Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Southern travelling habits were recorded for 127 melanoma patients from southern parts of Sweden (the 56th latitude), 55 thyroid cancer patients, 100 non-Hodgkin's patients and 794 healthy controls from the same region. Melanoma patients were found to travel significantly more often south of the 45th latitude, as compared with patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or thyroid carcinoma (RR = 2.2 for a difference of + 10 trips), and with the healthy controls (RR = 1.4 for a difference of + 10 trips). Considering men and women separately, the difference was significant only for men. Patients with melanoma had a higher educational level than the tumour controls and the healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). There was a significant correlation between high travelling frequency and high education. An increased risk related to southern travelling was present for patients with melanoma on the extremities and head and neck, as well as for patients with truncal melanoma. These findings support the concept that acute exposure to sunburn may be a risk factor for malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Southern travelling habits with special reference to tumour site in Swedish melanoma patients. 144 18

Survival rates from the Vaud Cancer Registry were compared for incident cases registered in 1974-1978 and 1979-1983. No appreciable difference was evident for most major cancer sites: 5-year relative survival rates were 0.21 in 1974-1978 and 0.23 in 1979-1983 for stomach, 0.49 and 0.46 for colon, 0.45 and 0.47 for rectum, 0.04 and 0.03 for pancreas, 0.08 and 0.10 for lung, 0.41 and 0.42 for kidney, 0.21 and 0.13 for brain, and 0.32 and 0.30 for multiple myeloma, respectively. A modest advancement in 5-year relative survival rates was, however, registered for total cancer mortality (non-melanomatous tumours excluded, from 0.41 to 0.43) while, with regard to specific sites, a significant improvement was seen only for cancer of the testis (from 0.73 to 0.88). More than 10% non-significant improvements in survival were recorded for melanomatous skin cancer (from 0.67 to 0.78), thyroid cancer (from 0.73 to 0.85), particularly in females, non-Hodgkin lymphomas (from 0.37 to 0.45), Hodgkin's disease (from 0.61 to 0.78), cancer of the ovary (from 0.28 to 0.32) and the prostate (from 0.44 to 0.52). However, significant declines in survival rates were seen for cancer of the larynx, gallbladder and biliary tract, and for connective tissue neoplasms. A few differences in the modification of relative survival rates according to age (less than 60 versus greater than or equal to 60 years) were noted for a few cancer sites. Changes were larger in older patients with respect to cancer of the prostate and thyroid and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (increases) and connective neoplasms (decreases). Conversely, changes in survival were greater or restricted to younger individuals for testis, bladder and leukaemias (improvements) and cancer of the mouth or pharynx (decline), thus suggesting the different play of age-specific biological characteristics of some tumours, in addition to diagnostic improvements and gradual spread of effective cancer treatments to more advanced age groups.
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PMID:Trends in cancer survival in Vaud, Switzerland. 151 74

Among a cohort of 981 children who were followed up 4.3-26.5 years after cessation of antileukemic therapy, eight patients in remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed a distinctively new malignant disease. The second malignant neoplasms (SMN) included brain tumors, basal cell carcinomas, thyroid cancer, leiomyosarcoma and finally rhabdomyosarcoma in a patient who also had suffered from Hodgkin's disease while still on antileukemic treatment. Cranial radiation had been given to 58.4% of the patients in the study group, which consisted of 895 ALL patients who had completed various chemotherapy protocols. With one exception, the SMN appeared after 7.5-16.5 years at a location previously exposed to radiotherapy (RT). The estimated cumulative risk of SMN appearing within 20 years after diagnosis was 2.9%, and the corresponding risk for cases with RT was 8.1% compared to 0.3% for those without (p = 0.05). In a Cox regression analysis, the incidence rate ratio of SMN between patients with and without RT was 6.7 (95% CI = 0.8, 57.7). Based on age-, year- and sex-specific cancer incidence figures for Norway, the overall standardized incidence rate ratio (SIR) of SMN after treatment for ALL was 5.9 (95% CI = 2.2, 12.9). The number of brain tumors among patients who had received cranial radiation was nearly 27 times greater than expected, whereas no such tumors were seen after chemotherapy. Individuals treated for childhood ALL are at increased risk of a new malignancy, and this seems mainly to be associated with previous irradiation.
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PMID:Second malignant neoplasms in patients treated for childhood leukemia. A population-based cohort study from the Nordic countries. The Nordic Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (NOPHO). 178 95

The present day use of systemically administered isotopes and conjugated isotopic combinations are reviewed. Administration of 131Iodine in thyroid cancer led to a 97% local control and 50% complete remission of pulmonary metastases. Specificity directed isotopic therapy (metabolic, hormonal, and antibody) is discussed and includes factors such as tumor physiology and isotopic linkage. The clinical results and new knowledge being gained in Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's, colorectal, hepatoma, intrahepatic biliary and gliomatous cancers are reviewed. The dose response relationship to tumor remission is demonstrated in Hodgkin's treated with 131I antiferritin (40% partial remission) and more recently 90Yttrium antiferritin (50% complete response). Varied routes of administration, the problem of anti-antibody and bone marrow transplantation are discussed. Finally, the challenge to radiobiologists, physicists, chemists, immunologists, nuclear radiologists, and radiation oncologists is emphasized by definition of the new laboratory and clinical approaches being developed in systemic radiation therapy.
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PMID:Systemic radiotherapy--the new frontier. 218 45

Second primary neoplasms are occurring with increasing frequency. Despite growing literature on the incidence and etiology of this phenomenon, very little has been documented about the clinical aspects and biological behavior of these tumors. As our experience has hinted at a worse prognosis for second primaries, we thought it of interest to study this phenomenon for one type of tumor. We reviewed 32 cases of thyroid cancer arising as a second neoplasm in patients with Hodgkin's disease and compared various clinical characteristics to reported series of de novo (non-radiation-induced) thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer, as a second primary, occurred more frequently in males with a more malignant histology and was diagnosed at a more advanced stage. The survival appears to be worse. The behavior of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in a host with prior malignant neoplasia appears to be more aggressive than that of both de novo (non-radiation-induced) thyroid cancer and radiation-induced thyroid cancer in a host with no prior malignancy. The selected nature of the cases precludes any firm conclusions. This type of information should be collected prospectively for all secondary malignancies as it may have an impact on the clinical management of these patients.
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PMID:The clinical behavior of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in patients with prior Hodgkin's disease. 232 Jul 43

A large excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been documented in renal transplant patients and may be related to immunosuppressive therapy, persistent antigenic challenge from the graft, or both. To determine whether immuno-suppression resulting from chronic renal failure is associated with an elevated risk of certain tumors such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the authors studied cancer incidence in a national cohort of 28,049 patients in the United States with chronic renal failure who received maintenance dialysis for at least six months (totaling 66,706 person-years of observation). Compared with national incidence rates, the relative risk (RR) of cancer was 0.9 (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, and uterine cervix cancer). Moderate excesses of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, thyroid cancer, and biliary tract cancer were found, but were not statistically significant for both sexes combined. A significantly elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (RR = 2.6) accounted for the excess observed in the total series, raising the possibility of factors specific to this disease.
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PMID:Cancer in patients receiving long-term dialysis treatment. 311 33

The risk of cancer associated with a broad range of organ doses was estimated in an international study of women with cervical cancer. Among 150,000 patients reported to one of 19 population-based cancer registries or treated in any of 20 oncology clinics, 4188 women with second cancers and 6880 matched controls were selected for detailed study. Radiation doses for selected organs were reconstructed for each patient on the basis of her original radiotherapy records. Very high doses, on the order of several hundred gray, were found to increase the risk of cancers of the bladder [relative risk (RR) = 4.0], rectum (RR = 1.8), vagina (RR = 2.7), and possibly bone (RR = 1.3), uterine corpus (RR = 1.3), cecum (RR = 1.5), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 2.5). For all female genital cancers taken together, a sharp dose-response gradient was observed, reaching fivefold for doses more than 150 Gy. Several gray increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 2.1) and leukemia (RR = 2.0). Although cancer of the pancreas was elevated, there was no evidence of a dose-dependent risk. Cancer of the kidney was significantly increased among 15-year survivors. A nonsignificant twofold risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer was observed following an average dose of only 0.11 Gy. Breast cancer was not increased overall, despite an average dose of 0.31 Gy and 953 cases available for evaluation (RR = 0.9); there was, however, a weak suggestion of a dose response among women whose ovaries had been surgically removed. Doses greater than 6 Gy to the ovaries reduced breast cancer risk by 44%. A significant deficit of ovarian cancer was observed within 5 years of radiotherapy; in contrast, a dose response was suggested among 10-year survivors. Radiation was not found to increase the overall risk of cancers of the small intestine, colon, ovary, vulva, connective tissue, breast, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. For most cancers associated with radiation, risks were highest among long-term survivors and appeared concentrated among women irradiated at relatively younger ages.
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PMID:Radiation dose and second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. 318 29

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

Time trends and differentials in cancer incidence in the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, were investigated, using material collected by the cancer registries in each country. The incidence at all sites combined and at 23 anatomical sites was studied by age, birth cohort and time period. The maximum lengths of the trends were used for each country. In Denmark the material comprised all the tumours diagnosed in 1943-1980, in Finland and Norway those diagnosed in 1953-1980, in Iceland those diagnosed in 1955-1980, and in Sweden those diagnosed in 1958-1980. For males the age-adjusted cancer incidence rates at all sites combined were highest in Denmark and Finland, and lowest in Sweden and Norway. In females the incidence was highest in Denmark and Iceland, and lowest in Finland. The rates increased slightly for both sexes. For cancer of the pancreas, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukaemia and childhood cancer (all sites combined) the rates in all the Nordic countries were similar every year. For cancers of the stomach, colon, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, testis, urinary bladder, melanoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the trends were similar but on different levels. For cancers of the larynx and lung in males the rates in Finland decreased during the 1970s, whereas the rates were increasing in the other Nordic countries. For cancer of the rectum, the trend showed a decrease in Denmark but an increase in the other Nordic countries. For lip cancer the rate in Sweden was almost constant over time, but in Denmark, Finland and Norway a decrease occurred. For oesophageal cancer in males the rates decreased in Finland and Iceland in the 1970s, whereas in Denmark and Norway there was very little change, and in Sweden there was an increase in the rates. For cancer of the cervix uteri the rates started to decrease in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden in the mid-1960s, but in Norway not until some ten years later. The differentials between the countries were largest for cancers of the testis and thyroid, in which the highest incidence was five to six times as large as the lowest. For testicular cancer the rate was the highest in Denmark, for thyroid cancer in Iceland. For both of these cancers the rate was the lowest in Finland. Melanoma of the skin was the cancer with the most rapid increase in incidence with time in all the Nordic countries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Trends in cancer incidence in the Nordic countries. A collaborative study of the five Nordic Cancer Registries. 346 96

Several inflammatory processes can cause nodules or swelling in the neck. A complete physical examination and, usually, laboratory testing are required to establish the diagnosis. Common infections include cervical lymphadenitis and tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease, infection in the neck spaces, infectious mononucleosis, and syphilis. Primary or metastatic cancer may also be the cause. Cervical metastasis often presents as a neck mass. Although a primary tumor may not be found immediately when a neck mass is being evaluated, one is often discovered later. Other types of malignancy that may be present are histiocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid cancer, and a salivary (most often parotid) gland tumor. Symptomatic treatment is sometimes adequate for infectious disease, but administration of antituberculous drugs or antibiotics may also be necessary. Incision and drainage are required for some nodes and abscesses. For neck masses caused by neoplasms, fine-needle aspiration cytology or biopsy is performed. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment consists of dissection, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.
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PMID:The neck mass. 2. Inflammatory and neoplastic causes. 355 1


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