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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several inflammatory processes can cause nodules or swelling in the neck. A complete physical examination and, usually, laboratory testing are required to establish the diagnosis. Common infections include cervical lymphadenitis and tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease, infection in the neck spaces, infectious mononucleosis, and syphilis. Primary or metastatic cancer may also be the cause. Cervical metastasis often presents as a neck mass. Although a primary tumor may not be found immediately when a neck mass is being evaluated, one is often discovered later. Other types of malignancy that may be present are histiocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid cancer, and a salivary (most often parotid) gland tumor. Symptomatic treatment is sometimes adequate for infectious disease, but administration of antituberculous drugs or antibiotics may also be necessary. Incision and drainage are required for some nodes and abscesses. For neck masses caused by neoplasms, fine-needle aspiration cytology or biopsy is performed. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment consists of dissection, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.
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PMID:The neck mass. 2. Inflammatory and neoplastic causes. 355 1

Human antibodies against the first and second Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear antigens (EBNA-1 and EBNA-2) were analysed by modified ELISA reaction on immunoblots: 5 out of 20 EBNA-1 positive, healthy donor sera reacted with the EBNA-2. Healthy EBV seronegatives contained no antibodies against EBNA-2. The antibodies against this EBNA-2 developed several months after acute EBV infections. Four out of 8 infectious mononucleosis sera failed to react EBNA-2 in the late stage. In the group of EBV seropositive patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 14 out of 18 sera contained EBNA-2 antibodies.
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PMID:Antibodies to the second Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. 360 Apr 98

The authors report their ultrastructural findings of 36 involved lymph-nodes in Hodgkin's disease (HD), before any treatment. More than 400 tumour cells were studied. An analytical study was carried out on the different aspects presented by the nuclei (uni or multi-lobated); the nucleoli (compact, reticulate or dispersed); and the cytoplasm (immunoblastic, complex, intermediate). No cellular structure evoking phagocytic activity with digestion, and consequently an eventual histiomonocytic origin, could be detected even on serial sections. The presence of lipid inclusions, sometimes of glycogen, as well as certain peculiar structures are described and discussed. The ultrastructural aspects could be easily correlated with the different types of tumour cell described in HD using light microscopy. The various kinds of cells which could could be detected in the same lymph node, may correspond to a real tumour cell lineage, consisting, firstly, of a cell of immunoblastic type with a mono- or bilobated nucleus, then an intermediate type with a bilobated or multisegmented nucleus, and finally a complex cell type with a multisegmented nucleus. The lacunar cells are characterised by a fragile hyaloplasm, without cellular organelles at their periphery, these being concentrated around the nucleus. This special organisation explains the aspects observed in light microscopy. However, no explanation could be offered to understand this particular aspect of the cytoplasm. The ultrastructural characteristics of the Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants did not allow a precise cellular origin to be proposed. The absence of phagolysosomes pleads against a histiocytic origin. However their similarity of the interdigitated reticular cells did not seem sufficient to propose this origin. The likeliness of the cytoplasm of cells with mono- or bilobated nuclei with that of immunoblasts, constitutes the most interesting morphological feature. This fact, associated with the appearance of immunoblasts similar to Reed-Sternberg cells of infectious mononucleosis, suggests a lymphoid origin. The study of the reactive cells around the tumor cells did not allow any consequences to be drawn. One could simply note that the Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants were surrounded by lymphocytes, forming a kind of crown. No etiological agent could be detected. These data are compared to those of other publications, and discussed. This ultrastructural study, therefore, does not offer the solution to most of the questions which still remain to be answered as to the origin of the Reed-Sternberg cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Ultrastructural study of 36 lymph node sites of Hodgkin's disease]. 377 30

Lymph-node and tonsillar biopsies occasionally are obtained from patients with the infectious mononucleosis syndrome secondary to Epstein-Barr viral infection, particularly if the clinical presentation is atypical and a viral etiology is not suspected. The presence of Reed-Sternberg-like cells in infectious mononucleosis resulting in confusion with Hodgkin's disease is well-known; however, similar difficulty in excluding a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be encountered. Eleven cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with the morphologic features of infectious mononucleosis are reported, nine of which had documented Epstein-Barr viral infection. The spectrum of morphologic changes associated with Epstein-Barr viral infection is discussed, with emphasis on the features that permit their distinction from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Morphologic features mimicking lymphoma included extensive immunoblastic proliferations in sheets and nodules and marked cytologic atypia. Hodgkin's disease was simulated by the tendency in some cases for the atypical Reed-Sternberg-like cells to cluster about necrotic foci and to show pronounced cytologic atypia. Features permitting the distinction from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma included persistent reactive foci with the classic features of infectious mononucleosis, a polymorphous background of transformed lymphocytes rather than irregular or twisted lymphoid cells as seen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and preservation of underlying reticulin architecture rather than destruction, even in cases with extensive immunoblastic proliferation. Hodgkin's disease was excluded by requiring strict criteria for Reed-Sternberg cells and noting the reactive background as inconsistent with Hodgkin's disease. Immunoperoxidase staining of seven of the cases with anti-Leu-M1 failed to demonstrate immunoreactivity of the Reed-Sternberg-like cells with this monoclonal antibody.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis. The spectrum of morphologic changes simulating lymphoma in lymph nodes and tonsils. 381 72

This is the first report of a case-control epidemiological study on lymphomas and leukaemias occurring in Yorkshire during 1979-84. This paper deals with the results of the Hodgkin's disease analysis comprising 248 cases and 489 controls. The results indicate support for previous work with respect to small family size and past history of infectious mononucleosis. Positive observations made in a previous pilot study are also confirmed and extended with respect to associations with certain chronic skin lesions, dental anaesthesia and familial factors. Negative associations are described with respect to X-ray exposures and cigarette smoking. It is proposed that these results fit into a general hypothesis that these conditions are the result of interaction between infectious agents and altered immunity in those persons genetically predisposed.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease: case control epidemiological study in Yorkshire. 381 82

Male patients with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) have an inherited immune deficiency to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection that results in fatal infectious mononucleosis (IM), acquired hypogammaglobulinemia- or agammaglobulinemia, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (ML). A clinicopathologic analysis of 17 patients with XLP who developed ML was performed. The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 4.0 years (range, 2-19 years). The median overall survival was 12 months (range, 1-216 months). Eight patients had maternally related male relatives with ML. Other phenotypes of XLP were documented in male relatives of the remaining nine patients. Common presenting symptoms were fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Nine patients had "B" symptoms. All ML occurred at extranodal sites. The intestines, most commonly ileocecal, were involved in 76.5% of the cases. Thirteen patients had localized disease (Stages I and II) and four patients had advanced disease (Stages III and IV). A diffuse histologic pattern of growth was observed in all cases. The distribution of histologic subtypes included small noncleaved (41.2%), large noncleaved (17.6%), immunoblastic (17.6%), small cleaved or mixed cell (11.8%), and unclassifiable (5.9%) ML. Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy resulted in disease-free survivals of up to 192 months in eight patients (median 114 months; range, 12-192 months). Eight of 17 patients (47%) are still alive. A median survival of only 6.0 months (range, 1-12 months) was observed in the nine patients who died. No residual ML was found at autopsy. The small noncleaved subtype had an adverse prognosis (seven of nine deaths versus one of eight survivors; P less than 0.05). Bacterial infection was the major cause of death (seven of nine patients). Characteristics that distinguish ML in XLP from other ML include a maternal family history of XLP, early age of onset, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, post-EBV infection, and ileocecal involvement.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. 381 12

A patient who developed Hodgkin's disease four years after infectious mononucleosis had elevated serum antibody titres to Epstein-Barr virus and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to membrane antigens prepared from fresh autologous spleen, from spleen cells of another Hodgkin's patient, and from cell lines known to carry the Epstein-Barr virus genome. Additional studies in more lymphoma patients will be needed to determine the significance of the reactivity against tumour and virus-associated antigens which has been documented in this patient.
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PMID:Immunity of Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin's disease preceded by infectious mononucleosis. 434 14

A brief review is presented of the evidence linking the development of certain types of neoplasms, and of the malignant lymphomas in particular, to chronic immunosuppression in animals and man and to the naturally occurring human immunologic deficiency states. The discussion then focuses on Hodgkin's disease and considers recent evidence concerning the relation between the clinical stage of the disease and its associated defect in cell-mediated immunity. Finally, the prior occurrence of infectious mononucleosis in some cases of Hodgkin's disease is considered in the context of the hypothesis that the neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease may evolve from a chronic immunologic reaction, analogous to that of graft-versus-host, stemming from the induction of antigenic alteration in a subpopulation of lymphocytes by certain types of non-neoplastic viral infections.
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PMID:Role of immunologic disturbance in human oncogenesis: some facts and fancies. 440 60

Seventeen out of 17,073 people in Denmark who had had a positive reaction to a Paul-Bunnell test between the years 1940 and 1969 developed Hodgkin's disease after an interval of at least 12 months. This number was significantly (P < 0.0002) greater than the expected number of two women and four men. Sixteen of those developing Hodgkin's disease were men. Case records, which were available for 12 of them, confirmed that they had had infectious mononucleosis. The number of cases of leukaemia that developed in the sample population was no greater than expected.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease in patients with previous infectious mononucleosis: 30 years' experience. 440 63

The basic principles of rate centrifugation in the large volume zonal centrifuge and its application to the separation of abnormal or rarely occurring cells in the blood are described. Details of the method, gradient media, and collection and examination of the fractions obtained are given. A description of the cells found in normal human blood, in a subject undergoing known immunological stimulus, and in glandular fever and Hodgkin's disease is given and the implications are discussed.
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PMID:Separation of abnormal cells in the peripheral blood by means of the zonal centrifuge. 442 83


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