Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among a cohort of 981 children who were followed up 4.3-26.5 years after cessation of antileukemic therapy, eight patients in remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed a distinctively new malignant disease. The second malignant neoplasms (SMN) included brain tumors, basal cell carcinomas, thyroid cancer, leiomyosarcoma and finally rhabdomyosarcoma in a patient who also had suffered from Hodgkin's disease while still on antileukemic treatment. Cranial radiation had been given to 58.4% of the patients in the study group, which consisted of 895 ALL patients who had completed various chemotherapy protocols. With one exception, the SMN appeared after 7.5-16.5 years at a location previously exposed to radiotherapy (RT). The estimated cumulative risk of SMN appearing within 20 years after diagnosis was 2.9%, and the corresponding risk for cases with RT was 8.1% compared to 0.3% for those without (p = 0.05). In a Cox regression analysis, the incidence rate ratio of SMN between patients with and without RT was 6.7 (95% CI = 0.8, 57.7). Based on age-, year- and sex-specific cancer incidence figures for Norway, the overall standardized incidence rate ratio (SIR) of SMN after treatment for ALL was 5.9 (95% CI = 2.2, 12.9). The number of brain tumors among patients who had received cranial radiation was nearly 27 times greater than expected, whereas no such tumors were seen after chemotherapy. Individuals treated for childhood ALL are at increased risk of a new malignancy, and this seems mainly to be associated with previous irradiation.
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PMID:Second malignant neoplasms in patients treated for childhood leukemia. A population-based cohort study from the Nordic countries. The Nordic Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (NOPHO). 178 95

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a third of the cases of childhood ALL in Israel. This high proportion of T-ALL is most probably due to a deficiency in pre-B/common ALL. The T-ALL patients had significantly worse 4-yr survival compared to standard risk or non-T high risk patients. In view of these special epidemiologic and clinical features a study of the immunophenotype of all consecutive cases of T-ALL and T-non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) observed in our medical center was performed. Twenty-eight ALL and 3 NHL patients were studied and their cells characterized using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, TdT reactivity and E-rosette formation. Assays of the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) were also performed. Based on the surface antigen expression, the tumor cells could be classified into one of the three known developmental stages of T cells. It was found that the immunophenotype of the T-ALL cases in Israel was similar to that observed in other countries. Considerable heterogeneity of surface antigen expression was found and in a number of cases the phenotype analysis was not easily reconciled with models of T-cell ontogeny. The activities of ADA and NP were correlated with the developmental stage, as defined by the surface antigenic expression. Contrary to observations on normal T-cells, where ADA activity decreases and NP activity increases as T-cells mature and differentiate, this was not found in the malignant T cells. These findings as well as the existence of atypical immunophenotypes suggest that the leukemic T cell has an abnormal gene expression.
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PMID:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Israel: clinical and laboratory features. 309 94

Improved survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia has led to the occurrence of second malignancies in these patients. Hodgkin's disease is very rare as a second malignancy. We report three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission who developed Hodgkin's disease. Although all had received low-dose irradiation, none received alkylating agents as part of their chemotherapy. Review of our cases and of 11 reported in the literature revealed unique aspects of this association. There was a short median interval of 19 months to the development of the second malignancy. Over one-third of the patients had uncommon sites of involvement (lung, tonsil, small bowel). The distribution of histologic subtypes was unusual, as 5 of 14 cases had lymphocyte depletion or unclassifiable Hodgkin's disease. The results of therapy were excellent. Our three patients are alive, with both malignancies in continuing remission. Two patients are off all therapy for 4 and 6 years, respectively. The third remains on antileukemic treatment. Secondary Hodgkin's disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia does not appear to have a poor prognosis and long-term survival and possible cure of both diseases may be achieved.
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PMID:Secondary Hodgkin's disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 346 68

Nineteen second malignant neoplasms (SMN)2 occurring after successful treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are reported from the Federal Republic of Germany. Eighteen children were diagnosed as having ALL within a ten-year period, in which the total number of newly diagnosed ALL was about 5600 in this country. The incidence of a SMN following childhood ALL is calculated to be 2% after a 4-14 years' follow-up period. Of the 19 SMN, 7 are Hodgkin's disease, 1 malignant histiocytosis, 3 thyroid carcinomas, 3 brain tumours, and 5 other solid neoplasms. Second leukaemias were not observed. Immunoregulatory dysfunction, genetic influences and irradiation are the factors which have etiologically been discussed. Chemotherapy seems not to play a major role in the development of SMN after ALL.
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PMID:Nonleukaemic second malignancies following childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia. A report of 19 cases from the Federal Republic of Germany. 386 39

The childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are histologically, immunologically, and clinically a heterogeneous group of diseases. Recent advances in our understanding of NHL have demonstrated the similarities between childhood NHL and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Treatment strategies utilizing systemic chemotherapy and modeled after successful treatment programs for ALL have resulted in a dramatic improvement in prognosis for children with NHL, and the majority of affected children are now curable.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. 388 3

Hodgkin's disease as a second malignancy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is of rare occurrence, with the first such case having only recently been described. The therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia may alter the pattern of presentation of Hodgkin's disease and its histology, making diagnosis difficult. In this report we discuss the clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural findings of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission who had pulmonary involvement as an unusual initial presentation of Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 657 59

Twentynine children with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) were treated between 1974 and 1977 with a protocol based on those used for childhood ALL. 76% of patients had advanced disease by Ann Arbor criteria. All tumours had Rappaport's diffuse histology. 19 patients (65%) achieved complete remission, 14 (65%) remained alive and disease free beyond 42 months from diagnosis. 10 patients failed to enter complete remission, of whom all died. 7 patients relapsed; 5 died, 2 remain disease free and off treatment at 19 and 29 months. Comparison with a historic group of 20 consecutively treated children shows improved survival (P less than 0.01). 18 controls died. Histology was reviewed using the Kiel classification and staging according to Murphy's criteria. These are compared with the methods used initially. The improved outlook for children with NHL using intensive multiple drug regimes and cranial prophylaxis is confirmed. In staging childhood NHL, Murphy's criteria, which take into account the natural history of the disease, have greater prognosis value. Histology and pattern of outcome of the disease suggest basic differences between primary abdominal and primary mediastinal and nodal disease. This is now being confirmed with immunological typing and will be reflected in the development of future protocols.
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PMID:The long-term outlook for children treated for non-Hodgkin lymphomas. A report of the Children's Solid Tumour Group. 732 96

The Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC) represents a collaborative effort among member companies to facilitate the conduct of clinical trials on AIDS drugs. One of the goals of the ICC is to expedite the development of combination antiretroviral therapy through data and compound sharing. Recently, the ICC formed a consensus master protocol to evaluate rapidly the safety and efficacy of triple-drug combinations of antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV-infected patients. This concept builds upon historical work with combination chemotherapy that resulted in treatments to successfully control chronic immunosuppressive, infectious or malignant diseases, such as tuberculosis, leprosy, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Because of limitations on potency and the continuing emergence of drug resistance seen with use of currently available antiretroviral agents in monotherapy and two-drug combination regimens, triple-combination regimens should represent a more promising approach to maximize antiviral activity, maintain long-term efficacy, and reduce the incidence of drug resistance. The ICC master protocol is a randomized, controlled, double-blind study with a treatment duration of 52 weeks. Patients eligible to enroll in this study must have documented HIV infection, with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3, and no history of antiretroviral therapy. The first four triple-drug combinations will be evaluated in two trials. These regimens have been selected based on encouraging data from laboratory and clinical studies. Each ICC trial will consist of three arms, with 75 patients per arm. Protocol ICC 001 will include AZT + zalcitabine (ddC) + saquinavir, AZT + ddC + nevirapine, and AZT + ddC as the control arm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Inter-Company Collaboration Combination Trials. Clinical Trial Subcommittee of the Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development. 755 20

Recovery of natural killer (NK) cells after cessation of chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and solid tumors was investigated in 25 children aged 3 to 18 years. The numbers of CD3-CD56+, CD16+, and CD8-CD57+ cells in peripheral blood were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after discontinuation of therapy. The CD3-CD56+ and CD16+ cell counts of ALL patients (n = 14) were below the mean -1 SD values of controls at cessation but normalized within one month due to a rapid 2.1 and 4.5 fold increase, respectively. The CD8-CD57+ cell count of ALL patients was normal compared to controls at cessation. In solid tumor patients (n = 11), the counts of all NK cell phenotypes studied were of normal amount compared to controls at cessation and no vigorous increase occurred after the therapy. NK cell function was determined by killing K 562 target cells in five patients. In the two standard risk ALL patients tested, the activity was still low at 5 months after therapy. In contrast, the function was normal at 1 month (Wilms' tumor), 3 months (Mb Hodgkin's) and 6 months (Burkitt lymphoma). In conclusion, NK cell counts were decreased compared to controls during therapy for ALL, but recovered rapidly afterwards. In spite of normal counts, NK cell function may be impaired for several months. The number and function of NK cells is less affected in solid tumor patients. These differences may reflect the milder immunosuppressive effect of interval cytostatic medication in solid tumor patients when compared to the more intensive continuous therapy in ALL patients.
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PMID:Recovery of natural killer cells after chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and solid tumors. 771 43

To evaluate the incidence of second malignant tumors in a cohort of subjects previously treated for childhood cancer, we analyzed data from the Off-Therapy Registry (OTR) of the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, which collects information on children treated for Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute non-lymphatic leukemia and who had been removed from treatment in the absence of clinical signs of disease, i.e. the off-therapy stage. Second malignant tumors (SMT), diagnosed before December 31, 1988, were identified through a special enquiry to the 36 institutions cooperating in the registry. Observed cases were compared to expected numbers estimated from age- and sex-specific incidence rates derived from the Cancer Registry of the Province of Varese. In a total of 3,310 study subjects, 27 SMTs have been registered. The Cumulative Risk (CR) of SMT was 2.9% 15 years after the end of treatment and the Standard Incidence Ratio (SIR) was 10.8. The ALL sub-cohort had the highest risk of SMT (SIR 13.6) and 9 cases of CNS tumor occurred in this group (SIR 58.9). All 9 had received prophylactic cranial radiotherapy (CRT) and 5 had been treated on one protocol, characterized by low-dose intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX) given monthly for 2 years after CRT. The Off-Therapy Registry has unique criteria for inclusion; direct comparisons with similar studies are therefore somewhat problematic. However, our data suggest that the risk of SMT in childhood ALL cancer survivors may be greater than previously reported, and that CNS tumors are the most common SMT in this group. The administration schedule of IT MTX may be an important risk factor.
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PMID:Second malignant tumors after elective end of therapy for a first cancer in childhood: a multicenter study in Italy. 796 Feb 10


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