Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) presenting through oral symptoms are rare. Between 1976 and 1987, a total of 17 cases (7 male, 10 female) were diagnosed in our departments. The first symptom was an intraoral tumour mass in 9 cases, loosening of teeth in 2 cases and paraesthesia in another 2. Most tumours (13/17) were located in the lower jaw. In only 5 cases had the referring physician or dentist suspected malignancy. In 3 cases, the histological diagnosis was Burkitt's lymphoma. The grade of malignancy was classified as low in 4 cases, intermediate in 3 and high in 8. None of the patients was HIV-positive. Nine patients died of their disease within 1-132 months (mean 18.3 months).
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas presenting through oral symptoms. 211 52

Because of the various neoplastic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the variable period between HIV infection and the development of tumors related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it is possible that certain behaviors, toxins, genes, or infectious agents--particularly viruses--may act as cofactors in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related neoplasms. Most epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of possible cofactors have been directed toward Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), by far the most common AIDS-related tumor and one closely associated with male homosexual lifestyle in the U.S. Nonetheless, epidemiologic investigations of putative associations have not demonstrated any clear association between KS and particular viruses. Furthermore, laboratory investigations, both serologic and molecular/genetic, have failed to definitively implicate as cofactors for KS these viruses: cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses, pathogenic human papillomaviruses, or human herpes virus type 6. Investigations of a suggested association between EBV and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's (B cell) lymphomas (NHLs) have also been inconclusive. However, HIV may act as a cofactor in accelerating the development of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, viral or other cofactors have not been definitely identified as cofactors in AIDS-related tumors.
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PMID:Possible cofactors for the development of AIDS-related neoplasms. 216 69

Four Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were successfully infected in vitro with immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as demonstrated by reverse transcriptase activity and p24 HIV antigen in culture supernatants, positive cell staining for gag-encoded HIV proteins, presence of viral HIV genome by Southern blot analysis and ulstrastructural observations. In addition, both HIV-1-infected B cells and their supernatants efficiently transactivated the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene which is under the control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. The LCL cells displayed long-term HIV-1 infection and production, but no cytopathic effects were observed. Cytofluorimetric analysis did not detect membrane CD4 presence in the LCL cells before and after HIV-1 infection; moreover, a minute amount of CD4 mRNA was observed only in one of the LCL. A monoclonal antibody specific for the viral binding site of the CD4 molecule delayed, but did not block, HIV-1 infection of the LCL cells. Following HIV-1 infection, changes in LCL phenotype were observed, consisting of a decrease in CD23- and CD39-positive cells, and a concomitant increase of cells with surface CD10 and Bac-1. Furthermore, HIV-1-infected LCL cells did not grow in tight clumps, as usually observed in uninfected LCL, but as disperse suspensions, and formed more agar colonies than control LCL. However, despite this apparent acquisition of a malignant-like phenotype, c-myc proto-oncogene rearrangement was not detected. The appearance of cells with new characteristics did not seem due to clone selection by HIV-1 infection, since all the LCL conserved their clonotypic pattern of IgH chain rearrangement. The acquisition of malignant-like features by HIV-infected B cells might be clinically significant in terms of the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphomas, which occur frequently in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Infection of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cells by the human immunodeficiency virus: evidence for a persistent and productive infection leading to B cell phenotypic changes. 217 Jan 47

Lymph nodes obtained from 7 HIV-positive and 20 HIV-negative patients with Hodgkin's disease were examined for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus antigens and genome. EBV antigens were observed in only 2 out of 20 HIV-negative patients, whereas lymph nodes of HIV-positive patients did not reveal evidence of EBV antigens. By in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis, EBV genome was found in 5 out of 7 HIV-positive patients; the EBV genome was detected in the nucleus of Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells. EBV DNA was observed by in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis in only 3 out of 20 HIV-negative patients with Hodgkin's disease. In both groups, Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells were negative for C3d EBV receptor. Our results show a statistically significant increased expression of EBV DNA in HIV-positive patients with Hodgkin's disease, as compared with HIV-negative patients with HD.
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PMID:High frequency of Epstein-Barr virus genome detection in Hodgkin's disease of HIV-positive patients. 217 Feb 78

To study the pathogenesis of malignant lymphomas (ML) in intravenous drug-abuser HIV-infected patients, we analyzed 19 cases of reactive lymphadenopathy (LAS) and 10 cases of ML. Clonality and differences in characteristics of these lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated by immunohistochemical and Ig and TCR gene rearrangement analyses. Rearrangements at the c-myc locus and presence of HIV and EBV viral genomes were also investigated. Four out of the five non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) analyzed were high-grade extranodal ML and were found to derive from precursor B cells. Monoclonal cell expansions were also detected in 2 cases of LAS. These cell expansions also consisted of precursor B cells. HIV genome was not detected in any of the samples tested and was therefore considered not to be involved as an etiological agent in these lymphoproliferative disorders. EBV genome was present in a clonal episomal form in the five Hodgkin's disease (HD) specimens tested. This finding suggested that a clonal cell population harboring the EBV viral genome must be present in HDs, pointing to a possible etiological relationship between EBV and HD in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of malignant lymphomas in intravenous drug-abuser, HIV-infected patients. 217 49

Like other immunodeficient populations, HIV-infected individuals are at risk for developing high grade B-cell malignancies. The aetiology of these lymphomas remains unknown. While the tumours share many of the features of B-cell lymphomas seen in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, unlike transplant recipients, Epstein-Barr virus genomic sequences are identified in only a small minority of peripheral lymphomas from HIV-infected individuals. The majority of lymphomas are classified as diffuse, large-cell tumours of either the intermediate grade type or the high grade immunoblastic type. However, approximately one-third of patients present with high grade, small, non-cleaved cell lymphomas. Patients typically present with widespread extranodal disease, often at unusual sites. Lymphoma confined to the central nervous system has been observed in approximately 25% of HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The therapeutic outcome and survival in these patients has been disappointing. Complete response is achieved less frequently, relapse rates are higher and survival generally shorter than those observed in non-HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Prognosis is better for those patients without a prior AIDS diagnosis, who have higher total CD4 cell counts, good performance score, absence of an extranodal site of disease, and treatment with more moderate doses of chemotherapy. Hodgkin's disease, while not causally linked to the presence of immunodeficiency, appears to have a more aggressive natural history in the patient with HIV infection. Advanced disease at presentation is the rule, and the response to therapy has been poor with associated short survivals. Poor bone marrow reserve and the occurrence of intercurrent opportunistic infections has made it difficult to administer many of the standard chemotherapeutic regimens now used for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:AIDS-associated lymphoma. 218 38

Congenital and acquired states of immunodeficiency have long been associated with an increased incidence of malignant lymphoma. An increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was recognized early in the epidemic immunodeficiency state associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection AIDS. Although the precise etiologic mechanism of these lymphomas remains speculative, the presence of Epstein-Barr viral proteins or sequences and characteristic chromosomal translocations giving rise to altered expression of the c-myc oncogene have frequently been observed. It has been suggested that HIV infection leading to disordered T-lymphocyte function (possibly in conjunction with Epstein-Barr infection) leads to the emergence of polyclonal populations of stimulated B lymphocytes. These cells, which undergo physiologic immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, may provide the background for the occurrence of characteristic chromosomal translocations that lead to the emergence of malignant lymphomas. These lymphomas tend to present clinically with high-grade histopathologic subtype, advanced stage, and a propensity for the involvement of otherwise unusual extranodal sites, including the central nervous system. The experience with therapy for HIV-associated lymphomas has indicated that highly aggressive, dose-intensive chemotherapy regimens may be associated with inferior results. More recent regimens have stressed less myelosuppressive therapy combined with prophylaxis for central nervous system disease and pneumocystis infection. The dominant prognostic factors in the HIV-associated lymphomas appear to be primarily related to the underlying HIV infection and include total CD4 lymphocyte count, performance status, and prior AIDS diagnosis.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphomas. 218 76

The Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-related tumors has collected 435 cases of HIV-associated tumors since December 1986. The following conclusions can be drawn from this IVDA-based series: (1) at least 15% of AIDS cases are associated with tumors; (2) the number of malignant lymphomas (high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], Hodgkin's disease [HD] is comparable to that of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (188 vs. 198); (3) KS among AIDS patients is less common than in countries where homosexual men are the main group affected by AIDS. However, KS also affects intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) almost exclusively males, with characteristics similar to those observed among homosexual men; (4) HD is associated with an aggressive course; (5) anal and oral primary tumors as well as oral and anal involvement of NHL are very rare; (6) testicular cancers occur in patients mainly with early HIV infection, without adversely affecting the dosage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy; (7) cervical cancer successfully treated with conization suggests that PAP test screening in young IVDA women is warranted; (8) lung cancer occurs in a young age group with rapid progression and death.
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PMID:Characterization of AIDS-associated tumors in Italy: report of 435 cases of an IVDA-based series. 220 42

Fourty-four patients with lymphoid neoplasia 37 males and 7 females aged 15 to 75 years, were seen in the Department of Internal Medicine, Tikur Anbessa (Black Lion) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between January and December 1988. Twenty-seven (61.4%) had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, eleven (25%) Hodgkin's disease and six (13.6%) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Six (22.2%) of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma one, (9.1%) of the Hodgkin's disease and none of the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cases had positive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western Blot tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of the 6 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with HIV infection, five had extra-nodal involvement--four of the gastrointestinal tract, including the oropharynx, and one of the cervix uteri. Four of these six had clinically advanced disease at the time of presentation and histologically three patients had intermediate and three high grade malignancy. Two of the patients have died within two months of diagnosis, one is lost to follow up, and three patients are still alive and well 12 to 46 months after diagnosis. The HIV positive patient with Hodgkin's disease had stage IV E disease involving the pancreas with mixed cellularity histology, and died seven months after diagnosis. Diffuse, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and possibly atypical aggressive Hodgkin's disease, may be indicator diseases for AIDS in HIV seropositive individuals.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in patients with lymphoid neoplasia. 220 77

Because of growing evidence that there are differences in the natural history of HIV infection in intravenous drug users (IVDU) and homosexual men, the clinicopathological features and response to treatment of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) were analyzed in 150 cases (96 IVDU and 31 homosexual men) by the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-related tumors. Twenty-three patients fell within other risk groups. The median age was 26 years for the IVDU and 38 for the homosexual men. Forty percent of patients in both of the risk groups manifested full-blown AIDS prior to development of the lymphoma. In both groups, most of the NHL were of high or intermediate type (IVDU 96%, homosexual men 86%). In high-grade NHL, Burkitt's type lymphoma was present in 40% of the homosexual men and in 29% of the IVDU (a non-significant difference), while an immunoblastic lymphoma was diagnosed in 46% of IVDU and 27% of homosexual men (non-significant). No oral localizations were observed, and one homosexual presented with a rectal lymphoma. Almost half of the patients (47%) received no antineoplastic treatment because of rapid disease progression or of diagnosis only at post-mortem. Intensive combination regimens administered in one-third of both IVDU and homosexual men (compared to CHOP or CHOP-like combinations) provided more CR (3/13 vs 3/24 in IVDU and 2/3 vs 1/7 in homosexuals), although the overall survivals with both the intensive and less intensive chemotherapy protocols remained similar. Overall, the median survival was 3.7 months for IVDU and 3.6 months for homosexual men. The most reliable predictors for survival were opportunistic infections at onset in IVDU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Italy: intravenous drug users versus homosexual men. The Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-Related Tumors (GICAT). 226 66


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