonic were hypercellularity (67%), myelodysplasia (86.1%), plasmacytosis (98.6%), lymphocytic infiltration (31.1%) and histiocytic infiltration with or without granulomata (13.7%). Increases in reticulin fibers (54.7%), and stainable iron deposits, vascular congestion and serous atrophy of fat were frequent features. Opportunistic infections and neoplastic complications were detected in 7 cases: pathogens were demonstrated in 4 cases (Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI), Cryptococcus neoformans, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania) and lymphoma in 3 cases (1 Burkitt lymphoma and 2 Hodgkin's disease). Bone marrow hypoplasia is usually a terminal event in AIDS and may be iatrogenic.
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PMID:Bone marrow findings in HIV infection: a pathological study. 210 65

The present report describes the results of a combined morphological, enzyme- and immunohistochemical analysis of nine cases of malignant non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) clinically presenting as lethal midline granuloma. In a previous report written before antibodies directed against B and T lymphocytes were available, a histiocytic origin of such neoplasms had been suggested. A panel of antibodies reactive with most B cells (L26, MB1, KiB3) and a majority of T cells (MT1, UCHL1) was applied on paraffin sections of formalin fixed tissues as well as antibodies directed against leukocyte common antigen (LCA), myeloid/histiocyte antigen (MAC 387), lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein, prekeratin and immunoglobulin light chains. Enzyme histochemistry included tests for non-specific acid esterase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and chloroacetate esterase. As a result, five T, two B and two unclassified (malignant histiocytosis probable) NHL were identified, indicating distinct heterogeneity of NHL as causative disorders in lethal midline granuloma.
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PMID:Heterogeneous malignant non Hodgkin's lymphomas as a causative disorder in lethal midline granuloma. 252 38

A panel of commercially available monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) including LN1, LN2, MB2, L26, Leu M1, UCHL1, MT1 and L60 was used to evaluate a diverse group of neoplastic processes in 256 Zenker's-fixed, decalcified, paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. LN2 and MB2 were useful in delineating the extent of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes and in identifying interstitial patterns of involvement. The combined application of LN2, MB2 and UCHL1 had utility in differentiating B-cell from T-cell lymphoproliferative processes; in no instance was reactivity with LN2 observed in T-cell processes. The combined application of these three MoAbs was also used in differentiating benign reactive lymphoid aggregates from focal malignant B-cell proliferations. LN2 exhibited positivity with the Reed-Sternberg cells (RSC) of Hodgkin's Disease (HD) and significantly aided in the identification of these cells. Staining of RSC with Leu M1 was inconsistent and was observed in only 50% of cases of HD. Use of the entire panel of MoAbs together with more recently available reagents such as Cathepsin G, MAC 387 and neutrophil elastase was essential in optimally evaluating a particular lesion; none of these MoAbs used singly reliably differentiated myeloid from lymphoid, hematopoietic from metastatic, or reactive from malignant processes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of neoplasms in bone marrow biopsies using monoclonal antibodies reactive in paraffin-embedded tissue. 258 69

This review article describes the MAC and MACISH (morphology, antibody, chromosomes, in situ hybridization) methods, which allow the examination of numerical chromosome abnormalities of morphologically and immunologically classified interphase or mitotic cells. Results of studies using these methods indicate that the proportion of mitotic B cells is the same in phytohemagglutinin- and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures, that the proportions of different cell lineages vary greatly after short-term culture of bone marrow cells, that only B cells have a clonal chromosome abnormality in B-cell type chronic lymphatic leukemia and lymphoma, that a clonal chromosome abnormality of patients with T-cell lymphoma may occur in a different T cell subpopulation or at a different maturation stage in certain lineages while B cells show a normal karyotype, that only Reed-Sternberg cells have a clonal chromosome abnormality in Hodgkin's disease, and that in a proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia not only a granulocytic-monocytic lineage but also erythrocytic and megakaryocytic lineages show a clonal chromosome abnormality.
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PMID:Immunophenotyping of aneuploid cells. 267 Jan 94

AIDS-associated nephropathy (AAN) causing acute renal failure has been described in patients with AIDS. It is characterized by massive proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. From 1982 until 1987, 177 patients with AIDS were seen in our center. Most of them were homosexual or bisexual men. One patient was also an intravenous drug addict. One patient was a black female. None suffered from a nephrotic syndrome or needed hemodialysis during their illness. In 47 of the 110 patients who died an autopsy was performed. On microscopical examination of kidney tissue obtained at autopsy, no abnormalities were seen in 12 patients and slight abnormalities were found in 35 patients. Glomerular changes, mostly fibrous caps in Bowman's space, were present in 22 patients. Mesangial and intracapillary lesions were seen in only 5 patients. Tubular atrophy was found in 14 patients and sparse interstitial inflammation in 15 patients. A renal localisation of disseminated opportunistic infections was found in 11 patients: CMV (n = 4), tuberculosis (n = 2), Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (n = 1) and Cryptococcal infection (n = 4). In one patient a renal localisation of a Kaposi sarcoma and in another patient a renal localisation of a disseminated non-Hodgkin lymphoma was found. In conclusion the clinical picture of AAN with acute renal failure was not found in our center. As is the case with heroin associated nephropathy, AAN seems to be confined to certain areas in the USA, suggesting that racial or local co-factors, are important for the pathogenesis of AAN in AIDS.
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PMID:Glomerular lesions and opportunistic infections of the kidney in AIDS: an autopsy study of 47 cases. 278 96

Reagents that recognize antigens on lymphoid cells in fixed and wax-embedded sections have been applied to a series of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The panel consisted of MB1, 4KB5 (CD45r), LN1, L26 and MB2 which recognize antigens expressed predominantly on B-lymphocytes; UCHL1 and MT1 which recognize antigens expressed on T-lymphocytes and myeloid cells; antibodies recognizing the non-lineage antigens LeuM1 (CD15), BerH2 (CD30), anti-EMA; anti-lysozyme and MAC 387 which detect antigens present on some macrophages; and finally TAL1B5 (class II MHC), CAM 5.2 (low molecular weight cytokeratin) and PD7/26 + 2B11(CD45). Two hundred and four cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been studied, of which 158 had been fully characterized on frozen sections. The series was biased towards high-grade (n = 108) and T-cell (n = 44) tumours and these were largely prospectively accrued. It was found that discrimination between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas can be reliably achieved using these reagents and that a small panel (CD45, L26, MB2, MT1, UCHL1) is adequate for this purpose. Using the full range of reagents it is not possible to subdivide cases into groups that correspond with morphological subtypes of lymphoma. Although paraffin section immunohistochemistry is of value, the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders must still be based upon the assessment of well fixed, carefully prepared tissue sections using conventional tinctorial methods.
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PMID:Paraffin section immunohistochemistry. I. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 326 64

The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the immunophenotyping of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in paraffin-embedded tissue has been limited by the fact that most antigens on lymphoid cells are denatured by histologic fixation, dehydration, and embedment. In this article the authors have analyzed a small panel of antibodies which represent exceptions to this rule, in that they identify denaturation-resistant determinants on leukocyte antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue. Monoclonal antibodies L26 [corrected] and 4KB5 label preferentially B cells, monoclonal antibody UCHL1 stains predominantly T cells, and monoclonal antibody MAC 387 reacts with granulocytes and some macrophages. A polyclonal antiserum raised against purified CD3 (T3) antigen, a T-cell-specific molecule, was also employed. This antibody panel was used to immunophenotype routinely processed tissue biopsy specimens from 61 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (all of which had been previously phenotyped in cryostat sections). The lineage of the neoplastic cells was correctly identified in 32 of 34 (94%) cases of B-cell lymphoma, in 19 of 19 (100%) cases of T-cell neoplasm, and in 2 of 4 (50%) cases of histiocytic malignancy. It is concluded that this combination of antibodies is helpful in immunophenotyping non-Hodgkin's lymphomas when only paraffin-embedded tissue sections are available, although additional reagents of higher specificity are required to improve the identification of lymphomas.
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PMID:Immunophenotyping of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas using a panel of antibodies on paraffin-embedded tissues. 331 Jun 51

The incidence of second malignant neoplasms (SMN) was assessed in 248 patient with Hodgkin's disease (HD) treated by radiotherapy alone (XRT) or in combination with chemotherapy (XRT + C) between January/1960 and June/1977. Radiation therapy was categorized as less than extended field (less than EF), extended field (EF) or total nodal irradiation (TNI). Chemotherapy was scored as single agent (SAC) or multiagent (MAC). MAC consisted primarily of either nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine (MOPP) or cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone (CVPP). Ten metachronous malignancies occurred 1-21 years (median 10 years) after the diagnosis of HD. With a median follow-up of 6 years the observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) was 4.2 for XRT alone and 7.6 for XRT + MAC. For 46 patients with greater than or equal to 10 years follow-up (median 13 years) the O/E ratio was 16.1 for XRT and 26.5 for XRT + MAC. All SMN occurred in patients who had not had a splenectomy at or prior to the time of HD diagnosis. Only four of nine solid SMN were within treatment portals or near portal margins. The diagnosis of another malignant neoplasm was made prior to or simultaneous with the diagnosis of HD in four additional patients. This observation, and the occurrence of five of six SMN outside of the treatment field in the XRT alone group, suggest that there may be factor(s) associated with the incidence of SMN in HD in addition to treatment itself.
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PMID:Second malignant neoplasms in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease with radiotherapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 729 88

Mycobacterium avium complex infections rarely involve the central nervous system, even in patients with widely disseminated disease. We report a case of disseminated M. avium complex infection presenting with central nervous system symptoms in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Neurologic findings included disorientation, nuchal rigidity, seizures, an extensor plantar response, cerebrospinal fluid studies consistent with meningitis, and eventually, coma and death. Organisms of the M. avium complex were cultured from several sites. Histopathologically, the central nervous system lesions consisted of small aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages containing acid-fast organisms present in a predominantly perivascular location. In view of the life-threatening nature and potential treatability of this uncommon presentation of M. avium complex infection, we suggest that these organisms be sought in immunocompromised patients presenting with unexplained central nervous system symptoms.
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PMID:Symptomatic Mycobacterium avium complex infection of the central nervous system. A case report and review of the literature. 875 61


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