Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to detect the increase of adipocytes in the hematopoietic bone marrow that occurs as a consequence of radiotherapy and is indicative of the loss of myeloid tissue. By monitoring this process, it is also possible to determine the recovery of the bone marrow. The amount of viable hematopoietic tissue plays a fundamental role in determining whether the patient is able to undergo further antineoplastic therapy, particularly chemotherapy. We examined 35 patients who had been treated with radiotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma (12), uterine cervix carcinoma (nine), ovarian dysgerminoma (six), testicular seminoma (four), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (four). We observed that radiation-induced modifications of the MRI pattern in the bone marrow are tightly linked to two parameters; the administered radiation dose and the length of time passed after the treatment. Bone marrow recovery was observed only when patients were treated with doses lower than 50 Gy. The earlier radiation-induced modifications of the bone marrow MRI pattern occurred 6 to 12 months after irradiation, and they were most evident 5 to 6 years after the treatment. From 2 to 9 years after radiotherapy, we observed partial recovery. Complete recovery, when it occurred, was observed only 10 to 23 years after the treatment. Our results indicate that MRI studies are likely to be useful in the assessment of radiation-induced injuries.
 ...
PMID:Hematopoietic bone marrow recovery after radiation therapy: MRI evaluation. 271

Ovarian non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are rare, and accurate diagnosis is frequently problematic. Previous studies have not provided either complete immunotypic or genotypic analyses. The authors report immunotyping and genotyping of three cases of ovarian NHL, including both primary and secondary types. Immunotyping disclosed all three were B-cell lymphomas composed of secretory blast stage lymphocytes showing kappa immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain clonal excess. DNA extracted from frozen tissue of each tumor was subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion and hybridized to probes for Ig genes, C kappa, C lambda, JH, and the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene. Rearrangements of the heavy chain and light chain Ig genes were observed in all three cases, confirming the monoclonal B-cell origin of the neoplastic population. No detectable rearrangements were observed in DNA extracted from three nonlymphoid ovarian tumors (dysgerminoma, granulosa cell tumor, and fibrothecoma). This study documents the potential value of immunotyping and genotypic analysis in the study of ovarian tumors.
 ...
PMID:Immunotypic and genotypic characterization of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the ovary. 329 19

Very high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell (BSC) rescue becomes more and more widely performed. In order to simplify the technique, a large volume apheresis programme combined with an uncontrolled rate cryopreservation at -80 degrees C was developed. Twenty-six patients suffering from multiple myeloma (n = 8), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 7), dysgerminoma (n = 4), breast cancer (n = 3), Hodgkin's disease (n = 2), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 1) and acute myelocytic leukaemia (n = 1) were autografted after a classical high-dose chemotherapy regimen. A single large volume apheresis was sufficient to obtain the threshold value of CD34+ BSC in 24/26 transplantations. The haematological recovery was favourably comparable with the previously published data obtained with controlled rate frozen BSC: median time to granulocytes > 1000/microL and to a self-supporting platelet count > 20,000/microL, respectively, 10.5 and 12 d. The treatment-related mortality was confined to 1/26 BSCT. These results indicate that this easy and cost-saving policy of BSCT is efficacious and safe: sustained long-term haematopoiesis, reduced morbidity and mortality were observed.
 ...
PMID:Simplification of the blood stem cell transplantation (BSCT) procedure: large volume apheresis and uncontrolled rate cryopreservation at -80 degrees C. 864

The aim of this article is to describe guidelines for rational use of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes, in the diagnostic processes and during follow-up, based on a systematic review of relevant literature. Sources of data for this study were English-language scientific publications, obtained from the database of the National Library of Medicine (Medline), concerning the clinical application (diagnosis, monitoring or treatment of disease) of lactate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme measurements in serum in the following main clinical fields: cardiology, hepatology, haematology and oncology. For acceptance in the present review, studies had to include: a proper definition of the tested patient population, diagnostic criteria, sampling time, sampling frequency, and test characteristics. Estimation of the relation between lactate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and specific diseases expressed as sensitivity, specificity, survival or remission rate were extracted. The application of serum lactate dehydrogenase is relevant in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (late detection), haemolytic anaemia, ovarian dysgerminoma and testicular germ cell tumor. For monitoring the progress of a disease lactate dehydrogenase is relevant in establishing the survival duration and rate in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and in the follow-up of ovarian dysgerminoma. Rational use of lactate dehydrogenase can be achieved when requests for its determination are limited to the above mentioned conditions. No rationale could be found for measuring lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes.
 ...
PMID:The clinical value of lactate dehydrogenase in serum: a quantitative review. 947 26

Our understanding of gonadal pathology has reached its current state as a result of the contributions of numerous outstanding investigators. Knowledge of testicular tumor pathology dates back to the great British workers Percival Pott and Sir Astley Cooper but the single greatest early stride was made with the description in 1906 by the French urologist Maurice Chevassu of the seminoma. The seminal 1946 paper of Nathan B Friedman and Robert A Moore, which segregated out as a distinct entity embryonal carcinoma, is, however, the foundation for the current classification of testicular tumors. In that year Pierre Masson described the distinctive neoplasm, the spermatocytic seminoma. The 1950s saw the publication of an important paper by Frank J Dixon and Dr Moore and they also wrote the first series fascicle on testicular tumors. In this same timeframe, and thereafter, Robert E Scully made significant contributions to testicular pathology, writing the first English language paper on spermatocytic seminoma, describing several subtypes of sex cord tumor, and also the distinctive lesion of intersex, the gonadoblastoma, as well as playing a major role in 1980 in formulating the current classification of premalignant lesions of the testis. The current classification of testicular tumors was arrived at in the early 1970s when the World Health Organization, under the leadership of Dr FK Mostofi, who himself made notable contributions to testicular pathology, devised what is fundamentally the current classification of neoplasms of the male gonad. Although comments on ovarian pathology were made by such legendary figures of earlier times as Giovanni Battista Morgagni and Matthew Baillie, it is only in the mid to later years of the 19th century that contributions, mostly in Europe, began to move knowledge of ovarian pathology to its current state. Thomas Hodgkin, Richard Bright, and Sir James Paget all wrote extensively on ovarian neoplasms. In 1870, Heinrich Waldeyer, and later in that century, another German, Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel wrote important papers on the surface epithelial tumors. The latter was likely the first to refer to neoplasms now known as of 'borderline malignancy' and also wrote on pseudomyxoma peritonei and other topics. Their work was followed by that of Robert Meyer who made monumental contributions to gynecological pathology, including recognizing the Brenner tumor as a distinctive neoplasm and proposing the first classification of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (arrhenoblastomas). He also coined the term 'disgerminoma' (soon changed to dysgerminoma) for the ovarian tumor that had been described in detail by the French investigator Marcel Chenot 5 years after Chevassu had mentioned the tumor in his paper describing the seminoma. During the Meyer era other significant contributions were made by, among others, Howard C Taylor writing on the borderline tumors and John A Sampson writing on endometriosis and tumors, associated with it. In the second-half of the 20th century major contributions were made by Gunnar Teilum of Denmark and Lars Santesson of Sweden. Dr Teilum delineated the morphologic features of the yolk sac tumor and noted the resemblance of papillary formations within it to the endodermal sinuses of the rat placenta. He also wrote extensively on sex cord tumors in both gonads. At a FIGO meeting in 1961 Dr Santesson played a major role in formulating the first organized classification of the surface epithelial-stromal tumors of the ovary and also promoted the endometrioid carcinoma as a special variant of ovarian cancer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Dr Scully was the architect of the modern classification of ovarian tumors being the driving force behind the influential 1973 World Health Organization classification of them. His many original observations have touched upon virtually all categories of ovarian tumor pathology. His second series fascicle 'Tumors of the Ovaries and Maldeveloped Gonads' utilized the WHO classification and presented a lucid elaboration of his by then vast experience with ovarian tumors. All the above have left a rich legacy which those who follow in their path will be challenged to equal.
 ...
PMID:A brief history of the pathology of the gonads. 1552 87