Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 17-year-old man was treated with chemotherapy and radiation for nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma that presented as a left chest wall mass. Ten years later, a left upper lobe lung tumor was identified. The tumor resection demonstrated a 1.3-cm yellow lung nodule composed of epithelioid and spindled lipid-laden CD68+ and Factor XIIIa+ macrophages. Distinct follicular structures with dendritic cells positive for CD1a, fascin, and ALK-1 and largely devoid of intracytoplasmic lipid were a distinguishing feature of the lesion. Most of the xanthomatous macrophages expressed human herpes virus-8 antigen. The current World Health Organization classification of "inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors" is examined, and the association of a subset of "inflammatory pseudotumors" with immunodeficiency states and opportunistic infection is discussed.
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PMID:Follicular localization of dendritic cells in a xanthomatous inflammatory tumor of lung associated with human herpes virus-8 infection. 1710 9

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation and demyelination. Studies suggested that the viral, especially Epstein-Barr virus infection, and bacterial infections, especially Borrelia burgdorferi infection, play a role in etiology of MS. MS prevalence parallels the distribution of the Lyme disease pathogen B. burgdorferi. Criteria used for diagnosis of MS can also be fulfilled in other conditions such as Lyme disease, a multisystem disorder resulting from infection by the tick-borne spirochete, B. burgdorferi. In the late period of Lyme disease demyelinating involvement of central nervous system can develop and MS can be erroneously diagnosed. A Lyme borreliosis can mimick central nervous system lymphoma. Also, B. burgdorferi has been implicated not only in etiology of MS, but also in etiology of lymphoma. Studies suggested that there is an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients, who had a history of autoimmune diseases such as MS and that both non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease were associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. A small group of lymphomas called primary effusion lymphomas (PEL) is a recently individualized form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (WHO classification) that exhibit exclusive or dominant involvement of serous cavities, without a detectable solid tumor mass. These lymphomas have also been linked to Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus type 8 infections but virus negative cases have been described. Therefore, we propose that MS and neuroborreliosis are linked to central nervous system primary effusion lymphomas. As a first step in confirming or refuting our hypotheses, we suggest a thorough study of CSF in the patients suspected for the diagnosis of MS and Lyme borreliosis.
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PMID:Lyme borreliosis and multiple sclerosis are associated with primary effusion lymphoma. 1719 15

The intermediate to high grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas are now one of three malignant AIDS defining conditions. The others being Kaposi's sarcoma and cervical carcinoma. While co-infection with oncogenic agents including the human herpes 8 or Epstein-Barr virus offer targets in preventive treatment strategies for these AIDS defining lymphomas (ADL), administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy leading to immune reconstitution permits use of standard or even high-dose cytotoxic drug regimens with curative intent. It is not certain whether this should be done concomitantly or sequentially. Additional benefit may derive from infusional or high-dose chemotherapy regimens depending on the histological subtype while use of monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab or immunohaematopoietic stem cell transplantation needs to be further evaluated within controlled studies. Socio-economic considerations have an impact especially in resource limited settings while availability of tools for appropriate geno-phenotypic diagnosis and immunological monitoring such as the CD4 cell count will play an important role in the risk stratification as well as disease management. While it is generally accepted that the impact of HAART has an overall benefit both in incidence and treatment outcome in ADL, the expanded access to HAART programs are falling short of all targets in Africa. Accordingly focus is given to some of these controversies, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, therapeutic options and ethical considerations.
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PMID:AIDS defining lymphomas in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): an African perspective. 1793 78

In the present article we describe a patient with AIDS and chylous ascites secondary to B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma. A 43 years old homosexual HIV-positive man. Complained of abdominal fullness, diarrhea and a rapidly increase in abdominal girth of 1 week duration. A diagnostic paracentesis was performed and revealed a milky fluid with high triglyceride levels. All blood tests and analysis of the peritoneal fluid with polymerase chain reaction for DNA sequence of broad-range bacterial Post Voiding Residual volume, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Kaposi Sarcoma associated Herpes virus and Epstein Barr Virus were negative. CT scan did not demonstrate any evidence for cancer. An exploratory laparotomy was thus performed. A mass spreading along the mesenteric route to the omentum was found and a debulking resection was performed. The final pathology report was of diffuse, CD20-positive, CD3-negative, Epstein Barr Virus-negative, large B-Cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Subsequently, he underwent five cycles of CHOP (cyclofosfamide, doxorubicin, vincristin, prednison) chemotherapy with further partial regression of the abdominal tumour. Five months after the initial diagnosis of lymphoma, the patient relapsed and was treated with high-dose BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytosine, arabinoside, melphalan) chemotherapy followed by CD34 stem-cell transplantations salvage therapy. This notwithstanding, the patient died due to intestinal secondary to tumor relapse 2 months later.
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PMID:Chylous ascites secondary to B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 1799 72

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a unique form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mainly met in severely immunocompromised, HIV-positive patients. PEL is aetiologically related to human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) and it usually presents as a lymphomatous body cavity effusion in the absence of a solid tumour mass. Recently, cases of HIV-positive patients with HHV-8-positive solid tissue lymphomas, not associated with an effusion, have been reported (solid variant of PEL). The prognosis of PEL is reported to be poor. We report a case of an HIV-positive patient with a typical solid variant of PEL without effusion. Interestingly, his disease developed while being on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with high CD4 counts. He had a relatively long survival with chemotherapy and ART.
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PMID:Solid variant of primary effusion lymphoma in successfully treated HIV infection: a case report. 1866 51

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which predominantly occurs in HIV-infected individuals, and is pathogenetically linked with Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpes virus/human herpes virus-8 (KSHV/HHV-8) infection with or without evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infection. Although uncommon, PELs have been reported in immunocompetent patients and recipients of solid organ allografts. Rare cases of KSHV(-) EBV(+) post-transplant effusion lymphomas resembling PEL have also been described, as have KSHV(-) EBV(-) effusion lymphomas, the latter including those arising in individuals with chronic liver disease. We report a unique KSHV(-) EBV(-) post-transplant effusion lymphoma associated with serum paraproteins, occurring in an HIV(-) individual, which had cytologic features and phenotype similar to PEL, and displayed a complex karyotype including isochromosome 12p and translocation t(8;22), resulting in rearrangement of c-MYC.
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PMID:KHSV(-) EBV(-) post-transplant effusion lymphoma with plasmablastic features: variant of primary effusion lymphoma? 1933 83

Overactivation in Ras signaling has been under intensive study as the molecular basis for development of cancer. Such overactivation can occur in the presence or absence of mutations in Ras gene resulting in activation of a series of down-stream effectors such as transcription factors. Different studies have shown the activation of Ras down-stream effectors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) although mutations in Ras are not prevalent in this malignancy. Since overactivation in Ras signaling also increases permissiveness of cancer cells to infection by oncolytic versions of herpes simplex virus (e.g. R3616), we were interested in evaluating the value of transcription factors down-stream of Ras as molecular indicators for permissiveness to herpes therapy. In order to accomplish this, and also to assess the permissiveness of lymphoma cells to infection with R3616, we used NHL cell lines Daudi, Jurkat, NC37, Raji, Ramos and ST486. Once the levels of phosphorylation (activation) of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK, a Ras effector pathway) and its down-stream transcription factor ELK were evaluated, Raji and NC37 showed a significant increase in the phosphorylation levels of both molecules while ATF2 (another transcription factor down-stream of p38-kinase pathway) seemed to be activated in all studied cells. Raji and NC37 cells were also most permissive cells to infection with R3616 while their permissiveness was decreased upon treatment of cells with an inhibitor of ELK-DNA binding portraying ERK/ELK as a suitable predictive indicator for selection of cancer cells with increased sensitivity to R3616. This study, therefore, for the first time documents permissiveness of lymphoma cells to oncolytic herpes viruses and introduces ELK as a suitable factor for predicting tumor susceptibility to these novel anticancer agents.
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PMID:Transcription factors down-stream of Ras as molecular indicators for targeting malignancies with oncolytic herpes virus. 1976 68

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a human herpes virus-8 (HHV8)-associated large-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma localized in body cavities and presenting as pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial lymphomatous effusions. It typically affects immunocompromised patients and usually involves only one body site. We describe herein a case of PEL affecting three body cavity sites in an immunocompetent patient. A 69-year-old HIV-negative man presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites. An examination of the fluid by cytology showed large atypical lymphocytes with abundant basophilic cytoplasm, either central or eccentric nuclei having irregular outlines, and multiple prominent nucleoli. The neoplastic cells showed positive staining for CD45, CD3, HHV8 latent nuclear antigen (LNA), and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. A diagnosis of PEL was rendered. Despite chemotherapy and valganciclovir, the disease progressed to involve the pleural and pericardial cavities and the patient died 5 months following the initial diagnosis. Although PEL is a B-cell lymphoma, it is usually of null phenotype by immunohistochemistry, and can rarely aberrantly express T-cell markers, as seen in the current case. The key to the diagnosis of PEL rests on identifying HHV8 in the neoplastic cells. Therefore, restricting the term of PEL only to those cases that are HHV8 positive is important in order to differentiate PEL from other lymphomas that can present as serous effusions and that carry, in general, a more favorable prognosis than PEL.
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PMID:Primary effusion lymphoma involving three body cavities. 1987 84

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotropic herpes virus with oncogenetic properties which can lead to the development of lymphomas such as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), or post-transplant lymphoma. This review discusses our current understanding of lymphomagenesis in relation to EBV and the potential for targeted therapies.
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PMID:The contribution of the Epstein-Barr virus to the pathogenesis of childhood lymphomas. 2019 83

Class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) expression in carcinoma is associated with resistance to tubulin-binding chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were reported to express TUBB3 under physiologic conditions. We investigated TUBB3 expression in a wide range of lymphoproliferative disorders using immunohistochemistry. Dual immunostaining for Bcl-6 and TUBB3 revealed that some germinal center B cells also express TUBB3 in addition to FDCs. In Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs), 47.1% (40/85) expressed TUBB3 in the tumor cells with an all-or-none pattern. TUBB3 expression in HL was more common in mixed cellularity type than nodular sclerosis type (P=0.032). Among non-HLs, 79.3% (23/29) of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), 8% (2/25) of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, and 75% (21/28) of Burkitt lymphoma showed TUBB3 expression with an all-or-none pattern. Of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 15.2% (32/210) expressed TUBB3 in a heterogeneous pattern. In ALCL, TUBB3 expression was more common in systemic ALCL than in primary cutaneous ALCL (P=0.046). Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with a germinal center B-like subgroup exhibited TUBB3 expression more frequently than non-GCB-like subgroup (P=0.01). Otherwise, none of the 18 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas; 18 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified; 12 follicular lymphomas; 62 marginal zone lymphomas; 7 mantle cell lymphomas; 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas; or 2 FDC sarcomas expressed TUBB3. In angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and Castleman disease, TUBB3 was positive in immunoblasts corresponding to Epstein-Barr virus-infected or Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus-infected cells. A variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders exhibited characteristic TUBB3 expression patterns; these results suggest potential for diagnostic utility, some insight into the pathobiology of TUBB3 expression, and potential therapeutic implications.
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PMID:Class III beta-tubulin shows unique expression patterns in a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders. 2022 May 12


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