Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients developed clinically important portal hypertension with histological features of idiopathic portal hypertension while they were receiving cytotoxic drugs for chronic myeloid leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease. Mild sclerosis of some small portal triads was the only abnormality seen at light microscopical examination in three of the four cases. In the remaining case light microscopical findings seemed to be normal. Two cases examined by electron microscopy showed perisinusoidal fibrosis; in one case this was the only abnormality detected. There is an association between idiopathic portal hypertension and the use of chemotherapeutic agents, particularly thioguanine. Adequate histological examination of liver tissue, including electron microscopic studies, is recommended for patients who develop hepatic problems while receiving cytotoxic treatment to elucidate this problem.
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PMID:Idiopathic portal hypertension associated with cytotoxic drugs. 233 18

Interferons are new and effective agents in the treatment of various haematological neoplasias. Alpha-interferon (natural or recombinant) has a high efficacy (90% response rate) in hairy cell leukaemia. Complete remissions are, however, rare and definite cure of the disease is unlikely. Alpha-interferon induces haematological remissions in about two thirds of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia and leads to a reduction in Philadelphia chromosome in about 40% of patients. It is uncertain, however, whether this treatment will actually prolong the life of these patients as compared with conventional treatment. Alpha-interferon has a beneficial effect in some patients with low malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas (in particular follicular lymphomas). The response rate in myeloma is rather small (20%). Gamma-interferon is not effective in hairy cell leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and myeloma. It is, however, of some efficacy in chronic myeloid leukaemia (the response rate in lower than with alpha-interferon) and possibly has some effect in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. The toxicity of interferons (alpha and gamma) consists of an influenza-like syndrome during the first days of treatment. Low doses of alpha-interferon show virtually no long-term toxicity. However, bone and muscular pain is sometimes dose-limiting with intermediate doses (5 to 15 million units) of alpha-interferon.
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PMID:[Interferon therapy in hematologic neoplasms]. 245 54

The response of granulocyte progenitors (CFU-D) from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), neutrophilic reaction (NR) and healthy subjects to macrophage-derived stimulatory and inhibitory factors was investigated in diffusion chamber culture. CFU-D from CML and NR demonstrated a normal reactivity to macrophage stimulation but were hyporesponsive to indomethacin-sensitive inhibition. It is also shown that the spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease contain locally activated macrophages with higher production of indomethacin-sensitive growth inhibiting factor for autologous CFU-D clonal proliferation.
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PMID:Modulation of human granulopoiesis by macrophage-derived growth regulators. 247 24

Most Hodgkin's mononuclear cells and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells are characterized by the expression of the antigen CD30, but not of T or B cell markers. A few H-RS cells, however, may express a limited number of T or B cell markers. Whether this expression is sufficient to allow the conclusion that H-RS cells are derived from T and/or B cells has been debated vigorously. The present study examined whether CD30 and aberrant T and B cell markers are expressed in cell lines that are well documented as being derived from the granulocyte/monocyte/histiocyte lineage. These cells included HL-60, KG-1, ML-1, THP-1, and U-937. Four other cell lines derived from patients with leukemias/lymphomas of monocytic or granulocytic origins also were studied. These cells included BV173, CML-Brown, CTV-2, and SU-DHL-1. If aberrant expression is detected, by analogy one may expect that rare T or B cell marker expression may occur in H-RS cells, because abundant evidence has indicated that H-RS cells may be related to cells in histiocyte lineage. In all nine of the cell lines studied, it was confirmed that numerous monocyte/granulocyte markers were expressed. The marker expression was enhanced after cells were induced to differentiate with phorbol ester (TPA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It was noted that several T and B cell markers also were expressed by these cells. Unlike the expression of monocyte/granulocyte markers, the expression of T or B cell markers was not affected, or only minimally affected, by treatment of the cells with TPA or TNF. Five of the cell lines (BV173, CML-Brown, CTV-2, SU-DHL-1, and THP-1) were shown to be CD30-positive. In CTV-2 and BV173, the expression of CD30 was greatly increased after induction with phorbol ester or TNF. Based on these studies, the following conclusions were reached: 1) The expression of aberrant B or T cell markers is not an uncommon finding in granulocyte/monocyte/histiocyte-related neoplastic cells. 2) The expression of granulocyte/monocyte markers in these cells is related to the state of cell differentiation, whereas the expression of T or B cell markers is not. 3) CD30 is not necessarily a proliferation-related antigen, and its expression is not a sole property of T or B cells, but can be present in granulocyte/monocyte/histiocyte-related cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Aberrant expression of T cell and B cell markers in myelocyte/monocyte/histiocyte-derived lymphoma and leukemia cells. Is the infrequent expression of T/B cell markers sufficient to establish a lymphoid origin for Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cells? 249 2

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers potentially curable treatment for patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies. However, relapse remains the major cause for failure of autologous BMT in these diseases and of allogeneic BMT in subsets of patients with these diseases. With our current preparative regimens, relapse rates following autologous BMT are over 30% for patients with intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and relapsed Hodgkin's disease in sensitive relapse and over 50% following autologous BMT for patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Relapse rates exceed 80% in patients treated with autologous BMT for non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease in drug-resistant relapse. We also see a relapse rate over 50% in patients given allogeneic BMT for ANLL in second or third remission or early relapse, for ALL in third or subsequent remission or early relapse, and for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in accelerated phase or blast crisis. We have explored two new approaches for improving the anti-tumor activity of our BMT preparative regimens. One involves combining etoposide, a chemotherapeutic agent that has excellent activity against leukemias and lymphomas, has shown synergistic activity with cyclophosphamide in vitro, and can be substantially dose-escalated, with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. The other approach attempts to induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which appears to provide a clinical anti-tumor effect following allogeneic BMT, in recipients of autologous BMT. A syndrome similar to mild GVHD has been reported to occur spontaneously in a small number of patients receiving autologous or syngeneic transplants. GVHD can also be induced in rats undergoing syngeneic BMT by treatment with cyclosporine (CSA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:New conditioning regimens for high risk marrow transplants. 262 18

108 patient over 75 years of age, treated in an internal diseases ward during a five-year period, were studied. 62 of them were with benign blood diseases, the women prevailing. The malignant hemopathies were found more frequently in men than in women, the ratio being 2.83:1. 35 of the patients (76%) were with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 10.8% of the patients were with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Only single patients suffered from chronic myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis and blastic leukemia. The survival of the patients with benign hemopathies was shortened considerably because of the polymorbidity in elderly people. The survival of the elderly patients with malignant hemopathies did not differ from that of the patients from the other age groups.
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PMID:[Benign and malignant hemopathies in elderly patients]. 263 81

We investigated the practical value of antisense RNA/mRNA in situ hybridization for the detection of low level expression of the c-abl oncogene in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This is of clinical relevance, since we recently showed that low level expression of this proto-oncogene mainly occurs in advanced stage disease of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and in cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with progressive course of the disease (Greil R, Gattringer C, Fasching B, Cleveland J, Thaler J, Radaskiewicz T, Gastl G, Huber C, Rapp U, Huber H: Int J Cancer 42:529 1988). When numerous technical parameters were tested for the adaptation of the method, fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde, gelatin coating of the slides, the time concentration product of proteinase K, and the kind of labeling had the greatest impact on results and successful performance of the technique. When the optimized method was applied to the v-abl-transformed NIH 3T3-, the K 562 CML blast cell line and to nine cases of lowly malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas it semiquantitatively discriminated the varying amounts of v-abl, bcr/c-abl and c-abl mRNA expressed within these cells. Parallel analysis with Northern blotting confirmed the specificity of the method and pointed to a very high sensitivity, including the capacity to detect only few c-abl mRNA molecules/cell. An essential advantage of in situ hybridization was the detection of inhomogeneous expression of the c-abl mRNA within subpopulations of the malignant clone. In addition, this technique might be of particular importance when a gene is only weakly expressed on a small fraction of cells which might easily escape the detection by Northern blotting. Immunocytochemical investigation suggested parallel expression of the oncoprotein in six of seven c-abl mRNA positive cases as well as high specificity and sensitivity for the polyclonal and to a lesser extent for one monoclonal antibody. However, because of the high potential of cross-reactivity of anti-oncoprotein antibodies, parallel investigations on the mRNA level should be performed particularly when new anti-oncoprotein antibodies are applied. Our results demonstrate that this can be performed using in situ hybridization, even when the number of mRNA targets is very low.
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PMID:In situ hybridization for the detection of low copy numbers of c-abl oncogene mRNA in lymphoma cells: technical approach and comparison with results with anti-oncoprotein antibodies. 265 1

From 1979 to 1988, 82 allogeneic and 2 syngeneic bone marrow transplants (BMT) were performed in 78 patients (age range 13-49 years) with the following diagnoses: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (21 patients); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (15 patients); chronic myelocytic leukemia in chronic, accelerated, or blastic phase (CML-CP, AP or BC) (25 patients); myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (1 patient); multiple myeloma (MM) (1 patient); Hodgkin's disease (HD) (1 patient); diffuse poorly differentiated lymphoma (DPDL) (1 patient); aplastic anemia (AA) (13 patients). Univariant analyses were carried out to determine factors of importance in predicting outcome. AML patients receiving transplants in remission had 12/19 (63%) survivors. Only one of seven ALL patients receiving transplants in remission survives free of disease, and none of eight patients receiving transplants in relapse survived. Six ALL patients relapsed. In CML, 6 of 16 (40%) patients receiving transplants in CP survive; two of nine patients (22%) in AP or BC survive. Of the 13 aplastic anemias, 8 (62%) survive. Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) was evaluated in 75 patients, 24 of 33 (73%) who developed GVHD died, compared to 24 of 44 (55%) who did not develop GVHD. Of the 30 patients given the combination of methotrexate (MTX) plus cyclosporine (CSP), only 23% developed GVHD, compared to 58% of those not given the combination. Interstitial pneumonia (IP) occurred in 16 patients and was fatal in 15. The introduction of daily acyclovir and weekly intravenous gamma globulin in 1985 was associated with little reduction in the frequency of IP (from 20% to 18%). However, survival increased from 21% to 47%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Factors affecting survival in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 265 45

Twenty-five patients with disseminated cancer (nine with renal cell carcinoma, five with melanoma, three with Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic myelocytic leukemia [CML], two with soft tissue sarcoma, one each with large-cell lymphoma, breast cancer, and colon cancer), 13 males and 12 females, aged 25 to 68, were treated with recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL2) by continuous infusion and adoptive transfer of autologous lymphocytes activated in vitro with IL2. Patients underwent leukapheresis on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of the treatment. Cells, bulk activated for 20 hours in serum-free culture medium with 1,000 U IL2/mL in transfusion transfer packs as culture vessels, were transfused the following day. The infusion of IL2 by continuous infusion for six days started immediately after each adoptive transfer for 4 weekly courses. The dose of IL2 was escalated weekly in each patient; starting doses of IL2 were also escalated in subsequent cohorts of patients until maximally tolerated doses were reached. Nine patients had objective tumor regressions (three with renal cell cancer, two with Hodgkin's lymphoma, and one each with melanoma, sarcoma, breast, and colon cancer). Six responses were partial, two were minor, and one was mixed. Responding patients were maintained with IL2 by continuous infusion for six days every 6 to 8 weeks, without adoptive cell transfer. The median duration of responses was 16 weeks (3 to 60 + weeks). Tumor regression was related to the dose of IL2 (greater than or equal to 3.4 x 10(6) U/m2/d for six days) and to the in vivo lymphoproliferative effects of the lymphokine, but not to the total number of cells adoptively transferred. Side effects of treatment were transient and quickly reversible. Renal, hepatic dysfunction, and dyspnea were directly related to the dose of IL2 and to lymphocytosis. Other toxicities were mild hypotension with mild fluid retention, oral mucositis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, and fatigue.
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PMID:Recombinant interleukin-2 by continuous infusion and adoptive transfer of recombinant interleukin-2-activated cells in patients with advanced cancer. 266 33

Etoposide, an epipodophyllotoxin structurally related to vincristine, is active in solid tumors. Trials of etoposide in hematologic malignancies, particularly leukemia and lymphoma, were initiated in 1973. Subsequent studies indicate that etoposide, either as a single agent or in combination with other drugs, is active in acute myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Etoposide may be effective in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but it is inactive in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The major toxicity of etoposide is myelosuppression. Non-hematologic toxicity is relatively mild at doses up to 2000 mg/m2. This feature favors its use in high dose regimens such as those employed before bone marrow transplantation. Preliminary studies of etoposide in autologous bone marrow transplantation in lymphoma and Hodgkin disease are promising. Studies of high dose etoposide in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or in the context of bone marrow transplantation are in progress.
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PMID:Etoposide in leukemia, lymphoma and bone marrow transplantation. 267 26


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