Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With fewer patients now succumbing to infectious complications of AIDS, other HIV-related morbidities, such as malignancies, have become increasingly important. Apart from Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical cancer, which are considered as AIDS-defining, several additional cancers, referred to as non-AIDS-defining cancers, are also statistically increased in HIV-infected persons. These include Hodgkin's disease, anal carcinoma, lung cancer, nonmelanomatous skin cancer, and testicular germ cell tumors, among others. However, the types of cancer observed at an increased frequency and the relative risks reported vary widely among studies. Although immunosuppression is consistently associated with an increased risk of AIDS-related malignancies, the role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of non-AIDS- defining cancers is controversial. Although data regarding the optimal management of these cancers are lacking, current studies suggest that patients with HIV-associated malignancies should be treated with similar approaches to those of their counterparts in the general population.
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PMID:Non-AIDS-defining cancers and HIV infection. 1609 Dec 62

Compared with the general population, solid organ transplant recipients, including renal transplant patients, who are under long-term immunosuppression, present with up to a 120-fold increased risk of developing skin cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. For the renal transplant population with prior long-term dialysis, there is also an enhanced potentiality of native kidney malignancy. The authors present a case with a posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder of the duodenum and concomitant left native papillary renal cell carcinoma. The uncommon coexistence of these 2 malignant processes is demonstrated by PET/CT imaging.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr Virus-negative posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder with coexisting native renal cell carcinoma: PET/CT demonstration. 1655 20

Accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of sunlight on several types of cancer with a high mortality rate makes it necessary to reconsider the health recommendations on sun exposure, which are now mainly based on the increased risks for skin cancer. We reviewed all published studies concerning sun exposure and cancer, excluding skin cancer. All selected studies on prostate (3 ecologic, 3 case-control and 2 cohort), breast (4 ecologic, 1 case-control and 2 cohort) and ovary cancer (2 ecologic and 1 case-control) showed a significantly inverse correlation between sunlight and mortality or incidence. Two ecologic, 1 case-control and 2 prospective studies showed an inverse relation between sunlight and colon cancer mortality; 1 case-control study found no such association. Ecologic studies on non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) mortality and sunlight gave conflicting results: early studies showing mostly positive and later studies showing mostly negative correlations. Three case-control studies and 1 cohort study found a significant inverse association between the incidence of NHL and sunlight. The question of how to apply these findings to (public) health recommendations is discussed.
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PMID:Does sunlight prevent cancer? A systematic review. 1690 14

Individuals diagnosed with skin cancer have elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and those with non-Hodgkin lymphoma have excess rates of various types of skin cancers. Sunshine and other sources of ultraviolet radiation are major risk factors for skin cancer, and hence a potential common link between skin cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We analyzed the relationship between occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma using data from a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy between 1985 and 1997. Cases were 446 patients with histologically confirmed incident non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and controls were 1295 patients admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic, non-immunological conditions. The multivariate odds ratios were computed after allowance for age, sex, area of residence, education and smoking. The odds ratio for patients reporting ever ultraviolet exposure at work was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.72-1.43) and 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.72-1.49) for exposure longer than 10 years. The odds ratio was 1.09 for manual workers and 0.79 for farmers exposed to ultraviolet radiation, compared with those with other occupations not exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Our study found no association between occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 1691 75

There is a significant association between non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. This review highlights the existing data on the phenomenon of accelerated skin cancer in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and specifically chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The outcomes of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) and non-melanoma skin cancer are worse than in patients without concomitant lymphoreticular malignancy, as shown by increased rates of local recurrence, regional metastasis and death. Pathogenic factors may be common between non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and skin cancer. The treatment of skin cancer in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma must factor in the worse prognosis and adapt standard therapeutic approaches to minimize the risk of metastasis and death. Preventive strategies and early detection are paramount in this high-risk population.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and skin cancer: A dangerous combination. 1703 63

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are known risk factors for second cancers after lymphoma. The role of genetic influences, however, remains largely unknown. We assessed risk of second cancers associated with family history of any cancer in 41,181 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (n = 7,476), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n = 25,941), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n = 7,764), using a large population-based database. Family history of cancer was based on a diagnosis of any cancer in 110,862 first-degree relatives. We found increased relative risk (RR) (1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-3.16) of breast cancer among HL patient with positive (vs. negative) family history of cancer. Among CLL patients with positive (vs. negative) family history of cancer, we observed elevated risks of bladder (RR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.31-9.55) and prostate cancer (RR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.17-3.94). For NHL patients with positive (vs. negative) family history of cancer, we observed non-significantly increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (RR = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.86-4.38) and lung cancer (RR = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.73-5.39). Our observations suggest that genetic factors, as measured by positive family history of cancer, may be influential risk-factors for selected second tumors following lymphoproliferative disorders.
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PMID:Risk of second malignant neoplasms among lymphoma patients with a family history of cancer. 1713 30

There is increasing evidence that vitamin D reduces the risk of many types of cancer. Geographic variations in cancer mortality rates in Spain are apparently linked to variations in solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiances and other factors. Cancer mortality rates for 48 continental Spanish provinces for 1978-1992 were used in linear regression analyses with respect to mortality rates for latitude (an index of solar UVB levels), skin cancer (an index of high cumulative UVB irradiance), melanoma (an index related to solar UV irradiance and several other factors) and lung cancer (an index of cumulative effects of smoking). The 9 cancers with mortality rates significantly correlated with latitude for 1 or both sexes were brain, gastric, melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), pancreatic, pleural, rectal and thyroid cancer. Inverse correlations with latitude were found for laryngeal, lung and uterine corpus cancer. The 17 cancers inversely correlated with NMSC are bladder, brain, breast, colon, esophageal, gallbladder, Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung, melanoma, multiple myeloma, NHL, ovarian, pancreatic, pleural, rectal, thyroid and uterine corpus cancer. The 16 correlated with melanoma are bladder, brain, breast, colon, gallbladder, leukemia, lung, multiple myeloma, NHL, ovarian, pancreatic, pleural, prostate, rectal, renal and uterine corpus cancer. The results for lung cancer were in accordance with the literature. These results provide more support for the UVB/vitamin D/cancer hypothesis and indicate a new way to investigate the role of solar UV irradiance on cancer risk. They also provide more evidence that melanoma and NMSC have different etiologies.
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PMID:An ecologic study of cancer mortality rates in Spain with respect to indices of solar UVB irradiance and smoking. 1714 99

The negative effects of sunlight include the more frequent or earlier development of skin cancer and degenerative changes in the skin, and the occurrence ofphotodermatoses. - However, sunlight also has a favourable effects; specifically, it may inhibit the development and progression of diseases of the bones, muscles and skin, ofvarious malignancies (carcinoma of the prostate, breast, colon and ovary, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and may prevent certain autoimmune diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis. - This protective effect is ascribed to an increased synthesis of vitamin D, which is important for bone metabolism and is also able to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, tumour invasion and angiogenesis. - The possible consequence of this new information is that public information regarding exposure to sunlight must continue to include a warning against excessive exposure to the sun, while at the same time stimulating regular although limited sunbathing.
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PMID:[Favourable and unfavourable effects of exposure to sunlight]. 1731 88

It was initially hypothesized that sun exposure might cause non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) on the following grounds: its incidence was increasing in parallel with that of cutaneous melanoma; its risk was increased in those with a history of melanoma or other skin cancer; sun exposure causes immune suppression; and immunosuppression for other reasons is associated with an increased risk of NHL. The association of NHL with prior skin cancer has been found consistently in subsequent studies, but results of ecological analyses have only partially supported this hypothesis. Contrary to it, three recent studies of NHL in individuals found that risk decreased, generally by 25% to 40%, across categories of increasing total or recreational, but not occupational, sun exposure. One study, thus far reported only in abstract, showed the opposite. Production of vitamin D from sun exposure offers a plausible mechanism for protection against NHL by sun exposure. A recent study has found a reduced risk of NHL in people with a high dietary intake of vitamin D. Results of additional studies in individuals and a planned original-data meta-analysis of case-control studies should help to resolve the present conflicting results on sun exposure and NHL.
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PMID:Sun exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 1733 44

The relative frequency of malignant disease varies with sex, age, race and geographic location. The frequency differs among the developed and developing countries. A review of the first 5000 histologically confirmed malignancies seen at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital Oncology Department confirmed differences from those encountered elsewhere. With the absence of a National Cancer Registry, only relative frequencies can be reported. In this series, gastrointestinal tract cancers were the most frequent, at nearly 18%, with high relative frequency of cancers of the liver and esophagus. Colorectal malignancies were less frequent than in the West. Lymphoma was the second most frequent malignancy at 13% with 2.5:1 ratio of non-Hodgkin lymphoma to Hodgkin disease. In both groups, poor prognostic histological varieties were more frequent than in the West. Breast cancer was the most frequent malignancy in females, accounting for 24% of all female cancers, in spite of the infrequency of the traditional risk factors of nulliparity, late age of first pregnancy, late age of menopause, and high dietary fat consumption. Two-thirds of patients with breast cancer were premenopausal. Other malignancies encountered at a higher frequency than in developed countries include hepatocellular carcinoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. This high relative frequency could be related to the high incidence of viral hepatitis and Epstein-Barr virus infections, respectively. The high relative frequency of oral cavity cancers is presumed to be due to chewing Qat and Shama. Thyroid cancer relative frequency was just over 5%, with a high predominance in females. No obvious etiological factors are identified. The relative frequency of bronchogenic cancer is low at 5%. This is likely to increase with the progressive rise in the habit of cigarette smoking. Skin cancer, on the other hand, is low, presumably due to the traditional dress covering the entire body and the head.
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PMID:Profile of cancer in Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital. 1758 89


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