Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a third of the cases of childhood ALL in Israel. This high proportion of T-ALL is most probably due to a deficiency in pre-B/common ALL. The T-ALL patients had significantly worse 4-yr survival compared to standard risk or non-T high risk patients. In view of these special epidemiologic and clinical features a study of the immunophenotype of all consecutive cases of T-ALL and T-non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) observed in our medical center was performed. Twenty-eight ALL and 3 NHL patients were studied and their cells characterized using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, TdT reactivity and E-rosette formation. Assays of the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) were also performed. Based on the surface antigen expression, the tumor cells could be classified into one of the three known developmental stages of T cells. It was found that the immunophenotype of the T-ALL cases in Israel was similar to that observed in other countries. Considerable heterogeneity of surface antigen expression was found and in a number of cases the phenotype analysis was not easily reconciled with models of T-cell ontogeny. The activities of ADA and NP were correlated with the developmental stage, as defined by the surface antigenic expression. Contrary to observations on normal T-cells, where ADA activity decreases and NP activity increases as T-cells mature and differentiate, this was not found in the malignant T cells. These findings as well as the existence of atypical immunophenotypes suggest that the leukemic T cell has an abnormal gene expression.
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PMID:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Israel: clinical and laboratory features. 309 94

Clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic data of 32 patients with loss of part of the short arm of chromosome 9 (9p-) are reviewed. There were 20 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), seven non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), three acute myeloid leukemia, one refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and one chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis. The cytogenetic findings were heterogeneous: 13 cases of del(9)(p21), among them four as sole karyotypic change; five cases of del(9)(p12), three of them as sole karyotypic change; four patients with i(9q), three with unbalanced translocations involving 9p12; and seven with unbalanced translocations involving 9p21. In addition, 10 patients showed known specific translocations for determined subgroups of ALL, NHL, and CML. The immunological phenotypes in the 20 ALL patients were common ALL (35%), pre-B-ALL (35%), B-ALL (5%), T-ALL (15%), and null ALL (10%). Three NHL were of T cell origin and the others of B cell origin. No specific association between the karyotypic change, immunophenotype, and clinical presentation could be ascertained for patients with ALL, acute myeloid leukemia, CML in blast crisis, and B-NHL. In T-NHL, three children with deletion of 9p, T immunoblastic lymphoma originating from common thymocyte and presenting with a mediastinal mass and pleural effusion may constitute a definite subgroup with good prognosis. All other cases had a poor outcome. Previously suggested association of 9p- with T-ALL and "lymphomatous features" was not confirmed.
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PMID:Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 9 with partial loss of material in hematological disorders. 331 44

T-cell lymphoblastic malignancy in childhood includes both T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-NHL). There is considerable overlap between these disorders, which probably represent two ends of the same disease spectrum. To determine whether there are radiological differences between T-ALL and T-NHL we reviewed the clinical, haematological and radiological features of 58 children seen in one centre over a 9-year period. Splenomegaly and adenopathy were significantly more common in T-ALL than in T-NHL. Patients with T-ALL were usually anaemic and thrombocytopenic, with elevated white blood cell counts; patients with T-NHL had normal blood counts. The radiological abnormalities seen were mediastinal enlargement, pleural effusions, and tracheal compression. All patients with T-NHL had abnormal chest radiographs, whereas 10 of 39 patients with T-ALL had normal chest radiographs. When only abnormal radiographs were compared, however, there were no differences in the degree of mediastinal widening or in the size of pleural effusions. Tracheal compression was more common in T-NHL and was always most marked in the intrathoracic airway and in an antero-posterior direction. We conclude that there is little difference in the radiological abnormalities seen in T-ALL and T-NHL, which further supports the theory that they represent points along a common spectrum of disease. As airway compression is primarily intrathoracic and in an antero-posterior direction, adequate radiological evaluation should include a lateral chest radiograph.
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PMID:Clinical, haematological, and radiological features in T-cell lymphoblastic malignancy in childhood. 348 37

The characterization of malignant lymphomas with immunological methods (immunophenotyping) is gaining increasing importance in clinical hematology. Immunophenotyping is not only a basis of modern classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (e.g. the Kiel classification), it can also be helpful in the differentiation of lymphomas from epithelial or mesenchymal tumors. The immunological identification of subgroups of acute lymphocytic leukemia (c-ALL, T-ALL and B-ALL) bears significant meaning for differential therapy. Other applications of immunophenotyping of malignant lymphomas in the near future will be the demonstration of receptors for certain lymphokines (e.g. for therapy with interleukin-2 or tumor-necrosis-factor), the detection of specific cell surface antigens (for immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies) and the demonstration of immunological markers for resistance to cytotoxic drugs. A general application of immunophenotyping of malignant lymphomas in clinical hematology will depend on a better standardization of the immunological reagents, a simplification of logistic problems and a significant reduction of the costs.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of immune phenotyping of malignant lymphomas]. 352 Apr 19

Several different techniques have been used for the detection of low numbers of malignant cells in patients with leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, e.g. cytomorphology, cytogenetics, recombinant DNA techniques and immunological marker analysis. The detection limit of most techniques, however, is not lower than 1% (i.e. 1 malignant cell in 100 normal cells). Most immunological markers represent differentiation antigens, which are also expressed by normal cells. Nevertheless, it is possible to use these differentiation antigens for the detection of low numbers of malignant cells, since the occurrence of positive cells outside their normal homing areas can be indicative of malignancy. A useful marker for the detection of low numbers of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells in the cerebrospinal fluid is terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Although TdT positive cells normally occur in low frequencies in bone marrow and blood, the combined detection of TdT and a T cell marker at the single cell level, allows detection of very low numbers of T-ALL cells. The detection limit of this technique is at least 0.01%. Such a low detection limit allows the adjustment of remission and staging criteria as well as the individualization of therapy.
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PMID:[Detection of low numbers of malignant cells in patients with leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma: use of immunological markers]. 352 Sep 46

Review of the records of 243 cases of cytologically diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) revealed pleural effusions in 21 (8.6%). Cytologic examination of pleural fluid was done in 17 cases, of which 16 were reported as positive. Cytologic examination was supplemented with cytochemical staining (acid phosphatase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and periodic-acid-Schiff reactions) and E-rosetting studies in 12 cases. Of the 16 positive cases, 11 were malignant lymphomas consisting of convoluted lymphocytes. Acute lymphatic leukemia of the prothymocytic type (T-ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the T-cell type (T-CLL) comprised one case each, and there were three cases of follicular center cell lymphomas, two of the cleaved-cell type and one of the Burkitt-type. Comparison of the cytomorphology of the tumor cells in the pleural effusion with those in fine needle aspiration smears from the solid tumors in 14 cases showed an identical appearance in 13 cases; in one, the Burkitt-type lymphoma, the cells were larger and more pleomorphic in the pleural effusion. This study indicates that the cytologic diagnosis and categorization of NHL of the convoluted-cell type is greatly enhanced by the study of neoplastic lymphocytes in a pleural effusion.
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PMID:Pleural effusions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A cytomorphologic, cytochemical and immunologic study. 354 91

This study examines the suitability of the intracranial route of transplantation of human cell lines in nude mice for preclinical testing of cytostatic drugs. Tumours were generated by inoculation of human hematopoietic cell lines. Animals in which intramuscularly or intracranially transplanted human tumours developed were treated with cytostatic drugs. Three different cell line generated tumours (T-ALL L735, Hodgkin cell line L540 and Burkitt Lymphoma Line BJAB) were treated with four different drugs (CY, ADM, VCR, VP16). The data show a good correspondence between the results of treatment of intramuscularly and intracranially transplanted tumours. Thus intracranially transplanted tumour in nude mice are suitable for the testing of cytostatic drugs.
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PMID:Intracranial transplantation of human hematopoietic cell lines in nude mice: a preclinical screening model for cytostatic drugs. 356 83

Malignant lymphomas and leukemias are related to maturation stages of distinct subpopulations of hematopoietic or lymphoid cells as defined by immunocytological methods. We first describe various monoclonal antibodies, and the methodology employed in our investigations and report on recent developments in the standardization of these reagents (part 1). The maturation sequence of normal lymphoid cells and their precursors in the bone marrow, thymus and the peripheral lymphoid organs are discussed in part 2. Typical immunomorphological findings in Non Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) are summarized in respect to lymphocytic NHL (CLL, lymphoplasmocytoid NHL, hairy cell and prolymphocytic leukemia, some lymphomas of peripheral T-lymphocytes), to NHL of follicular center cells (centroblastic-centrocytic, centrocytic NHL), to "large cell" NHL (centroblastic, immunoblastic NHL, large cell NHL derived from T-lymphocytes or "lymphomas" of macrophage origin) and to lymphoblastic NHL (derived from T-lymphocytes, pre-B lymphocytes and Burkitt-type). Findings in multiple myeloma are also summarized in part 3. Immunocytological features of the normal Myelo-, Mono-, Erythro- and Thrombopoieses are discussed in part 4. The reactivity of some monoclonal antibodies with precursor cells of these cells (CFU-GM, BFU-e and CFU-e, CFU-M) are also described. Finally we summarized the immune phenotype of acute leukemias (part 5) in respect to acute lymphoid leukemias (cALL, T-ALL, O-ALL, B-ALL), to acute non lymphoid leukemias (M1-M6 type according to the FAB-Classification) and to blastic stages of chronic leukemias.
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PMID:[Immunocytologic diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma: monoclonal antibodies in the differential diagnosis of hematologic neoplasms]. 391 83

In the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the ready characterization of the neoplastic cell lineage by analysis of cell surface markers is of great importance. We present evidence for the existence of a human B-leukemia-associated antigen recognized by a complement-fixing monoclonal antibody (anti-Y 29/55). A hybridoma was produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes of a mouse immunized against lymphoid cells of a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Characterization of anti-Y 29/55-reactive normal and malignant leukocytes was demonstrated by cytolysis and indirect immunofluorescence. This revealed reactivity with an antigen on B-lymphoma cells (11 patients), on leukemic lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (13 patients), and on malignant cells in hairy-cell leukemia (two patients) but not on leukemic cells of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (one patient), on T-lymphoma cells (one patient), on cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (four patients), or of chronic myeloid leukemia (four patients). No specific cytolysis occurred with B- and T-peripheral blood lymphocytes from (a) healthy donors (16 individuals), (b) patient with reactive lymphocytosis (one patient), (c) nonleukemic multiple myeloma (six patients), or (d) Hodgkin's disease (three patients). Surface immunoglobulin-positive, sheep RBC-negative lymphocytes isolated from human spleen (three individuals), tonsils (seven individuals), and lymph nodes (one individual), however, were recognized. It is concluded that leukemic B-cells carry a marker characteristic of nonrecirculating sessile B-lymphocytes.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody against a membrane antigen characterizing leukemic human B-lymphocytes. 617

Reactivity of the monoclonal antibody anti-Leu-10 that detects the human equivalent of the murine 1-A subregion antigen(s) was studied and correlated with anti-HLA-DR expression on 83 cases of acute and chronic leukaemias, leukaemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and seven human cell lines. Peripheral blood and/or bone marrow leukaemic cell suspensions were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for both monoclonal antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry. Leu-10, like HLA-DR, was absent from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (two cases). It was expressed on: 33% of TdT +, CALLA + ALL cases (8/24); 27% (4/15) of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL); 85% (24/28) of HLA-DR + B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); and on 9/14 (64%) B-cell NHL cases. There were no differences in clinical characteristics between Leu-10 + and Leu-10--patient subgroups. We were able to induce Leu-10 expression on 'Josh' cell line by culturing it with 12-0-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Our data indicate that Leu-10 expression on leukaemic cells is more restricted than HLA-DR and is likely to be differentiation related, since it can be induced to be expressed at a later stage than HLA-DR.
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PMID:Leu-10 (HLA-DC/DS) antigen distribution in human leukaemic disorders as detected by a monoclonal antibody: correlation with HLA-DR expression. 637 48


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