Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When a life-threatening or chronic disease is diagnosed, patients may find that their sense of time, the passage of days, and their view of the future are altered. Most of the time, people live in a sense of linear time, or kronos. When illness strikes, they may begin to spend more time in kairos, a sense of soul-satisfying time, such as the feeling one gets when walking on the seashore with a grandchild, working in the garden, or talking with friends over good food and wine. This article comments on two patients, one who explores kairos through a diary that documents her positive attitude toward coping with multiple sclerosis, and one, a young artist with Hodgkin disease, who explores his condition through 96 paintings of his experience of the disease. Rather than "the devouring tyrant of linear time," life can be seen in a circular fashion, the eternal braid of Hofstadter. Patients begin to see life more in terms of cycles of daily events, routines, and the change of seasons. Illness brings one "close to the bone" of the soul's needs, with a reappraisal of the journey of life as a continuous line, to life spread out on a landscape that includes the past and the future.
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PMID:Personal time: the patient's experience. 1062 53

In two female patients aged 44 and 86 years, a chronic lymphocytosis was observed caused by a proliferation of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The first one had been successfully treated for Hodgkin lymphoma long before, the second had diabetes mellitus type 2. Immunophenotyping showed the proliferating lymphocytes to be natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast to the proliferation of B- and T-lymphocytes, data on the prognosis and treatment of NK-lymphocytosis are very scarce. A literature search revealed three major clinical entities in which LGL proliferate: at one end of the spectrum we see the very aggressive NK-LGL leukaemia, at the other, NK-lymphocytosis, a benign chronic disorder, in between is the relatively indolent chronic T-LGL leukaemia. Both patients suffered from chronic NK-lymphocytosis with a favourable course; there were no further symptoms 4 and 2 years, respectively, after the diagnosis. In cases of prolonged lymphocytosis of unknown origin, immunophenotyping of the lymphocytes is essential. Only in this way can one arrive at the proper diagnosis and reach conclusions as to the prognosis and the possible methods of treatment.
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PMID:[Two patients with chronic lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes; benign or premalignant?]. 1091 13

Multiple myeloma is a clonal B-cell tumor of slowly proliferating plasma cells within the bone marrow. Among hematologic malignancies, it constitutes 10% of the cancers and ranks as the second most frequently occurring hematologic cancer in the United States, after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Interleukin-6 is an important cytokine in myeloma cell growth and proliferation. Close cell-to-cell contact between myeloma cells and the bone marrow stromal cells triggers a large amount of interleukin-6 production, which supports the growth of these cells, as well as protecting them from apoptosis induced by dexamethasone and other chemotherapeutic agents. Therapies modulating the tumor and its microenvironment are being actively pursued with the goal of converting multiple myeloma to a chronic disease with the patients maintaining a normal lifestyle.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma: present and future. 1179 Sep 77

This study was performed to determine the degree of osteopenia in children with malignancy before and after completion of treatment. Twenty six subjects (17 male, 9 female) treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=15), lymphogranulomatosis maligna (n=7) or solid tumor (n=4) at a mean age 9.34 (range 3-17.41 years) before and 15.85 (range 9.66-23) after treatment participated in this longitudinal study. Mean follow up period after discontinuation of therapy was 5.5 years (range 2.6-8.3 years). Interview (estimation of physical activity, other chronic disease, and fractures), anthropometric measurements of body mass and height, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density total (BMD Total) and spine (BMD Spine) were obtained from every child. Gained findings were compared to the same parameters in the group of 473 healthy children, comparable in age and gender with examined group and showed as SD score. There were no differences in BMI and BMD Total and Spine between patients and controls. No correlation was found between the BMD values and the diagnosis, age at diagnosis, gender and cranial irradiation and duration of follow-up. BMD Spine SD score was significantly increased in a subgroup of patients in pubertal stage at diagnosis as compared to patients in prepubertal stage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effect on BMD in patients with cancer and how to prevent a decrease of BMD.
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PMID:[Bone mineral density in children before and after completion of cancer treatment]. 1555 8

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that manifest primarily in the skin. Mycosis fungoides is recognized as the most common type of CTCL. Patients with early-stage CTCL usually have a benign and chronic disease course. However, although there is a wide array of therapeutic options for early-stage CTCL, not all patients respond to these individual therapies, resulting in refractory cutaneous disease over time. Refractory early-stage CTCL poses an important therapeutic challenge, as one of the principal treatment goals is to keep the disease confined to the skin, thereby preventing disease progression. Much of the focus of current research has been on the evaluation of already available skin-directed therapies and biologic response modifiers and combination regimens thereof, such as the combination of psoralen and UVA (PUVA) with interferon-alpha or retinoids. Recent novel developments include oral bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor-selective retinoid that has activity in all stages of CTCL and has been shown to be effective in patients with refractory early-stage disease as well as advanced-stage disease. Likewise, the topical gel formulation of bexarotene has proved to be an important therapeutic option in patients with refractory or relapsed lesions. Oral bexarotene and topical bexarotene have been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of refractory CTCL. Systemic chemotherapy is typically reserved for advanced-stage CTCL and is usually not recommended for early-stage, skin-limited disease. However, recent exploratory studies indicate that low-dose methotrexate may represent an overall well tolerated therapy in a subset of patients with refractory early-stage CTCL, as may pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, which is currently being investigated in this specific clinical setting. Another recently FDA-approved therapy is the interleukin-2 fusion toxin denileukin diftitox, which is now well established to play a role in the treatment of refractory CTCL, including early-stage extensive plaque disease. The value of other agents, such as topical tazarotene, topical methotrexate, and topical imiquimod, and of novel immunomodulatory approaches including monoclonal antibodies, still needs to be assessed for refractory early-stage CTCL.
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PMID:Management of refractory early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 1673 3

Rheumatoid arthritis is the commonest form of inflammatory arthritis and affects about 1-3% of the population in the West and even more in the developing world due to the compounded factors of late detection and inadequate treatment in the overall background of poverty, deprivation, and improper macro and micronutrients in the diet in a sizeable segment of the population. Nearly 90% of patients with aggressive disease will become clinically disabled within 20 years. Furthermore, in patients with severe disease or extra-articular symptoms, mortality is equal to that for patients with triple artery coronary artery disease or Stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. Anemia is a very common comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis. Anemia in rheumatoid arthritis is caused by various factors, for instance, cytokine impact of the advanced arthritic process on the host, or lack of proper nutrition and essential micronutrients in the diet, or coexistent helminthiasis, and/or impact of antiarthritic drugs on the host system, i.e., high steroid induced gastritis or ulcerations in gastric mucosa or subclinical or clinical hepatitis due to methotrexate or salazopyrin effects on bone marrow, only to name a few. Other pre-existing or compounding gastrointestinal problems, which alter the available iron stores or cause bone marrow dysfunction, may also help in adding to an anemic condition. If the anemia is 8 g/dl or less, blood transfusion or erythropoietin injection with adequate hematinic reserve is effective in normal situations, but is not that effective in anemia with a chronic disease background like rheumatoid arthritis. Cord blood, because of its rich mix of fetal and adult hemoglobin, high platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts, and a plasma filled with cytokine and growth factors, as well as its hypo antigenic nature and altered metabolic profile, has all the potential of a real and safe alternative to adult blood transfusion. Seventy-eight units (42 ml -136 ml mean 80.6 ml +/- 3.6 ml SD, median 82.4 ml, mean packed cell volume 48.2 +/- 2.1 SD, mean percent hemoglobin concentration 16.4 g/dl +/- 1.5 g/dl SD) of placental umbilical cord whole blood was transfused (from 1 April 1999 to April 2005) after lower uterine cesarean section (LUCS) from consenting mothers to 28 informed consenting patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis who had plasma hemoglobin of 8 g/dl or less. After collection, the blood was immediately transfused following the standard adult blood transfusion protocol. Each case was passed through the institutional ethical committee. The patients received two to six units of freshly collected placental umbilical cord blood without encountering any clinical, immunological or non-immunological reactions. Three days after completion of the transfusion of placental umbilical cord blood, the peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (CD34) estimation revealed a rise from the pretransfusion base level (.09%), varying from 2.03 to 23%, which returned to base level in most of the cases at the three-month CD34 re-estimation, without provoking any clinical graft vs host reaction in any of the patients.
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PMID:Placental umbilical cord whole blood transfusion to combat anemia in the background of advanced rheumatoid arthritis and emaciation and its potential role as immunoadjuvant therapy. 1676 35

Lymphoma disease and immunosuppressive drugs used in this case cause immunity disorders increasing the risk of severe infections, including influenza. There are opinions that patients from high-risk group are not able to respond to vaccination effectively and vaccination may contribute to exacerbation of the chronic disease. The aim was to assess humoral response to influenza vaccine in 32 patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (mean age 57.2) and 32 healthy subjects (mean age 44.3). Sixteen patients were treated with immunosupressive drugs (group A) and 11 were not subjected to this therapy (group B). Levels of antihemagglutinin (anti-HA) antibodies were assessed in sera before vaccination and after 1 month by hemagglutination inhibition test. Nasal and throat swabs were collected from persons with influenza symptoms during the study to detect the etiological agent of the infection. Post-vaccination anti-HA antibody levels were significantly higher than pre-vaccination values and mean fold increases (MFI) ranged from 9.3 to 12.2 in patients and from 27.6 to 44.3 in healthy subjects. The percentage of patients with the protective anti-HA antibody titers > or =1:40 (protection rate) ranged after vaccination from 59.4% to 68.8%. The percentage of patients with at least a four-fold increase of anti-HA antibody titers (response rate) after vaccination ranged from 46.9% to 68.8%. There were no significant differences in antibody levels between patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs and those not treated. No respiratory infections were laboratory confirmed. This study showed that influenza vaccine is less immunogenic in patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma, because it induces antibody production in lower titers in comparison to the production in healthy people. Despite this, influenza vaccine should be offered to this group, considering high MFI values and response rates as well as the protective effect for individual patients.
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PMID:Humoral response to hemagglutinin components of influenza vaccine in patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. 1687 Mar 13

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation and demyelination. Studies suggested that the viral, especially Epstein-Barr virus infection, and bacterial infections, especially Borrelia burgdorferi infection, play a role in etiology of MS. MS prevalence parallels the distribution of the Lyme disease pathogen B. burgdorferi. Criteria used for diagnosis of MS can also be fulfilled in other conditions such as Lyme disease, a multisystem disorder resulting from infection by the tick-borne spirochete, B. burgdorferi. In the late period of Lyme disease demyelinating involvement of central nervous system can develop and MS can be erroneously diagnosed. A Lyme borreliosis can mimick central nervous system lymphoma. Also, B. burgdorferi has been implicated not only in etiology of MS, but also in etiology of lymphoma. Studies suggested that there is an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients, who had a history of autoimmune diseases such as MS and that both non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease were associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. A small group of lymphomas called primary effusion lymphomas (PEL) is a recently individualized form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (WHO classification) that exhibit exclusive or dominant involvement of serous cavities, without a detectable solid tumor mass. These lymphomas have also been linked to Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus type 8 infections but virus negative cases have been described. Therefore, we propose that MS and neuroborreliosis are linked to central nervous system primary effusion lymphomas. As a first step in confirming or refuting our hypotheses, we suggest a thorough study of CSF in the patients suspected for the diagnosis of MS and Lyme borreliosis.
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PMID:Lyme borreliosis and multiple sclerosis are associated with primary effusion lymphoma. 1719 15

The role of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in the management of lymphoid malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) has not been clearly characterized. There is emerging evidence pointing to the effectiveness of this approach, particularly in patients with low-grade disease, although to date this has been reported only in small numbers of patients, and thus the utility of this treatment remains uncertain. A total of 28 patients with low-grade lymphoid malignancies previously treated with allogeneic SCT received a total of 68 infusions of donor lymphocytes. The diagnoses were indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 23) and transformed NHL (n = 5), and the indications for DLI were progressive disease with or without mixed chimerism (MC) (n = 17) and persistent MC alone (n = 11). Escalating doses of cells were administered in the absence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or continued disease progression, until stable full donor chimerism or disease response were achieved. The cumulative response rates after DLI to treat progressive disease and persistent MC were 76.5% and 91.6%, respectively. The major toxicity resulting from the use of donor lymphocytes was GVHD. The cumulative incidence of acute grade II-IV disease was 15%, and that of extensive chronic disease was 31%; there were no deaths resulting from GVHD. Seven patients had graft-versus-lymphoma responses without significant GVHD. These data support the existence of a clinically significant graft-versus-tumor effect in indolent NHL and suggest that this is an effective treatment for progressive disease after allogeneic SCT.
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PMID:High response rate to donor lymphocyte infusion after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 1815 61

In recent years the nature of HIV infection has been dramatically transformed from an invariably fatal disease to a chronic disorder with a relatively benign course. Disease progression from HIV to AIDS and HIV-related mortality can be reduced effectively by several years of treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients who do not have access to HAART, HIV infection continues to be a lethal disorder characterized by opportunistic infection with uncommon organisms (e.g. mycobacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses), as well as lethal malignancies such as Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis or cervix. In patients receiving HAART, urologic complications are likely to be caused by adverse effects of antiretroviral medication (e.g. indinavir urolithiasis) or disorders associated with aging, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Prospective clinical trials have shown that adult male circumcision can reduce the rate of female to male HIV transmission by more than 50%; however, the development of preventive or curative modalities with 100% efficacy remains elusive.
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PMID:Urologic complications of HIV and AIDS. 1913 4


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