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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three lymphomas of the eye, eyelid, and orbit were chosen study from biopsy material of the Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, and the Lymph Node Registry in Kiel. There were 12 malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 11 benign lymphomas. Catamnestic examination confirmed the histologic diagnosis in all 11 cases of benign lymphoma. Eleven of the malignant lymphomas represented immunocytomas and were therefore a low-grade malignancy. In contrast, there was only one case of malignant lymphoma of high-grade malignancy, which was diagnosed as centroblastic lymphoma. The immunocytoma was retrobulbar in one third of our cases and conjuctival in only 2 cases, whereas benign lymphoma had developed in the conjunctiva in 7 of 11 cases. Immunocytoma represents a tumor composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells or plasmacytoid cells. PAS-positive globular inclusions are usually found in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the plasma cells or plasmacytoid cells.
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PMID:[Malignant and benign lymphomas of the eye, eyelid, and orbit (author's transl)]. 81 91

A 64-year-old woman with mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in 1972 developed a malignant lymphoma of the conjunctiva 14 years later. She had undergone combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas developing after Hodgkin's disease have been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. It is important to recognise a separate malignant lymphoma in a patient with Hodgkin's disease because of the different treatment offered for each of these diseases.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma of the conjunctiva following Hodgkin's disease. 335 8

Twelve patients who presented with extranodal small lymphocytic proliferations were studied. The patients ranged in age from 33 to 67 years; six were male and six female. Locations of the initial lesion included the conjunctiva and orbit, lung, stomach, small bowel, skin, and subcutis. The histopathologic picture in all cases was that of a dense infiltrate of small lymphocytes with rounded nuclei; there were usually admixed plasma cells and sometimes germinal centers. Immunoperoxidase staining for immunoglobulin light chains demonstrated monoclonality in four cases and polyclonality in four; results were inconclusive or blocks were unavailable in the remainder. Follow-up ranged from 53 to 216 months with a median of 92 months. In three cases, there was no recurrence or recurrence only at the site of initial involvement; in three, there was a sequential involvement of different extranodal sites without significant morbidity; and in six, there was progressive disease. One of the latter patients developed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease 48 months after diagnosis of the small lymphocytic process. There was no correlation between histopathologic findings and clinical source. All of the four patients with monoclonal immunoperoxidase staining and two of those with polyclonal staining had a progressive course; in the two with polyclonal staining, monoclonality was demonstrated later. It is concluded that the behavior of extranodal small lymphocytic proliferations cannot be reliably predicted by histopathologic criteria and that immunoperoxidase findings may be helpful as an indicator of an adverse course when monoclonality is demonstrated. Additional studies concerning this latter point are desirable.
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PMID:Extranodal small lymphocytic proliferation: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study. 679 20

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of the conjunctiva are rare. Radiotherapy is usually considered to be the choice of treatment in such situations. Reported here are 14 cases of conjunctival NHL, treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy from 1981 to 1988. Mean age of the patients was 53 years. The series comprised 7 stages of IE, 4 stages of IIE and 3 stages of III. Histological types were mostly "low-grade" according to the Working Formulation (9 cases out of 14). The irradiation technique took advantage of a customized facial lead mask and of a direct anterior electron beam. A small cylindrical lead block, hanging some millimetres above the eye, shielded the cornea and the lens. Local control was achieved for 17 eyes treated (out of 19 irradiated), with a follow-up ranging from 5 to 90 months. The 2 relapses occurred in the same patient, and could be treated by a second line irradiation of the same type. Immediate tolerance was good. Late sequelae were rare and actually included 4 cases of cataract which clearly could not be entirely attributable to the treatment. In conclusion, this sophisticated technique appears to be efficient and non-toxic, since it was able to achieve an almost 100% local control rate, together with a very low percentage of late complications.
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PMID:[Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the conjunctiva. Apropos of 14 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy]. 870 43

The cytologic features of 46 lymphoproliferative ophthalmic lesions were evaluated using the "squash" technique and/or touch imprints at the time of frozen section. Of the 46 lesions, 33 were located in the orbit, 12 in the conjunctiva, and one in the eyelid. Fifteen cases were benign (reactive) hyperplasias, and 31 were diagnosed as malignant lymphoproliferative tumors. The cytologic features of the reactive group included a polymorphic lymphoid population intermixed with scattered tingible body macrophages. Within the malignant category, there were 28 malignant lymphomas. All 28 cases were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cytologically, the malignant group consisted of a monomorphic population of atypical lymphoid cells. Of the 31 malignant lymphoid lesions, 58% (18 tumors) were small lymphocytic proliferations. The remaining 13 tumors were classified as follows: mixes small/large cell or pure large cell lymphomas (nine), plasmacytoma (three), and Burkitt's lymphoma (one). Final classification using the Working Formulation was made after evaluating the cytologic preparations and surgical material. In selected cases, the monoclonal nature of the malignant lymphoproliferative lesions was confirmed by flow cytometry and/or immunocytochemistry. Cytologic preparations of the fresh specimens preserve the morphologic details of the tumor cells, which is especially important when evaluating lymphoid lesions. Additionally, multiple smears can be prepared simultaneously for ancillary studies such as immunocytochemistry. Of our 46 lymphoproliferative lesions, two-thirds were diagnosed as malignant lymphomas. Based on the morphologic and immunophenotypic findings, all the malignant lymphomas were B-cell tumors, 50% of which were low grade using the Working Formulation.
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PMID:Cytologic evaluation of lymphoproliferative lesions of the orbit/ocular adnexa: an analysis of 46 cases. 895 9

Immunodeficiency, be it congenital, therapeutic, or infectious in origin, increases the risk of certain, but not all, types of cancer. A common feature of these cancers is that specific infectious agents appear to be important in their etiology, not only in immunodeficient subjects but also in the general population. People with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at an increased risk of Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva, and childhood leiomyosarcoma. It is striking that most of these cancers have been associated with specific human herpesvirus (HHV) infections: HHV-8 with Kaposi's sarcoma and the closely related Epstein-Barr virus with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and possibly also with childhood leiomyosarcoma. Moreover, similar associations between these viruses and cancer have been found, albeit inconsistently, in people who are not immunosuppressed. Further research is needed to establish whether the risk of other cancers is also increased in people with AIDS, although, if so, the cancers are likely to be rare or to have comparatively small associated relative risks. Existing evidence suggests that there may be no marked increase in the risk of two common cancers that are known to be caused by infectious agents--hepatocellular carcinoma and invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The apparent lack of an increase in invasive cervical cancer is unexpected and needs further investigation, especially since the prevalence of cervical infection with human papillomaviruses and of low-grade preneoplastic changes in the cervical epithelium is increased in women with AIDS. With the prospect of improved survival in people with AIDS, the effect of immunosuppression on cancer is likely to become an increasingly important issue.
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PMID:Overview of the epidemiology of immunodeficiency-associated cancers. 970 94

Incidence rates of different cancers have been calculated for the population of Kyadondo County (Kampala, Uganda) for four time periods (1960-1966; 1967-1971; 1991-1994; 1995-1997), spanning 38 years in total. The period coincides with marked social and lifestyle changes and with the emergence of the AIDS epidemic. Most cancers have increased in incidence over time, the only exceptions being cancers of the bladder and penis. Apart from these, the most common cancers in the early years were cervix, oesophagus and liver; all three have remained common, with the first two showing quite marked increases in incidence, as have cancers of the breast and prostate. These changes have been overshadowed by the dramatic effects of the AIDS epidemic, with Kaposi's sarcoma emerging as the most common cancer in both sexes in the 1990s, and a large increase in incidence of squamous cell cancers of the conjunctiva. In the most recent period, there also seems to have been an increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. So far, lung cancer remains rare. Cancer control in Uganda, as elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, faces a threefold challenge. With little improvement in the incidence of cancers associated with infection and poverty (liver, cervix, oesophagus), it must face the burden of AIDS-associated cancers, while coping with the emergence of cancers associated with Westernization of lifestyles (large bowel, breast and prostate).
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PMID:Trends in cancer incidence in Kyadondo County, Uganda, 1960-1997. 1078 29

Primary orbital non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. Little information is available on its genome as conventional cytogenetics is limited by scarce biopsy material, while fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) explores only selected regions. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) performs full genomic analysis and is applicable to different sources of DNA, such as fresh and frozen cells, as well as paraffin-embedded tissues. In this study, CGH was used to analyse primary MALT lymphoma of the orbit. Aneuploidy was identified in six of the ten cases studied. Gains (19) were more frequent than losses (5). The most frequent duplications involved chromosome 3 (common region at 3q24-qter), as expected in marginal zone lymphoma, and chromosome 6 (common region at 6p21.1-21.3), which is typical of an orbital location. Other chromosome gains were found at 1p, 7, 8q, 9q, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, and X. Losses were located at 1q, 6q, 9q, 11q, and 13q. Two cases showed isolated duplications of chromosome 6p or 9q. Isolated imbalances were found only in tumours affecting the conjunctiva. Complex aneuploidies were observed in lymphoma of the retro-orbital tissue. In summary, CGH in orbital MALT lymphoma provided new insights into typical genomic imbalances and underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.
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PMID:Typical genomic imbalances in primary MALT lymphoma of the orbit. 1289 3

Low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the conjunctiva may be cured by radiotherapy, but complications are frequent and relapses may occur. Other treatment modalities including resection, cryotherapy, injection of interferon-alpha or systemic chemotherapy have been used with varying success. We treated two patients with relapsed extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (ENMZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the conjunctiva with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenously once weekly for 4 wk) which has previously been shown to be effective in a variety of other B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Treatment was well tolerated and resulted in one partial and one complete remission. With a follow-up of 32 or 30 months, respectively, further recurrences have not been observed. Rituximab is a highly effective and well-tolerated treatment of conjunctival MALT lymphoma, which may not only be of value in relapse, but also in cases of contraindication to radiotherapy.
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PMID:Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in relapsed MALT lymphoma of the conjunctiva. 1534 12

Although more than 25 million people in sub-Saharan Africa have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, little is known regarding their cancer risk. We investigated cancer risk among persons with HIV/AIDS in Uganda using record-linkage. We linked records of 12,607 HIV-infected persons attending The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Kyadondo County from October 1988 through December 2002 to the Kampala Cancer Registry. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to identify increased cancer risks in the early (4-27 months after TASO registration), late (28-60 months), or combined (4-60 months) incidence periods. We identified 378 cancers (181 prevalent, 197 incident) among TASO participants. Of incident cancers, 137 (70%) were AIDS-defining cancers. Risk was increased in the early-incident period, compared to the general population, for the AIDS-defining cancers: Kaposi sarcoma (SIR 6.4, 95%CI 4.8-8.4), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6.7, 1.8-17), and cervical carcinoma (2.4, 1.1-4.4). These three cancers were also increased in the combined periods. Risks of five non-AIDS-defining cancers were increased in the combined periods: Hodgkin lymphoma (5.7, 1.2-17) and cancers of the conjunctiva (SIR 4.0; 1.5-8.7), kidney (16, 1.8-58), thyroid (5.7, 1.1-16), and uterus (5.5, 1.5-14). Cancers of the breast, nasopharynx, and lung were increased either in the early or late incident periods only. Among 407 children, seven cancers were observed, of which five were Kaposi sarcoma. The application of a record-linkage design in Africa broadens the repertoire of epidemiological tools for studying HIV-infected populations. We confirm the increased risks of AIDS-defining cancers and report increased risks of a few non-AIDS-defining cancers.
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PMID:Spectrum of cancers among HIV-infected persons in Africa: the Uganda AIDS-Cancer Registry Match Study. 1610 15


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