Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (MLs) were found in 25 Japanese AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients who died at two hospitals in Tokyo. All of these MLs originated from extranodal organs including the brain (three cases), skin (two cases) liver and adrenal gland. B cell markers were demonstrated in all of them. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (EBVCA) was demonstrated in 5/7, nuclear antigen (EBNA) in 2/2, the W fragment of EBV DNA by in situ hybridization in 5/7 and the same fragment by PCR in 6/7, indicating high association of these MLs with EBV. The adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), endemic in south-west Japan and known to have a high association with HTLV-I, was not found in this series. The incidence of ML among the present AIDS cases is higher than in any other autopsy reports from western countries, although statistical analysis did not show this to be significant in comparison to some of these reports at a level of p less than 0.05. In spite of apparent higher incidence, the histopathologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of AIDS-associated MLs in Japan are in accordance with those in western countries.
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PMID:Malignant lymphomas in Japanese AIDS patients. 166 49

There are rapidly increasing opportunities for dermatologists to see patients suffering from retrovirus infections. The HTLV-I was the first class of human oncogenic retrovirus that was found in cultured cells of a patient with skin manifestations similar or identical to those of CTCL (MF). It was soon recognized as the agent causing ATLL. The skin manifestations, histopathology, and immunophenotypes of ATLL share many similarities with MF and SS. Both HTLV-I and HIV-I (HTLV-III) cause immunodeficiency with an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Persistent generalized lymphadenopathies are the initial manifestations of most of the HIV infections. The incidence of lymphoid malignancies is expected to become much higher as the life span of AIDS patients is prolonged. They can have both B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, although the incidence of the latter (B-cell lymphoma) is still much higher than that of the former. All human retroviruses are transmitted in similar ways.
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PMID:Lymphoid proliferation and lymphoma associated with human retroviruses (HTLV and HIV). 193 70

The majority of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are of B-cell lineage, with less than 20% of cases being of T-cell lineage. The B-cell NHLs phenotypically correspond to normal cells in the mid stages of normal differentiation. More specifically, by their expression of B-cell activation antigens, these tumors are the neoplastic counterparts of normal activated B cells. The follicular lymphomas--including the small cleaved, mixed small and large cell, and large cell types, as well as the small noncleaved cell (Burkitt's) lymphomas--represent malignant expansions of normal germinal center B cells by their expression of pan-B cell antigens, B-cell activation antigens, and CD10 (CALLA). The diffuse lymphomas also correspond to normal activated B cells. The small lymphocytic lymphomas express the low-affinity IL-2 receptor and CD5, both of which are induced on normal B cells following mitogen stimulation. The other diffuse B-cell NHLs similarly express activation antigens and resemble "transformed" B cells. The T-cell NHLs generally correspond to normal activated CD4+ T cells. These tumors--which include most peripheral T-cell lymphomas, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, and HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemias/lymphomas--express antigens induced on activated T cells, including IL-2 and transferrin receptors (CD25 and CD71, respectively), as well as HLA-DR. The lymphoblastic lymphomas, which are generally of T-cell lineage, phenotypically correspond to stages of intrathymic differentiation, often by their coexpression of CD4 and CD8, as well as expression of CD1. It remains controversial whether the immunophenotype of lymphoblastic lymphoma differs significantly from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since immunologic heterogeneity of NHL was first observed, attempts have been made to employ the data as a prognostic variable. Early studies suggested that lineage derivation or expression of markers of proliferating cells affected outcome in NHL. However, these reports were often retrospective, included various histologies, and did not treat patients uniformly. More recent prospective studies with relatively uniformly treated patients, predominantly involving DLCL, suggest that certain immunologically defined subgroups may have significantly different clinical outcomes. However, additional clinical studies will be necessary before treatment options are based upon immunologic markers.
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PMID:Immunologic markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 193 59

The relative frequencies of the various histopathologic types of lymphomas are generally similar among Asian countries. Hodgkin's disease and follicular lymphomas are relatively rare in Asia. Among NHL, the Asians have a higher rate of aggressive NHL, as compared with the NCI data. Immunologic analysis revealed that PTCL is common in Asia. The relative frequency of PTCL is comparable among Chinese in Taiwan, the east coast of China, and Hong Kong, as well as in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) nonendemic areas in Japan. The increased rate of T-cell lymphomas in Asia is attributed to the low incidence of follicular lymphomas. The similar patterns of distribution in histopathologic and immunologic subtypes of NHL in Asia suggest that a common ethnic or geographic factor exists. To elucidate it, further detailed epidemiologic studies are needed. Primary extranodal NHL is slightly more prevalent in Asia than in the United States; the most frequent primary site is Waldeyer's ring in Japanese patients and the GI tract in Chinese patients. Primary small intestinal lymphoma in Asia showed the pattern of the Western type. Primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare in Asia. The clinical features of PTCL in Asia are comparable with those described in the United States, except for a predilection for the nasal/paranasal region. In Asia, outside Japan, ATLL has been reported only in Taiwan. The seroepidemiologic survey of carriers of ATLL showed the rate of seropositivity for HTLV-I in Taiwan was similar to that in nonendemic areas in Japan. The clinicopathologic features of ATLL in Taiwan and Japan are essentially identical. In children in Japan and Taiwan, Hodgkin's disease is much less frequent than in the West. However, the relative frequencies of the histopathologic and immunologic subtypes of childhood NHL in Japan and Taiwan do not differ significantly from those of the West. Although Burkitt's lymphoma in Japan and Taiwan is of nonendemic type, in India it may comprise both endemic and nonendemic types in almost equal number.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Asia. 193 64

Type-C virus-like particles (VLPs) were found in an Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-infected human B-cell lymphoma cell line, SP-50B, that was established from a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The cell line continuously produces a small number of type-C VLPs, 150-200 nm in diameter, over 1 year. SP-50B cells were negative for HTLV-I and HTLV-II antigens and did not contain the HTLV-I genome. In addition, two EB virus nuclear antigen (EBNA)-positive B-cell lines, SP-54-Cord and SP-57-CLL, were established from human cord blood and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), respectively, by coculture with lethally irradiated SP-50B cells. Type-C VLPs with the same morphology were also found in both cell lines.
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PMID:Type-C virus-like particles in a human B-cell lymphoma cell line. 216 9

A retrospective morphologic survey (1973-1983) of 146 cases of malignant lymphoma among the Hawaii-Japanese (migrant Japanese and their offspring) was conducted to determine whether differences in the incidence and cytologic types of malignant lymphoma exist when compared to those of native Japanese (lifetime residents of Japan). The age-adjusted incidence rates for malignant lymphoma among the Hawaii-Japanese were similar to rates for U.S. whites. However, higher rates for follicular centre cell (FCC) lymphoma with a follicular pattern were observed in the Hawaii-Japanese population when compared with rates for native Japanese. On the basis of the cytologic types of the Lukes-Collins classification, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among the Hawaii-Japanese resembled those of Western countries, rather than those of Japan. B-cell lymphomas predominated (72 per cent), while T-cell types comprised 23 per cent of cases. Follicular centre cell types were encountered most often (59 per cent), and the small cleaved FCC subtype was the most common (30 per cent). The high degree of follicularity (29 per cent) was at variance with the consistently low rates reported in Japan. This may be explained, in part, by higher rates of nodal lymphomas among the Hawaii-Japanese. Of the T-cell lymphomas, diffuse large cell types (T-cell immunoblastic sarcoma, T-IBS), often with cytologic pleomorphism, were relatively frequently encountered (16 per cent), and comprised 15 per cent of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; this observation necessitates special clinical and epidemiologic consideration in view of the large Japanese migration to Hawaii from HTLV-I endemic regions of southern Japan. No registered cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or of Hodgkin's disease were documented in Hawaii-Japanese subjects under the age of 15 years. The age-adjusted incidence rates for Hodgkin's disease among the Hawaii-Japanese were similar with those of native Japanese. Nodular sclerosis was the most frequent histologic subtype. The difficulty in distinguishing between Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, particularly when immunologic cell surface markers are not available, is addressed. Low rates for chronic lymphocytic leukemia among the Hawaii-Japanese were confirmed. Not one well-documented case was identified in the 11-year period surveyed.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma in Hawaii-Japanese: a retrospective morphologic survey. 270 45

Among 354 adult patients with either hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia, eight were positive for anti-HTLV-I antibodies; six of eight had received multiple transfusions. There was an approximately 3.5-fold increase (P less than .001) of HTLV-I seropositivity in the patients with hematologic disease (8 of 354, 2.23%) compared to the healthy adults older than 20 years (34 of 5252, .65%). Two hematological patients, one with Hodgkin's disease and one with acute promyelocytic leukemia, were found to be positive for HTLV-I, and developed and died of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) subsequently. Both were long-term survivors of the primary disease and had received multiple transfusions. The latent period from blood transfusion to onset of ATL was 6 months and 11 years, respectively. Immunocompromised patients, who were seropositive for HTLV-I, may be at increased risk for ATL compared to healthy carriers of HTLV-I, and the latent period may be shorter.
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PMID:Infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and development of human T-cell leukemia lymphoma in patients with hematologic neoplasms: a possible linkage to blood transfusion. 275 18

The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I and HIV-I in Brazil was determined by testing sera from: (a) 119 members of an isolated Amazonian community of African origin; (b) 100 voluntary blood donors in Rio de Janeiro; (c) 215 patients treated at the Hematology Service, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, and (d) 44 Cebus apella New World monkeys, wild-caught in Amazonia. Anti-HTLV-I was detected in 1 (0.84%) of 119 Amazonians, in 8 (3.72%) of the 215 patients and in none of the blood donors or monkeys. The high prevalence found in patients included 4 (5.79%) of 69 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 2 (5.88%) of 34 with Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 (16.66%) of 6 patients with diagnosis of anemia and 1 (20%) of 5 with HIV-I infection. Anti-HIV-I was found in 7 (14.89%) of 47 patients and in none of the other groups. The high incidence of HTLV-I infection in the patient group suggests that this retrovirus is endemic in parts of Brazil.
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PMID:Seroepidemiologic survey for antibodies to human retroviruses in human and non-human primates in Brazil. 277 3

Of 95 patients consecutively diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 52 (55%) had antibodies to human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus, type I. Antibody positivity was strongly associated with skin involvement, leukemia, and hypercalcemia (p less than 0.02). Two patients had systemic opportunistic infections. Neither meningeal nor lung infiltration was detected, and lymph node infiltration was diffuse in all patients. Of 36 patients who received immunophenotypic classifications, 30 had diseases that affected the T-cell system, and the cells of all tested patients with these diseases showed the helper/inducer (T4) phenotype. Twenty-seven of these thirty-six patients were found to have adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, and of the 27, 24 had antibodies to HTLV-I. The median duration of survival in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma was 17 weeks, but a subgroup of 9 patients had indolent courses and a median survival of 81 weeks, which suggests that the disease has differing expression with courses that range from smoldering and indolent to acute and rapidly fatal. Hypercalcemia was the most important prognostic determinant of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Jamaica and its relation to adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. 288 May 36

A patient with a localized HTLV-I-associated lymphoproliferative disease that was misdiagnosed as Hodgkin's disease is presented. The patient's serum was negative for HTLV-I antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation. Tumor tissue DNA was negative for HTLV-I by Southern blotting but was positive for distinct HTLV-I sequences when subjected to DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of HTLV-I-related lymphoma can be difficult and can be confused with Hodgkin's disease. Extremely sensitive molecular biological techniques may be required to establish a diagnosis of HTLV-I-induced lymphoma.
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PMID:HTLV-I-induced lymphoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease. Diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific HTLV-I sequences in tumor DNA. 289 76


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