Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Improved survival resulting from advances in therapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease is associated with long-term morbidity, including the potential for the development of a second solid malignancy. We report a 44-year-old man with an unusually aggressive course of thyroid carcinoma 15 years after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. In a review of the English-language literature, we found 21 cases of thyroid cancer following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease, with latency periods ranging from 6 to 48 years. The development of secondary thyroid cancer after high-dose neck irradiation may be related to hypothyroidism, itself a complication of radiotherapy. Thyroid function should be measured at least once a year in all patients given neck irradiation, with initiation of thyroid hormone replacement if there is evidence of sustained hypothyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Thyroid cancer following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: a case report and review of the literature. 374 40

Patients with diffusely increased uptake in both kidneys (often referred to as "host kidneys") on Tc-99m-MDP bone imaging were evaluated. Among 2056 patients reviewed, this finding was seen in 13 patients (0.63%): four with liver cirrhosis, two with lung cancer, one each with primary hepatoma, Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphoma, thyroid cancer, leukemia, sideroblastic anemia and diabetes mellitus. Renal vascular disease and iron overload are considered to be the major causes of this finding.
 ...
PMID:Diffusely increased Tc-99m-MDP uptake in both kidneys. 645 33

Radiation-associated thyroid carcinoma is of clinical importance in modern radiation therapy of both Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), because anatomically the thyroid is often in the radiation field. We have reviewed the records of HD and NHL patients seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) between 1910 and 1960 to determine associated occurrence of thyroid cancer. Radiation therapy was the major therapeutic modality with the occasional use of single agent chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard, triethylene melamine (TEM), chlorambucil and prednisone. There were 519 patients with HD and 863 with NHL. The thyroid glands of 439 (84%) HD and 544 (63%) NHL patients were included in the field of radiation. The mean age of patients with HD was 39 yr while for those with NHL, it was 53 yr. The mean survival in HD was 4.2 yr and in NHL 3.8 yr. There were three cases of thyroid cancer among the HD patients occurring 31, 44 and 48 yr, respectively, after radiation therapy. When compared with the number of thyroid cancers expected to develop, the incidence was significantly greater (p less than 0.005). In contrast, three NHL patients were found to have thyroid cancer at the time of surgery or postmortem examination. This number is again greater than expected in such a population (p less than 0.005); however, in only two cases could the cancer be considered as a sequela to NHL treatment. In all three cases the cancer turned out to be subclinical thyroid carcinoma, incidentally found at surgery or autopsy. One of the patients is still alive without evidence of either disease. The reason for this difference between patients with HD and NHL treated with a similar principle is unclear. Some of the factors contributing to this difference may include: the younger age of HD patients at diagnosis; the longer survival of patients with HD as compared with those with NHL; differences in the sites of radiation and type of treatment given; and possible differences in immunological status between the two groups.
 ...
PMID:Association of thyroid carcinoma with malignant lymphoma. 664 82

Due to the long latency period for solid tumor induction (median 12-13 years), the radiation-induced malignancies now being observed are mostly related to the era of kilovoltage irradiation. Some tumors, such as thyroid cancer, have very low, if any, threshold dose for tumor induction. Sarcomas appear to require higher doses (approximately 100 rads) for induction. Controversy exists as to whether high doses of irradiation are less carcinogenic than lower doses due to greater cell killing at high doses. Acute leukemia has been induced by either irradiation alone or chemotherapy alone. Current intensive therapy protocols using combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or prolonged chemotherapy, are more leukemogenic, with the 4-year actuarial risk of leukemia in the range 4-17%. Immunosuppression due to various disease states or treatments had been accompanied by malignant tumors, often lymphomas in unusual sites such as the central nervous system. Unusual non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have recently been observed in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease, suggesting that some secondary neoplasms in cancer patients are related to immunosuppression.
 ...
PMID:Adverse effects of cancer therapy. Risk of secondary neoplasms. 709 71

Three patients (two female and one male), who had received mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease eight, ten, and twelve years previously, developed papillary thyroid carcinoma. The radiation doses to the necks overlying the site of thyroid cancers were 3000, 4000, and 4100 rads, respectively. It has been stated that there is no risk of developing thyroid cancer with such high doses of external irradiation but apparently this complication will be encountered in a small number of patients.
 ...
PMID:Thyroid carcinoma after high-dose external radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: report of three cases. 737 Sep 51

The ongoing JANUS project was started in 1973. The serum bank comprises 424,938 serum samples consolidated from 293,692 donors. The specimens are stored at -25 degrees C. From 1 to 13 consecutive samples are available from each donor. Up to October 1993 about 14,000 of the donors had developed some form of cancer. Frozen serum samples collected from a few months to 19 years prior to clinical recognition of their disease are available for research purposes. The principle aim of the JANUS project is to search in the premorbid sera for chemical, biochemical, immunological or other changes that might be indicative of cancer development at early stages. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis have been used to evaluate the stability of the frozen sera. Some recent findings are: CA-125 may be elevated months prior to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer; serum thyroglobulin may be a preclinical tumor marker in subgroups of thyroid cancer; low levels of selenium in serum reflects increased risk of thyroid cancer; raised antibodies in serum against Epstein-Barr virus is a risk factor for development of Hodgkins disease; prostate-specific antigen may be elevated years prior to clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer; and linoleic acid in serum phospholipids is inversely related to breast cancer risk. The serum bank is, in principle, suitable for environmental studies, e.g., human exposure assessment. The steering committee of the JANUS project is open to suggestions for collaborative research on this topic.
 ...
PMID:Experiences of the Janus Serum Bank in Norway. 763 18

Cancer of unknown primary is a clinical challenge that occurs in about 10% of the cancer patients. The major goal is to identify curable patients, while unnecessary efforts and discomfort should be avoided in intreatable patients. Extensive radiological examinations and serum tumour markers have turned out to be unsatisfactory means to establish the origin of the metastasis in patients with cancer of unknown origin. The crucial step for precise diagnosis is histopathological examination of the malignant tissue. Transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry and genetic analysis are being increasingly used in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with cancer of unknown primary. Once a diagnosis is strongly suggested, specific treatment can be administered according to treatment in advanced known cancer. While regional disease is amenable to surgery and/or radiation therapy, multimodality treatment should be considered in treatable disseminated disease. Subsets of patients with a favourable prognosis include non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, germ cell tumours and thyroid cancer. A fair response to combination therapy can be expected in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer, while metastatic gastrointestinal or urogenital tumours remain difficult to treat. If it is not possible to identify the primary, empiric chemotherapy may provide a chance for cure in about 5% of the cases. The most common regimen employs 5-fluorouracil, adriblastin and mitomycin C. All in all, the prognosis of patients with the CUP-syndrome remains poor--the median survival in somewhat less than six months.
 ...
PMID:Cancer of unknown primary site. 805 45

An industrial accident in Seveso, Italy, in 1976, caused contamination of the residential community with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We investigated cancer occurrence in the first post-accident decade (1977-1986) among nearly 20,000 subjects aged 0-19 years. People who left the area were actively followed with a 99% follow-up rate. For reported cancer cases confirmation was obtained through consultation with original medical records. Two ovarian cancers were observed versus none expected. A suggestive increase was seen for Hodgkin's lymphoma (relative risk [RR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-7.6). Myeloid leukaemia showed a clear, but not statistically significant increase (RR = 2.7; 95% CI = 0.7-11.4). The most prominent result concerned thyroid cancer, not just for the magnitude of the increase (two cases, RR = 4.6; 95% CI = 0.6-32.7), but also for its consistency with experimental findings and previous observations in humans. Any conclusive interpretation would be premature because of the short time since initial exposure, ecological definition of exposure status, and limited number of events.
 ...
PMID:Cancer in a young population in a dioxin-contaminated area. 814 81

The on-going JANUS project was initiated by the Norwegian Cancer Society in 1973. The serum bank comprises close to 0.5 million serum samples collected from 170,000 donors. From 2-16 consecutive samples are available from each donor. The sera are stored at -25 degrees C. At regular intervals the JANUS-collection is matched against the files of the Norwegian Cancer Registry. From 1973 to 1991 almost 5000 of the donors have developed some form of cancer. Frozen serum samples collected from a few months to 18 years prior to clinical recognition of their disease are consequently available for research purposes. The aim of the JANUS-project is to search in these premorbid sera for chemical, biochemical, immunological or other changes that might be indicative of cancer development at early stages. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis have been used to evaluate the stability of the frozen sera. Some recent findings are: CA125 is elevated several months prior to diagnosis of ovarian cancer; serum thyroglobulin may be a preclinical tumour marker in subgroups of thyroid cancer; low level of selenium in serum reflects increased risk of thyroid cancer; and raised antibodies in serum against Epstein-Barr virus is a risk factor for development of Hodgkin's disease. On-going research includes trace elements and cancer, and studies on lipid-profiles, diet and cancer. The serum bank may in principle be used for other purposes, e.g. in environmental studies. Analysis of sequential sera may determine chemical substances in the sera that might reflect differences in exposure to environmental pollutants in the period 1973-1991.
 ...
PMID:The JANUS serum bank. 827 56

Previous studies have suggested an excess cancer risk in patients with carcinoid tumours. We re-examined this association by the use of truly population-based data from the Danish Cancer Register. One thousand and twenty-nine patients with carcinoid tumours diagnosed in Denmark 1978-89 were identified and followed for the occurrence of subsequent cancers. The ratio of observed to expected cancers calculated from population rates served as a measure of the relative cancer risk (RR). The annual age-adjusted incidence rate for carcinoid tumours was 1.1 per 100,000 person-years (world standardized). The overall relative risk of subsequent cancers was 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.6). Thyroid cancer, tumours of the brain and nervous system and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were in excess. Overall, this study does not support previous findings of a general excess cancer risk in patients with carcinoid tumors. Significantly increased risks of cancer were observed at some sites, but these findings were based on small numbers, and consequently need further confirmation.
 ...
PMID:[Carcinoid tumors in Denmark 1978-1989 and the risk of development of new cancers]. 868 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>