Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two type of human herpes viruses, type 4(Epstein Barr virus, EBV) and type 8(HHV8) are known to cause malignancies. Among those, EBV is the very most popular human oncovirus. It can cause malignant lymphomas of various subtypes including Burkitt's lymphoma, opportunistic lymphomas, pyothorax-associated lymphoma, nasal T/NK cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and a part of diffuse large cell lymphomas. HHV8 is a new member of human oncovirus associating with primary effusion lymphoma, a part of solid lymphoma taking diffuse large or anaplastic large cell morphology, and the Castleman's tumor. Introduction of histopathologic methodologies makes the correct diagnosis of those herpes virus-associated tumors an easy routine test.
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PMID:[Human herpes virus and malignancies]. 1157 85

Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus is a member of the human herpesvirus family. EBV is the etiologic agent of acute infectious mononucleosis and is closely associated with the genesis of Burkitt's lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBV is also implicated in a variety of other diseases, such as X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and NK-cell granular lymphoproliferative disorder. Recently, lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the stomach, gastric carcinoma, pyothorax-associated lymphoma, and smooth muscle tumors were also recognized as EBV-associated diseases. It is therefore important to review the genetics and immunological response of EBV infection. In this review we summarize the genetics of EBV, immunological responses and clinical findings of EBV-associated diseases, which would help us to understand the pathophysiology of EBV-associated disease and develop specific treatments.
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PMID:Genetics of Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1166 99

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a B-cell lymphoma of mostly large cell type developing in the pleural cavity of patients with long-standing pyothorax. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an enolase comprising gamma subunit and is located at high levels in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, together with their neoplasias. Expression of NSE at protein and mRNA levels was examined in PAL and other types (non-PAL) of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In PAL, serum levels of NSE were elevated (5.32 to 168.0, mean 42.6 ng/ml) and tended to decrease after incisional biopsy followed by chemotherapy (2.38 to 195.5, mean 34.1 ng/ml). Two cell lines established from two cases of PAL produced and secreted NSE in the culture medium. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the positive rate for NSE staining in PAL (10 of 14 cases, 71.4%) was significantly higher than that in non-PAL cases (6 of 38 cases, 15.8%) (P < 0.01). RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of NSE mRNA in two cell lines and a biopsy sample from PAL were rather similar to those of the control samples from non-neoplastic lymph nodes. These findings suggest the posttranscriptional regulation of NSE in PAL. Thus, an elevation of serum NSE level in patients with chronic pyothorax may be an indicator of PAL development.
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PMID:Enhanced expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL). 1198 91

Body cavity lymphomas (BCLs) are a heterogeneous group of rare, primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that proliferate within the serous body cavities and result in recurrent effusions. This review is mainly focussed on the distinct entity primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) wherein the tumor clone is infected by human herpesvirus-8, the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma. In addition, we briefly discuss here recent data regarding other BCL types. The latter include a subset with no evidence of herpesvirus 8 which is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (pyothorax-associated lymphoma, PAL), the BCL forms associated to hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis or alcohol-related cirrhosis and, finally, non-neoplastic forms mimicking lymphomatous effusions.
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PMID:Body cavity lymphoma. 1205 96

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising at the site of metallic implant is very rare, and the possible carcinogenic effects of the metallic components and wear particles of the implant have not been answered despite many years of investigation. We report a case of large B-cell lymphoma occurring in a 78-year-old man who had a knee prosthesis implant for more than 30 years. The lymphoma was of microscopic size and found incidentally in the wear debris removed at surgical revision of the loosened prosthesis. The lymphoma expressed CD20, showed clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin gene, and harbored Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This case, together with previously reported cases, suggests that metallic implant-associated lymphoma is a distinctive subgroup of large B-cell lymphoma that shares many similarities with pyothorax-associated lymphoma and osteomyelitis-associated lymphoma, in that the lymphoma is an EBV-associated large B-cell lymphoma arising in a setting of chronic inflammation or irritation in a confined body space.
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PMID:Metallic implant-associated lymphoma: a distinct subgroup of large B-cell lymphoma related to pyothorax-associated lymphoma? 1589 52

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma of exclusively B-cell phenotype developing in the pleural cavity of patients after more than 20-year history of pyothorax resulting from an artificial pneumothorax for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculous pleuritis. The most common symptoms on admission are chest pain and fever. Serum neuron-specific enolase level suggesting a diagnosis of small cell lung cancer is occasionally elevated. Histologically PAL usually shows a diffuse proliferation of large cells of B-cell type (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBL]). In PAL cells, representative B-cell markers other than CD20 are frequently negative with aberrant expression of T-cell markers such as CD2. A gene expression profile of PAL is distinct from nodal DLBL in its higher expression level of interferon-inducible genes. PAL is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with expression of EBV latent genes such as EBNA-2, LMP-1, together with EBNA-1. Taken together, PAL is a distinct entity both in its clinicopathologic presentation as well as its gene expression profile. Use of an artificial pneumothorax, EBV infection, and cytokines and reactive oxygen species produced in longstanding pyothorax might be important factors for PAL development.
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PMID:Pyothorax-associated lymphoma: a lymphoma developing in chronic inflammation. 1633 Sep 29

June 2005. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) which develops in the pleural cavity after a 20- to 64-year history of chronic pyothorax. We present here the case of a 62-year-old man who suffered from chronic pyothorax after pneumectomy 44 years ago, and complained of progressive ataxia. A MRI of the head revealed a solitary lesion in the vermis cerebelli, and a biopsy showed a lymphoma displaying immunoblastic features. Immunohistochemistry revealed an aberrant dual B/T phenotype and an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type III LMP-1+/EBNA-2+ latency profile. In-situ hybridization disclosed EBV-encoded RNAs in the tumor cells. PCR for the detection of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes followed by GeneScan analysis demonstrated a clonal B-cell population with DNA amplificates of identical size in the brain manifestation, and a large mediastinal tumor analyzed post mortem. Among the largest series of 106 PALs collected through a nationwide survey in Japan, central nervous system (CNS) involvement was detected in 5 (14%) of 36 patients where an autopsy had been performed. To best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a pyothorax-associated lymphoma initially diagnosed on brain biopsy.
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PMID:A 62-year-old man with chronic pyothorax. 1638 50

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) prevails among more than 90% of the adult population worldwide. Most primary infections occur during young childhood and cause no or only nonspecific symptoms; then the virus becomes latent and resides in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Inactive latent EBV usually causes no serious consequences, but once it becomes active it can cause a wide spectrum of malignancies: epithelial tumors such as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas; mesenchymal tumors such as follicular dendritic cell tumor/sarcoma; and lymphoid malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, pyothorax-associated lymphoma, immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, extranodal natural killer (NK) cell/T-cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The purpose of this article is to describe the spectrum of EBV-related diseases and their key imaging findings. EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas are especially common in immunocompromised patients. Awareness of their clinical settings and imaging spectrum contributes to early detection and early treatment of possibly life-threatening disorders.
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PMID:Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases: a pictorial review. 1937 26

We report a surgical a case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma of T-cell origin arising from the chest wall and developing on pleural sequelae of therapeutic pneumothorax for pulmonary tuberculosis. The tumor was removed with resection of the fifth to eighth ribs. The chest wall defect repaired with a Marlex (Phillips Sumika Polypropylene Co, Houston, TX) prothesis. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and genotypic features were conclusive for a diagnosis of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy and is doing well after 15 months.
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PMID:A surgical case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma of T-cell origin arising from the chest wall in chronic empyema. 1963 28

The patient was a 74-year-old man suffering from tuberculotic chronic pyothorax. He had hematemesis in January 2006. Hb was 6.1 g/dl. A type 2 tumor 3 cm in diameter was found in the vaulted region on the greater curvature side. It was diagnosed as a malignant lymphoma. WBC and differential count were normal, and the patient tested negative for HTVL-1 antibody. sIL2-R was elevated to 1,500 U/ml. The superficial lymph nodes were not palpable. CT examination was not remarkable for the liver and spleen. There was no generalized lymph node enlargement. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of gastric origin was made. As the patient had respiratory disorders, too, wedge-shaped gastrectomy was performed to inhibit invasion. Pathological examination revealed CD3 positive large atypical lymphocytes diffusely, EBV positive, HP negative. As a result, a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma was made. The tumor did not return for 1 year and 8 months after surgery, but the patient died of sudden aggravation of respiratory disorders in September 2007. Pathological anatomy was performed. The gastric remnant was left with lymphoma, and the bone marrow and systemic lymph nodes were negative for a malignant lymphoma. The possibility of stomach metastasis from the preoperative pyothorax-related malignant lymphoma was considered, but was ruled out because the lungs were devoid of a malignant lymphoma. We report a case of an extremely rare malignant T-cell lymphoma of gastric origin.
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PMID:A Case of Malignant T-Cell Lymphoma of Gastric Origin Accompanied by Pyothorax. 2110 69


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