Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the incomparability in the reporting of leukemia and lymphoma incidence among populations and the relative rarity of these diseases, real differences in rates are discernible from available data. In general, the incidence of each of the leukemias and lymphomas is lower in Japan than in other Pacific rim populations whose rates are known. Particularly striking is the low incidence of CLL in Japan. Among Japanese in Hawaii, rates of some of these cancers (lymphosarcoma, CML) approach those of whites, whereas rates of other cancers (Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, ALL, CLL, and AML) more closely resemble those of native Japanese. The number of Chinese living in countries served by population-based cancer reporting systems is too small for any firm conclusions to be made about leukemia and lymphoma incidence in this group. The incidence of these diseases in certain other nonwhite Pacific rim residents (i.e., Mexican Americans, blacks, and Maoris) is, by and large, similar to that of whites.
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PMID:Geographical variation in the incidence of the leukemias and lymphomas. 29 90

As prognosis has improved over the last several years, an increasing incidence of meningeal involvement has been recognized in adult patients with acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas. In 210 patients evaluated retrospectively, the incidence of meningeal disease was 33% for patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 20% for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 22% for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with an unfavorable histology (NHL), 3% for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and 1% for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In most patients, meningeal involvement appeared several months after diagnosis of acute leukemia, often preceding systemic relapse if bone marrow remission had been achieved before. Prophylactic treatment of the CNS was begun in eight patients with ALL or AML after bone marrow remission was achieved. Of these patients, three with ALL and one with AML were free of disease up to 2 years after diagnosis. Methods, benefits, and risks of prophylactic treatment of the CNS for adult patients are discussed in detail.
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PMID:Meningeal involvement in leukemias and malignant lymphomas of adults: incidence, course of disease, and treatment for prevention. 29 27

A patient who developed an immunoblastic leukemia of T-cell type two and one half years after initial diagnosis of mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease, stage IIIB, is described. The patient's course was characterized by an initial 15-months remission following radiation therapy. A relapse of Hodgkin's disease was treated with intensive chemotherapy. Thirteen months later the patient entered a rapid terminal course with multiple organ infiltrates and a leukemic peripheral blood. The leukemic phase was characterized by a 55,000 WGC with 48% immunoblasts, greater than 90% of which marked as T-cells. Although acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma cell leukemia and other tumors have been described in Hodgkin's disease after intensive therapy, this is the first report of the unusual association of a T-cell immunoblastic leukemia with Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease terminating in a T-cell immunoblastic leukemia. 30 39

The clinical and pathologic findings in six patients with myelogenous leukemia presenting initially as multiple granulocytic tumors of the skin were reviewed. The skin of the trunk was most commonly involved with multiple, confluent erythematous plaques and soft, tender, non-ulcerated, violaceous nodules. Two patients had been treated for malignant lymphoma eight and nine years prior to the onset of skin lesions (Hodgkin's disease and nodular lymphocytic lymphoma, respectively), and cutaneous granulocytic leukemia developed in sites of irradiated skin. The skin biopsies in all cases were originally misinterpreted by the pathologist as malignant lymphoma and the correct diagnosis of granulocytic leukemia was not established in any of the cases until overt extracutaneous involvement was detected. The interval in the six patients from skin biopsy to definite involvement of blood and bone marrow by acute granulocytic leukemia ranged from three weeks to six months with a mean interval of 3.8 months. The mean duration of survival from the diagnosis of extracutaneous dissemination was 12.7 months (range of three months to two and one-half years). Poorly differentiated myelogenous leukemia was demonstrated at postmortem examination in all cases. Cytochemical stains of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues confirmed the granulocytic origin of the neoplasm: leukemic cells in skin biopsies, bone marrow aspirates, and autopsy specimens contained abundant naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase. The findings indicate that granulocytic leukemia may rarely present with skin tumors as the original manifestation of the disease. Recognition of the distinctive clinical, histopathologic, and enzyme histochemical features of the lesion provide a basis for distinguishing granulocytic sarcoma of the skin from mycosis fungoides and other cutaneous malignant lymphomas.
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PMID:Multiple granulocytic tumors of the skin: report of six cases of myelogenous leukemia with initial manifestations in the skin. 32 49

Although cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents play an unquestionably useful role in treating many neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders, there is accumulating evidence that the toxicity associated with their use is considerable. The therapeutic successes obtained with antitumor agents have led to increases in the life span of cancer patients, but have also provided the opportunity for this toxicity to become manifest. A search of the available literature was carried out, with emphasis on cases in which a malignancy developed in patients following chemotherapy for either neoplastic or non-neoplastic (e.g., renal transplantation, psoriasis) conditions; particular focus was given to the incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia in various groups of Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma patients. That patients with nonmalignant conditions treated with cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents are also at increased risk of developing a malignancy raises the possibility that these agents may have oncogenic potential. Therefore, one may be faced with the paradox that the patients benefiting most from chemotherapy may be at highest risk of suffering its consequences.
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PMID:The action of antitumor agents: a double-edged sword? 32 50

Adriamycin is now firmly established as a drug with a very broad spectrum of antitumor activity. It has had a major impact on the therapy of sarcomas. The dose response effect in this tumor is steep and combinations which compromise the dose of adriamycin too greatly are showing inferior results. In lung and breast cancer combinations with adriamycin have been extensively tried. The FAC Regimen in breast cancer has given excellent results at the M.D. Anderson Hospital. The inclusion of adriamycin in combinations has had an impact in the poor prognosis histologies of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The CHOP regimen is one of the best developed to date for diffuse histiocytic lymphomas. In the leukemias adriamycin is probably equivalent to daunorubicin which has been more extensively used in this country. A new analog called Rubidazone has shown good activity in AML with a smooth induction and its incorporation into combination with Ara-C, vincristine and prednisone in a regimen called ROAP is being investigated. Adriamycin in complex with DNA has been clinically evaluated, but at this time, no advantage for this approach can be demonstrated.
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PMID:Adriamycin and other anthracycline antibiotics under study in the United States. 36 Mar 30

VM-26, a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin, was tested for antitumor activity and clinical toxicity in 181 children. The drug was administered iv at weekly intervals, beginning at a dose of 130 mg/2/week. The dose was increased, as tolerated, after 3 and 6 weeks to 150 and 180 mg/m2/week, respectively. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia predominating. Anaphylaxis occurred in one patient. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia (four responses among 15 patients) and neuroblastoma (ten responses among 31 patients). Objective responses were also noted in one patient each with acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, histiocytic lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and sacrococcygeal sarcoma. Further trials of VM-26 in these childhood malignancies are warranted.
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PMID:Phase II study of VM-26 in acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, and other refractory childhood malignancies: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. 38 Aug 3

To estimate the leukemogenic potential of alkylating agents, we surveyed 70 institutions using these drugs for the frequency of second cancers in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Thirteen cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia occurred among 5455 patients, as compared to 0.62 cases expected (relative risk = 21.0). All 13 had received alkylating agents. Nine also received radiotherapy. The relative risk for patients given chemotherapy was 36.1 and rose to 171.4 for those surviving for two years (rate = 13.75 per 1000 patients per year). To evaluate the role of therapy versus underlying disease, a historical control of 13,309 patients with ovarian cancer in the National Cancer Institute's End Results Program was analyzed. No excess of leukemia was noted in this group, even among 6596 women receiving radiation. The excess of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, therefore, appears attribute to alkylating agents, although the effect may be enhanced by exposure to radiation, as previously suggested for Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Acute leukemia after alkylating-agent therapy of ovarian cancer. 40 60

Cytogenetic studies have been performed from four Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, one cell line obtained after successful xenotransplantation of a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line into athymic nude mice, and from ten lymphoblastoid cell lines (three derived from umbilical cord blood cells, one from acute myelogenous leukemia and six from Hodgkin's disease specimens). Our findings indicate the non-neoplastic nature of lymphoblastoid cell lines in spite of their high proliferative activity in vitro and their aneuploidy after long-term cultivation. In contrast, cell lines of Burkitt's lymphoma origin apparently are truly malignant lymphoma cells, characterized by aneuploidy and by the presence of a 14q+-marker chromosome even in the EBV-negative cell lines. The 14q+-marker chromosome, observed in Burkitt's lymphoma as well as in other malignant lymphomas, seems to be related to neoplasia, independent on the presence of EBV. The significance of the aneuploidy for the differentiation between lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cell lines is discussed.
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PMID:The significance of chromosomal findings for the differentiation between lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cell lines. 58 Feb 53

In nonmalignant disease, there have been two mechanisms implicated in the association of HLA antigens with disease. In ankylosing spondylitis, evidence is accumulating for cross tolerance between a bacterial antigen and the HLA-B27 antigen; while in the autoimmune diseases, the involvement of an abnormal immune response gene, associated with A1/B8 haplotype, is strongly suspected. The same haplotype has also been associated with recovery from hepatitis B infection and survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease and acute myeloid leukaemia. At present, there are no techniques to study directly immune response genes in man and so these observations are still strictly academic. However, with increasing interest in the use of immunotherapy in cancer and the demonstration in mice that the major histocompatibility system may be the site of action of soluble mediators of immune memory, understanding the mechanisms of action of the HLA associated resistance factors may enable a more rational approach to immunotherapy in man.
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PMID:The HLA system and immunological defence against cancer: a review. 63 42


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