Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report herein the rare case of a 71-year-old man who was initially operated on under the diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer, but was subsequently found to have synchronous lymphoma and early adenocarcinoma of the stomach, confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. The patient had a history of lymphoma of the left tonsil, and histologically the gastric lymphoma was observed to be of the non-Hodgkin's, diffuse, large-cell type. Conversely, the gastric cancer was early well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of type 0-IIa, according to the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society classification. The two tumors had collided at the fornix. The relationship between these two tumors is analyzed and the most appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Synchronous lymphoma and adenocarcinoma occurring as a collision tumor in the stomach: report of a case. 884 Apr 32

The cohort consisted of 11,178 Mead Corporation employees (9,358 males and 1,820 females) who had worked for at least one year between January 1, 1975 and December 31, 1992 at seven pulp and/or paper mills in the United States. The vital status of the cohort was determined through a variety of sources over an observation period of 17 years (1976-1992). Mortality data were analyzed in terms of cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), with expected deaths based on U.S. national mortality rates. Job categories with similar exposures were created based on an historical exposure assessment. Mortality analyses were performed separately for total female and male employees. Among female employees, overall mortality was less than expected, and no significant cause-specific mortality excesses were observed. The small number of deaths among female employees did not permit further detailed analyses. Among male employees, statistically significant deficits from overall mortality (SMR = 69.0) and from all cancers (SMR = 71.3) were reported. In addition, low mortality risks for many specific causes were also observed, including many specific cancer sites, various types of cardiovascular diseases, and different forms of nonmalignant respiratory diseases. In particular, there was no mortality excess from lung cancer (SMR = 77.5), digestive cancer (SMR = 69.4), stomach cancer (SMR = 46.7), laryngeal cancer (no observed death), rectal cancer (SMR = 82.8). Hodgkin's lymphoma (no observed death), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR = 103.6), leukemia (SMR = 72.2), diabetes mellitus (SMR = 110.4), ischemic heart disease (SMR = 80.0), and nonmalignant respiratory diseases (SMR = 36.7). Furthermore, detailed analyses by length of employment, interval since hire (latency), and job category demonstrated no occupationally related mortality increases from any of the diseases examined. Specifically, based on internal comparisons, no upward trends in cause-specific mortality risk were observed by duration of employment. In conclusion, the results of this epidemiologic investigation demonstrated a favorable mortality experience for employees at the seven pulp and/or paper mills.
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PMID:An epidemiologic study of employees at seven pulp and paper mills. 889 92

Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin, or TCDD) is a powerful carcinogen in experimental animals, whereas the evidence in humans is limited. We examined cancer mortality from 1976 to 1991 among residents of Seveso, Italy, which was highly contaminated after an industrial accident. The area was divided into zones with decreasing exposure to dioxin (A = highest, B = lower, R = lowest). The population of a surrounding noncontaminated area was used as a reference group. Zone A was small (11,516 person-years); in that zone, we saw a moderate increase in mortality from digestive cancer among women [relative risk (RR) = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5-3.5]. In zone B, we also saw excesses at digestive sites (83,610 person-years), 10 years after the accident. Women had an increased mortality from stomach cancer (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 0.8-5.7), and men had increased mortality from rectal cancer (RR = 6.2; 95% CI = 1.7-15.9). Hematologic neoplasms were increased. The highest risks were seen in zone B for leukemia in men (RR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.3-6.4), multiple myeloma in women (RR = 6.6; 95% CI = 1.8-16.8), and Hodgkin's disease in both genders (RR = 3.3; 95% CI = 0.4-11.9 in men; and RR = 6.5; 95% CI = 0.7-23.5 in women). Soft tissue sarcoma was elevated only among zone R males (256,408 person-years; RR = 2.1; 95% CI = 0.6-5.4). We found no increase for all-cancer mortality or major specific sites (for example, respiratory among males, breast among females). The specific excesses that we observed were not explained by bias or confounding, and their association with dioxin exposure is plausible. The follow-up is continuing.
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PMID:Dioxin exposure and cancer risk: a 15-year mortality study after the "Seveso accident". 934 64

The human genome contains at least 50 copies of the human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) family which is related to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Some members have been shown to be transcriptionally active and to have large open reading frames. Using the RT-PCR method we have investigated the HERV-K env transcription pattern in several malignant tissues and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs). Samples were derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), breast cancer, colon cancer, high and low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, thyroid adenoma (TA) and from PBMCs of patients with breast cancer, gastric cancer, and of healthy individuals. We found abundant HERV-K env transcripts in all tissues under investigation. Using HERV-K 10 specific primers for amplification we detected in addition to transcripts with high homology to HERV-K 10 (ca. 96% homology on the amino acid level) also transcripts of low homology to HERV-K10 (ca. 71%). Interestingly, all solid tissues containing high percentages of malignant cells such as breast cancer, colon carcinoma, low and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas showed exclusively HERV-K env related transcripts with low homology to HERV-K 10. In contrast, in samples containing only a low proportion of malignant cells or no malignant cells at all we observed both types of transcripts. Thus, our data suggest that the expression pattern of HERV-K elements in human cells is very heterogenous and subjected to a complex transcriptional regulation.
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PMID:Two groups of endogenous MMTV related retroviral env transcripts expressed in human tissues. 942 77

Patients with Hodgkin's disease and nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas seem to have an excess risk for other cancers. A high incidence of other cancers has also been found in some series of patients with gastric MALT lymphomas. In a series of 136 patients with gastric MALT lymphomas the occurrence and features of other cancers have been described. In order to evaluate their occurrence statistically (excluding skin cancers) standard incidence ratios (SRI) have been calculated, using the incidence rates of a Cancer Registry in Spain as a reference. A Cox's multivariate proportional hazard model was fitted in order to evaluate the influence of age, sex, histological grade and treatment with chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in the development of other non-skin cancers occurring after the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. Other cancers were detected in 16 of the 136 patients (11.7%); the other cancer was detected prior to MALT gastric lymphoma in 6 patients (4.41%), concomitantly in 4 (2.9%) and after diagnosis of the lymphoma in 6 (4.41%). Other cancers occurred in 14.4% of the male and in 8.3% of the female patients; in 12% of the patients with low grade and in 11% of the patients with high grade lymphomas. Of the 6 cancers that occurred after diagnosis of the gastric lymphoma, 3 did in the 80 patients (3.7%) that had been treated with chemotherapy, 1 in the 3 cases (33%) treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 2 in the 53 patients (3.7%) who had not received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The most frequent other cancers were lymphoid neoplasms and gastric carcinoma. There was not an excess of other cancers in the whole cohort or in the sex or histological grade strata. There was an excess close to significance (SIR =2.59; 95% CI:0.98-6.88) in the patients under 50 years of age. In the Cox's analysis, age, sex, histological grade and treatment did not influence the occurrence of other cancers after the diagnosis of lymphoma. In conclusion, in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma other cancers also occur. An excess incidence was not demonstrated, although it may exist in patients under 50 years. Of special importance is the occurrence of gastric cancer that appears concomitantly or after gastric lymphoma.
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PMID:Other cancers in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. 1019 34

Based on the case report of a 51 year-old patient presenting with a lymphoepithelioma like gastric cancer, we discuss the diagnostic challenge to differentiate this entity from gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since high-level lymphoid stromal reactions are rarely associated with gastric adenocarcinoma, misinterpretation can occur easily. In addition to the lymphoepithelioma like gastric cancer that is often associated with a demonstrable EBV association of the tumor cells, synchronous development of gastric carcinoma and lymphoma must be considered. Establishment of a correct diagnosis requires multiple, deep and multifocally sampled gastric biopsies, and immunohistochemical and molecular techniques to supplement conventional histology. Only through this procedure are correct characterization and classification of these unusual gastric neoplasms possible.
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PMID:[Preoperative classification of malignant stomach tumors]. 1042 60

We describe a case of an acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) associated with t(1;11) (q23;p15), which is a novel simple variant translocation of t(7;11)(p15;p15). The patient was a Japanese man who had a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and received MACOP-B combination chemotherapy. Fifteen months after the completion of the treatment, the patient developed AML (M2), which was regarded as a therapy-related leukemia. Cytogenetic study of bone marrow cells showed t(1;11). Although he achieved complete remission by combination chemotherapy, a relapse of NHL and gastric cancer were revealed in the course of the consolidation chemotherapy for AML. The NHL was considered a histological conversion from follicular lymphoma because lymphoma cells carried t(14;18) (q32;q21) and were strongly positive for BCL2 protein. Translocation (1;11), together with AML having t(7;11) or inv(11) involving 11p15, shows that 11p15 is a common acceptor site of these chromosome aberrations and suggests the significance of the NUP98 gene located in 11p15 in therapy-related leukemia.
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PMID:Translocation (1;11)(q23;p15), a novel simple variant of translocation (7;11)(p15;p15), in a patient with AML (M2) accompanied by non-Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer. 1070 Aug 60

Non-Hodgkin-lymphomas of the stomach are mostly of mucosal origin. The lymphoma derives from the acquired lymphatic tissue due to an infection with helicobacter pylori. Beside the grade of malignancy (low/high grade) the extent of the disease is the basis for therapy. It can be limited to the stomach and the lymph node compartments I and II or disseminated to both sides of the diaphragm. Therefore, pre-therapeutic diagnostic procedures have to cover all these localisations including the bone marrow. In case of a tumor limited to the stomach and of low grade malignancy an eradication therapy is the treatment of choice. More advanced tumors, but only involving stomach and lymph node compartments I and II, should be treated by subtotal or total gastrectomy plus lymphadenectomy according to the gastric cancer standards (D2). After R0-resections no adjuvant radio- or chemotherapy is necessary. R1/2 resections require radio- and/or chemotherapy which are the treatment of choice in a priori advanced stages and/or high grade lymphomas. The total 5 year survival rate is about 60-70%. Gastric lymphomas are an outstanding example of interdisciplinary disease management.
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PMID:[Primary lymphoma of the stomach. An interdisciplinary challenge]. 1082 12

This report by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) reviews, classifies, and grades the scientific literature on cancer chemotherapy in some major tumour types, describes the practice of chemotherapy in Sweden, compares practice with scientific knowledge, and analyses the costs and cost-effectiveness of chemotherapy. The report is intended primarily for decision-makers at various levels, both practitioners and administrators. It is also of interest for the medical profession. The extensive body of scientific literature was reviewed according to strict criteria that reflected the scientific weight of the literature. Sixteen experts representing different disciplines (oncology, surgery, internal medicine, health economy and quality of life research) participated in the literature review. Each section was discussed within the project group and was reviewed by at least one, but usually two international researchers. Additional input was provided by national experts representing different scientific disciplines. For the final evaluation to be as close to the objective truth as possible, a concerted effort was made to guarantee objectivity and thorough assessment of current knowledge about the effects of chemotherapy on the selected cancers. The tumour types selected for this assessment include firstly those types where three investigations had shown an increased use of chemotherapy in Sweden during the latest decade. These were non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer and urinary bladder cancer. Secondly, the two tumour types comprising the greatest number of patients treated with chemotherapy in Sweden, breast cancer and haematological malignancies, were included. Among the haematological malignancies, the most prevalent ones, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the large B-cell type and indolent NHL of follicular type were evaluated. These constitute about 75%, of all haematological malignancies. Thirdly, ovarian cancer was included since chemotherapy has been extensively used and since, at the time of the planning of this overview, a group of very expensive drugs, the taxanes, had preliminarily shown promising results. A wealth of scientific literature has been published on cancer therapy. The review presented in this report is limited to scientific studies judged to be important for evaluating chemotherapy efficacy. Assessments of the content and quality of these studies, and a critical summary of the results in all stages of the selected tumours, have never before been attempted in this way. However, similar comprehensive overviews of certain stages of the tumours have previously been made. These overviews were also critically evaluated. Totally 1,496 studies involving 558,743 patients were reviewed. The survey of practice of chemotherapy use involved all departments of surgery, urology, gynaecology, internal medicine including haematologic units, pulmonary medicine and general and gynaecologic oncology at 16 hospitals in two health care regions in Sweden, covering 39% of the Swedish population. During the 4 weeks of the survey, all patients with the diagnoses concerned who received chemotherapy were registered. The study included 1,590 patients. The working group's general conclusions are summarised in the following points: The literature on the effects of chemotherapy is extensive. Chemotherapy has a well-documented role in the curative and palliative treatment of patients with several types of cancer. The use of chemotherapy is of utmost importance for the possibility of cure in certain tumour types. In other tumours, chemotherapy increases the possibility of cure when added to local and regional treatments, particularly surgery. In the instances of no possibility of cure, chemotherapy may to a variable extent improve both patient survival and well-being. In Sweden chemotherapy is largely used in accordance with that documented in the scientific literature. The extent of both over- and under-treatment seems to be limited but cannot be excluded at the individual patient level. The literature-based knowledge is scientifically of lower quality in the most chemotherapy sensitive tumours than in tumours showing more limited sensitivity. In the more sensitive tumours, positive effects on a symptomatic stage and survival were seen several decades ago. In those days, clinical treatment studies did not fulfil the current high quality requirements. Small life-prolonging effects of chemotherapy are sometimes very well documented in large, high quality scientific studies. Some of these s
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PMID:The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) systematic overview of chemotherapy effects in some major tumour types--summary and conclusions. 1144 27

The genetic and environmental components in 15 common cancers were estimated using the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Tetrachoric correlations were used to describe similarity in cancer liability among family members. Structural equation modeling was used to derive estimates of the importance of genetic and environmental effects. Statistically significant estimates of proportion of cancer susceptibility, accounted for by genetic effects, were obtained for all studied cancers except for leukemia. The estimate was highest in thyroid cancer (53%), followed by tumors at endocrine glands (28%), testis (25%), breast (25%), cervix (22%), melanoma (21%), colon (13%), nervous system (12%), rectum (12%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10%), lung (8%), kidney (8%), urinary bladder (7%), stomach (1%) and leukemia (1%). The estimates of shared environmental effects ranged from 0% (cervix) to 15% (stomach). The childhood shared environmental effects were most important in testicular cancer (17%), stomach cancer (13%) and cervix in situ (13%). Our results indicate that environment has a principal causative role in cancer at all studied sites except for thyroid. The relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at some sites, on the other hand, indicates that even though susceptibility genes have been described at many cancer sites, they are likely to explain only part of the genetic effects.
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PMID:Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. 1197 42


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