Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences in various clinical samples, especially peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and serum, was carried out and the results obtained were compared with specific EBV serology. One hundred seventy patients were enrolled in the study: 89 healthy blood donors, 22 asymptomatic patients, 36 individuals with primary EBV infection (including 19 patients with infectious mononucleosis [IM]), 22 HIV-infected subjects (including 4 with hairy oral leukoplakia, 3 with central nervous disorders, and 15 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). All the serum samples from the healthy blood donors were negative. In patients with IM and in AIDS-non Hodgkin's lymphoma (ARNHL), PCR was strongly positive in leukocytes (> 2,000 genome equivalents/10(4) cells), which was correlated with detectable amounts of EBV DNA in serum. The overall positivity rate of PCR in serum was 58.8%, 68%, and 73% of cases for non-IM primary EBV infections, IM, and ARNHL, respectively. In two cases of EBV primary infection, the viral DNA was detected in serum, respectively 1 month and 2 months before IgM positivity and IgG rise. In one case of ARNHL followed up for several months, PCR (viral load of 2,000 genome equivalents/10(4) cells) became positive concurrently with appearance of lymphoma. In immunocompromised individuals, PCR EBV, if carried out in larger prospective studies, could be considered as a tumor marker, useful for predicting EBV-driven lymphoma and follow-up therapy.
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PMID:Measurement by the polymerase chain reaction of the Epstein-Barr virus load in infectious mononucleosis and AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 762 9

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes genes that permit its persistence in human B lymphocytes and genes that ensure its replication in epithelial cells. Immune restraints on the virus are usually so effective that most EBV infections are limited to a minute fraction of B lymphocytes and of epithelial cells. As a result, most EBV infections are never symptomatic. Occasionally, the virus causes disease, often with the cooperation of the immune system or other less characterized cofactors. Infectious mononucleosis, a generally self-limited lymphoproliferative illness common in adolescents and young adults, is due to primary EBV infection and to the brisk cellular immune response it elicits. Lymphoproliferative disorders of EBV-infected B cells arise almost exclusively when cellular immunity is grossly compromised. EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma contain a translocated and deregulated c-myc oncogene and EBV-positive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg's and Hodgkin's cells, features that have not been directly linked to EBV. Many recent observations, however, including evidence that virus infection precedes malignant transformation and is often associated with a characteristic pattern of viral gene expression, provide continued interest in the relationship between the virus and these haematological malignancies.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus as an agent of haematological disease. 766 46

Plasma levels of soluble CD8 (sCD8) and soluble CD4 (sCD4) in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and hematological disorders were studied. In IM patients, a marked increase in sCD8 (22, 366 +/- 2,702U/ml, control: 219 +/- 10U/ml, p < 0.0001) and significant increase in sCD4 (19.3 +/- 0.9, control: 8.1 +/- 0.2, p < 0.0001) strongly suggest activation of both CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes, which is important in restraining Epstein-Barr virus-infected B lymphocytes. We showed that the elevation of plasma sCD8 is due to expansion of CD8+ subset as well as increased sCD8 release from each CD8+ cell. Increased sCD4 release from CD4+ lymphocytes was also seen. During convalescence sCD8 and sCD4 levels showed progressive decrease; however, even at 60-120 days after onset the levels of sCD8 and sCD4 remained higher than normal, suggesting prolonged lymphocyte activation. In hematological malignancies, elevated serum levels of sCD4 and sCD8 were found in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), acute lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Levels of sCD4 and sCD8 in patients with NHL reflect disease status and are useful in monitoring disease activity.
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PMID:[Soluble lymphocyte antigens in hematological diseases]. 778 31

Human herpesvirus-6 is a lymphotropic virus which infects susceptible individuals during the first year of life and usually causes life-long latency. In a variable percentage primary infections are followed by a short acute disease, exanthema subitum. Older individuals may suffer from infectious mononucleosis-like illnesses or from Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease. In addition, there is a fairly wide spectrum of lymphoid and hematopoietic diseases or autoimmune disorders, which are associated with elevated titers of HHV-6 antibody, and from which replicating virus may be isolated. Such diseases include atypical polyclonal lymphoproliferation, Hodgkin's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. The present article reviews the current knowledge of such associations.
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PMID:Clinical correlates of infection with human herpesvirus-6. 789 74

Three families with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease were studied. Affected males clinically presented with severe or fatal infectious mononucleosis, acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, hypergammaglobulinaemia M, and malignant lymphoma including Hodgkin disease. Haplotype analysis using various DNA markers from Xq25-q27 allowed the prediction of the carrier status in females and identification of the XLP status in asymptomatic males.
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PMID:Molecular genetic haplotype segregation studies in three families with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. 791 89

We report a case of severe and fatal aplastic anemia during an episode of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection. The 13-year-old female patient had shown normal hematological findings and had previously undergone repeated chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHL). She was probably in an immuno-suppressed condition prior to this episode of infection. The possible causal relationship of the EB virus infection in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia was documented by the clinical course, demonstration of EB virus genome in the bone marrow cells, and an elevated plasma interferon (IFN)-gamma level.
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PMID:Fatal aplastic anemia caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. 794 35

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with an increasing range of reactive and neoplastic lesions. There is a need for a sensitive and specific method for detecting latent EBV in routine histological sections. We report the use of a highly sensitive paraffin section RNA/RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) technique using digoxigenin-labelled antisense riboprobes for demonstrating EBV encoded small RNAs (EBERs), EBV gene products that are transcribed in abundance during latent EBV infection. We applied EBER-ISH to 846 paraffin embedded specimens, including cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 28), infectious mononucleosis (16), Burkitt's lymphoma (44), immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas in transplant recipients (9) and AIDS patients (128), Hodgkin's disease (130), CD30 antigen positive lymphomas (106), peripheral T-cell lymphomas (104), sporadic B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (162), undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (86), salivary gland lymphoepithelioma (11), and oral hairy leukoplakia (5). Strong, reproducible EBER staining was seen in EBV latently infected cells in archival surgical biopsy and autopsy specimens. EBER-ISH is specific, has a sensitivity comparable to that of the polymerase chain reaction, and is now the method of choice for the in situ detection of latent EBV infection.
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PMID:Detection of Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs in routine paraffin sections using non-isotopic RNA/RNA in situ hybridization. 798 72

In this study, we have sequenced the C-terminal part of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-BNLF-1 gene encoding for the latent membrane protein-1 from tissues of EBV-positive Danish Hodgkin's disease (HD) and of Danish and Malaysian peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTLs) and from tonsils of Danish infectious mononucleosis (IM). Our study showed that some of the 7 single-base mutations and the 30-bp deletion previously detected between codons of amino acid 322 and 366 in the BNLF-1 gene of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CAO were present in all Malaysian PTLs and in 60% of the Danish PTLs. In HD and the IM cases, the mutations were present in about 30%. The 30-bp deletion and the single base mutations occurred independently, and mutations were detectable in the majority of EBV type B-positive cases. These findings suggest that the 30-bp deletion and the 7 single-base mutations in the C-terminal part of the CAO-BNLF-1 gene do not characterize a new EBV type A substrain. Rather, some of the positions of single base mutations and the 30-bp deletion are hot spots that may have mutated independently through the evolution of EBV strains.
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PMID:Identification of potential hot spots in the carboxy-terminal part of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BNLF-1 gene in both malignant and benign EBV-associated diseases: high frequency of a 30-bp deletion in Malaysian and Danish peripheral T-cell lymphomas. 799 23

Reactive immunoblastic proliferations may be confused with certain types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease on morphologic grounds. In addition, a characteristic antigen, CD30 (Ki-1; BerH2) on these neoplastic entities may be observed in morphologically atypical yet reactive florid immunoblastic proliferations such as those associated with acute infectious mononucleosis. Although it has been documented, a large series determining the frequency and extent of CD30 antigen expression on a variety of nonneoplastic immunoblastic proliferations is lacking. The authors studied 14 florid immunoblastic proliferations (9 in lymph nodes and 5 in tonsils) for CD30 antigen expression and for B- and T-cell paraffin markers. In situ hybridization to determine the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes also was performed. Cases were classified into monospot-positive acute infectious mononucleosis (4 cases), EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder suggestive of acute infectious mononucleosis (5 cases), and other etiologies (5 cases). CD30 Antigen expression was found on the immunoblasts in cases from all three categories and overall in 9 (64%) of 14 specimens. CD30 reactivity in the positive cases varied from occasional to numerous positive cells; 4 samples (3 EBV-related lymphoid proliferations and 1 vaccine-related lymphadenopathy) had numerous CD30-reactive immunoblasts. Expression of CD30 antigen on B or T cells and prominence of B or T cells within a proliferation were variable. Significant "atypia" of immunoblasts was found only in EBV-related disorders and correlated with B-cell prominence of the infiltrate. Appropriate clinical correlation and ancillary laboratory data are necessary to assist in differentiating these CD30(+)-reactive disorders from similar-appearing malignant lymphomas. Most important, a fresh tissue sample should be procured and adequately processed to allow for comprehensive determination of clonality and cellular lineage.
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PMID:CD30 antigen expression in florid immunoblastic proliferations. A clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. 808 51

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis in normal adolescents and malignant B lymphocyte proliferation in immune compromised patients, in marmosets, or upon transfer of infected human B lymphocytes into SCID mice. EBV is also etiologically associated with African Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's Disease, and nasopharyngeal cancer. EBV transformed, latently infected B lymphocytes contain EBV episomes and eight virus encoded proteins. Six are nuclear proteins (EBNAs) and two are the integral membrane proteins, LMP1 and LMP2. These eight proteins are presumed to mediate latent virus infection or B lymphocyte proliferation and are thus under intense scrutiny. Besides EBNA1, which is required for episome maintenance, LMP1 and LMP2, are the two transformation associated proteins that are most consistently detected in EBV related malignancies, and the LMP2 message is the only message detected in PCR analysis of B lymphocytes from individuals harboring EBV latent infections. LMP2 associates with src family tyrosine kinases, a 70 kda cell phosphoprotein, LMP1 and several other unidentified cell proteins. LMP1 is a key mediator of EBV's effects on inducing B lymphocyte activation and adhesion molecules and is a transforming oncogene in rodent fibroblasts. The association of these two EBV encoded membrane proteins could create a macromolecular complex mediating constitutive B lymphocyte activation through normal cell signal transduction pathways. LMP2 might may control activation of lytic replication or down regulate the activation state of EBV infected cells allowing persistence in the human host.
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PMID:Biochemical and genetic studies of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2. 815 3


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