Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cultures of blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Varicella zoster antigen (VZA) produced specific anti-VZA antibody in 20 of 27 normal adults but only 10 of 47 patients with treated Hodgkin's disease. Serum anti-VZA antibody levels were the same in normals and patients. The deficiency of in vitro production was found in patients who had been off treatment for 6 or more years and was not related to splenectomy. Each of 11 untreated patients had absent in vitro production from blood cells but spleen cultures produced antibody readily. Using combinations of autologous spleen and blood cells, the defect was attributable to the blood B cells. Defective production was also found in response to influenza viruses and herpes simplex. We suggest that an abnormality in B cell circulation with localization of antibody producing B cells in spleen and lymph nodes, is a feature of treated and untreated Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Defective in vitro antibody production to Varicella zoster and other virus antigens in patients with Hodgkin's disease. 630 43

We measured serum concentrations of immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses in 53 patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin's disease and in 10 healthy adults. We wished to determine the relation of these classes and subclasses to the subjects' antibody responses to bacterial polysaccharide and viral protein antigens. Mean levels of the IgG-2 subclass were significantly lower in patients treated with both radiation and chemotherapy than in controls (P less than 0.05). The level of IgG-2 before immunization correlated directly with the mean antibody response both to 11 pneumococcal antigens (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001) and to the Haemophilus influenzae Type b antigen (r = 0.40, P less than 0.01). The correlation between IgG-2 concentration and pneumococcal antibody response was also significant in the 10 healthy adults ( r = 0.70, P less than 0.05). The levels of no immunoglobulin class or subclass correlated significantly with antibody responses to influenza A/Victoria/75 and A/New Jersey/76 hemagglutinins, both of which are protein antigens. The serum concentration of IgG-2 appears to provide a marker for predicting the ability to produce antibodies to polysaccharide, but not viral protein, antigens.
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PMID:Correlation between serum IgG-2 concentrations and the antibody response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. 696 63

We examined the antibody response of patients with Hodgkin's disease to a variety of vaccines to formulate guidelines for immunization. During and after treatment for Hodgkin's disease, both pre- and postimmunization levels of antibody to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type b, and tetanus toxoid antigens were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Impairments in the antibody response were most severe in intensively treated patients and improved as the interval between treatment and immunization increased. The primary, but not the secondary, antibody responses to the hemagglutinins of the influenza virus A/Victoria/75 and A/New Jersey/76 also were impaired in treated patients. Before treatment antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccine was normal regardless of the stage of disease unless treatment began within 10 days of immunization. Levels of antibody decreased during therapy in proportion to the intensity of treatment but remained higher than levels in comparably treated patients who were not immunized at diagnosis. We recommend that patients with Hodgkin's disease receive pneumococcal vaccine at diagnosis at least 10 days before initiation of treatment. Patients who are treated before immunization may be immunized several months after treatment, although the response of heavily treated individuals to vaccination may be marginal. More studies are needed to determine whether reimmunization of patients initially immunize at diagnosis is safe and effective.
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PMID:Antibody response of patients with Hodgkin's disease to protein and polysaccharide antigens. 728 Apr 45

The effect of rhIL-3 was investigated in 32 patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a phase I/II trial. All patients received 6 cycles of standard CHOP chemotherapy, and each patient was his own control where rhIL-3 was given as a daily s.c. injection for 14 days (day 2-15) in cycle 2 and 4, while cycle 1 and 3 were control cycles. Five dose levels were examined (0.5 - 1 - 5 - 7.5 - 10 micrograms/kg). Compared to the other more lineage-specific hemopoietic growth factors G- and GM-CSF, the effect of rhIL-3 on the hemopoiesis was less dramatic and more delayed, i.e. the most apparent effect was observed in the 2 weeks of treatment. Thus, the neutrophil counts from days 15 to 22 following CHOP were significantly raised and the duration of neutropenia was shorter (significantly only at 10 micrograms/kg), while the nadir values were unaffected. Platelet recovery from days 12-22 was significantly increased and nadir values occurred earlier compared to control cycles, but were only increased in some subsets. Other cell populations affected moderately in the recovery period were eosinophils and monocytes. Reticulocytes increased, but no effect on hemoglobin or RBC transfusion requirement was noted. Only moderate adverse reactions occurred such as fever, chills, flushing of the face and flu-like symptoms. There was no evidence of stimulation of tumor growth. Most significant, the rhIL-3 treatment at all but the lowest dose levels led to an improved tolerance to chemotherapy, as indicated by a decline in number of delayed cycles. A conclusion concerning the role of rhIL-3 as post-chemotherapy adjuvant should await studies using rhIL-3 in combination with more lineage-restricted hemopoietic growth factors.
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PMID:Effects of interleukin-3 following chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A prospective, controlled phase I/II study. 769

T helper cell (TH) function, as assessed by interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and [3H]thymidine incorporation, was studied in 47 newly diagnosed untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 34 healthy controls. Three different stimuli were used to stimulate in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC): influenza A vaccine (FLU), HLA alloantigens (ALLO) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Four different patterns of TH function were observed in HD patients: (1) IL-2 production in response to all of the stimuli (40%); (2) IL-2 production in response to ALLO and PHA but not to FLU (26%); (3) IL-2 production in response to PHA alone (19%); and (4) failure to respond by IL-2 production to any of the three of the stimuli (15%). Thus, defective in vitro TH function was detected in the majority of these patients (60%). Defective TH function was observed in none of the 34 controls. Severely compromised TH function (patterns 3 and 4) tended to be associated with more advanced clinical presentation and more compromised haematological parameters (P < 0.05). The IL-2 production assay was more sensitive than the proliferative assay as only 30% of the HD patients failed to proliferate in response to FLU, and none failed to proliferate in response to either ALLO or PHA; this assay can detect subtle, multiple patterns of immune dysregulation in untreated HD patients. Our results suggest that HD is associated with a fundamental dysregulation in TH function, illustrate the complexity of such dysregulation, and raise the possibility that HD progression will be associated with a type-1-type-2 switch in immunoregulatory cytokine production.
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PMID:Multiple defects of T helper cell function in newly diagnosed patients with Hodgkin's disease. 783 3

19 patients with advanced cancer were entered into a phase I study of recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhu IL-4). The predominant clinical side-effects included flu-like symptoms, gastrointestinal upset, lethargy and transient hypotension. In addition, there were several cases of capillary leak syndrome. 2 cases of gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurred; this was life threatening in 1 patient. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 400 micrograms/m2/day. Biochemical toxicity was limited to asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes suggesting IL-4 induced liver damage. Pharmacokinetic analysis following the intravenous bolus injection has shown that IL-4 is rapidly cleared (mean T1/2 = 19 +/- 8.7 min) from a small compartment (mean Vd = 4.9 +/- 3.68 l) probably indicating that IL-4 is retained in the systemic circulation or at most the extracellular fluid volume. 2 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) showed a transient response to IL-4 whilst a third patient with NHL showed transient disease progression.
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PMID:Recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhu IL-4) administered by the intravenous and subcutaneous routes in patients with advanced cancer--a phase I toxicity study and pharmacokinetic analysis. 839 97

Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a multipotent hematopoietic growth factor, which exhibits stimulatory effects on leucocytes, reticulocytes and platelets. Due to its pronounced induction of megakaryopoiesis, IL-3 is thought to be a cytokine with the potential to prevent and to overcome chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. We report on four cases (two of metastatic breast cancer, one of metastatic ovarian cancer and one of Hodgkin's disease) with prolonged chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in whom rhIL-3 in combination with either recombinant human (rh) granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or rh granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was administered. In all cases, a steady and clinically significant increase in platelet counts could be observed. No major side effects, neither due to the application of rhIL-3 nor due to rhGM-CSF or rhG-CSF, occurred; only flu-like symptoms were seen, which could effectively be treated with paracetamol. This report highlights the efficacy of combined treatment with rhIL-3 plus rhGM-CSF or rhG-CSF in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, where megakaryopoiesis could be stimulated efficiently by rhIL-3. Based on this experience, the authors conclude that established thrombocytopenia as a major side effect of myelosuppressive chemotherapy should be considered as an indication for the use of rhIL-3 in interventional treatment. Further investigations in this area are encouraged.
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PMID:Treatment of prolonged chemotherapy induced severe thrombocytopenia with recombinant human interleukin-3--a report on four cases. 909 35

The majority of responses produced in patients with low-grade lymphomas are unique among non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), and even with a more intensive chemotherapy regimen, they are only partial; the very few complete responses which are induced are usually of short duration and do not influence overall survival. There is, therefore, a need for new approaches to the management of low-grade NHLs. Studies are currently in progress to assess the potential benefits in the treatment of NHL offered by new drugs, including fludarabine, idarubicin and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. In order to evaluate idarubicin in combination with purine analogs, we used a combination of fludarabine and idarubicin, called the FLU-ID regimen, to treat 10 patients with recurrent low-grade NHL. Of the 10 patients, 2 (20%) achieved complete response, 5 (50%) partial response, and the remaining 3 showed no benefit from the treatment. The 2 CR patients are still in remission after 12 and 14 months, respectively. The median duration of overall survival of all patients was 18 months. These results indicate the efficacy of the FLU-ID regimen in inducing a good remission rate with moderate side effects in recurrent low-grade NHL. On the basis of this pilot study, we planned a cooperative randomized trial for untreated patients.
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PMID:Idarubicin in low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 940 50

Extensive research to trace the cause of Hodgkin's disease to a bacterial or protozoan agent has proven fruitless. Although a viral cause for Hodgkin's disease has been previously suggested, early explorations along that line have not been confirmed. With the development of newer techniques for the study of viral characteristics certain apparently significant factors in Hodgkin's disease have been encountered. Most promising has been the consistent demonstration that Seitz-filtered, sterile Hodgkin's disease lymph node extract can be passed serially in fertile chicken eggs and that the amniotic fluid from these eggs possesses the capacity to interfere with the growth of influenza virus in eggs.
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PMID:A review of the literature on the etiology of Hodgkin's disease. 1480 23

Infections were examined as possible risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a population-based case-control study in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Incident cases (n = 694) had no history of HIV infection or transplantation. Controls (n = 694) were randomly selected from electoral rolls and frequency matched to cases by age, sex, and area of residence. A postal questionnaire and telephone interview measured history of specific infections, occupational exposures, and behavioral and other risk factors for infection. Blood samples were tested for antibodies to human T-lymphotrophic virus type I and hepatitis C virus. Logistic regression models included the three matching variables and ethnicity. There was no association between risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and any of the variables analyzed, including sexually transmitted infections, sexual behavior, blood transfusions, influenza, acne, and either occupational or domestic exposure to zoonotic infections. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk was nonsignificantly elevated (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-11.51) for those with a history of injecting drug use. Three cases and two controls (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-7.98) tested positive to hepatitis C virus infection and none tested positive to human T-lymphotrophic virus type I/II infection. This study provides consistent evidence that sexually transmitted infections and zoonoses are not risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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PMID:Specific infections, infection-related behavior, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. 1677 66


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