Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a case of Ki-1-positive lymphoma are presented and discussed. On fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy smears, the Ki-1-positive lymphoma was characterized by large isolated cells with abundant dense/vacuolated cytoplasm and large nuclei with irregular profiles. Although most cells contained one nucleus, binucleated and multilobed/multinucleated cells were also seen. The cohesion of the malignant cells in histologic sections of a biopsied lymph node suggested an anaplastic carcinoma. The discrepancy was resolved by ultrastructural and immunologic analyses. The main differential diagnoses on FNA material include Hodgkin's disease, malignant melanoma and undifferentiated carcinoma; the cytologic suspicion should be confirmed by immunocytochemical studies.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration biopsy of Ki-1-positive large-cell "anaplastic" lymphoma. 164 22

Five anterior mediastinal tumors were biopsied with a fine needle under ultrasound guidance. All the tumors were solid, hypoechoic, perivascularly situated masses. Their mean diameter was 7.2 cm. Cytologically there were 2 mediastinal metastatic carcinomas, 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 germ-cell tumor (embryonal cell carcinoma), and 1 malignant lymphoma or thymoma. There were no complications. Ultrasound-guided anterior mediastinal aspiration biopsy is a safe and rapid procedure in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses. Biopsy of a mediastinal mass enables simultaneous diagnosis and staging. Mediastinoscopy and diagnostic thoracotomy can be avoided.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses. 164 24

Cryostat sections from lymph nodes of 47 Hodgkin disease patients were examined by immunohistology for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein (LMP), nuclear antigen 2, and late viral glycoprotein gp350/250. A distinct LMP-specific membrane and cytoplasmic staining was detected exclusively in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in 18 patients (38%); EBV nuclear antigen 2 and gp350/250 immunoreactivity was absent in all instances. Thirty-two of 47 (68%) cases contained EBV-specific DNA sequences as detected by PCR, all LMP-positive cases being in this category. Our results confirm previous studies establishing the presence of EBV genomes in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells by demonstrating expression of an EBV-encoded protein in the tumor-cell population. The finding of LMP expression in the absence of EBV nuclear antigen 2 suggests a pattern of EBV gene expression different from that of B-lymphoblastoid cell lines and Burkitt lymphoma, whereas this finding shows similarities with that seen in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Because the LMP gene has transforming potential, our findings support the concept of a pathoetiological role of EBV in many cases of Hodgkin disease.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. 164 16

Chemotherapy cures a minority of adult tumours (e.g. Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute leukaemia, teratoma) and the majority of childhood tumours. Prolongation of survival by chemotherapy has been shown for small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and breast carcinoma (when used as an adjuvant). However, in the majority of solid tumours there is a less than 20% response to chemotherapy and even curable tumours may relapse and become resistant. Resistance may be de novo, acquired as a stable change within the cell, or be rapidly inducible within the cell after drug administration. Several mechanisms have been described including multidrug resistance, glutathione transferases and DNA repair. Understanding these mechanisms may help to improve the therapeutic ratio and develop new approaches.
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PMID:Drug resistance. 165 Jun 21

Seven men and one woman (aged 20-70 years) with superior vena cava syndrome underwent diagnostic mediastinoscopy to elucidate the cause, which other, lesser procedures had not identified. Intraoperative frozen-section studies of the biopsy specimens revealed small-cell carcinoma (4 cases), large-cell carcinoma (1), squamous-cell carcinoma (1), large-cell lymphoma (1) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (1). Radiotherapy or chemotherapy was initiated within the following 24 hours in six cases. One of the tumors intraoperatively diagnosed as small-cell carcinoma was subsequently reclassified as lymphocytic lymphoma. Complicating hemorrhage from the right carotid artery required median sternotomy in one case and wound infection occurred in another. There was no mediastinoscopy-related mortality. Mediastinoscopy is useful and reliable in the diagnostic emergency posed by the superior vena cava syndrome.
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PMID:Mediastinoscopy as an emergency diagnostic procedure in superior vena cava syndrome. 165 26

This review first considered some general problems in establishing causal links between a virus and a human cancer and offered some guidelines in the pursuit of this objective. Second, it reviewed the current causal associations for several candidate oncogenic viruses in relation to the tumors with which they are associated. These include Epstein-Barr virus in relation to Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; hepatitis B and C viruses in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma; human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 and atypical leukemia/lymphoma; and human papilloma viruses in relation to cervical carcinoma. For some, the causal relationship is strong: hepatitis B virus with hepatocellular carcinoma, and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. For one, the causal relationship is moderate: Epstein-Barr virus with African Burkitt's lymphoma. For others it is incomplete or inconclusive: Epstein-Barr virus with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and hepatitis C virus with hepatocellular carcinoma. Current techniques do not permit an answer for some: human papilloma virus with cervical carcinoma.
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PMID:Viruses and cancer. Causal associations. 166 91

To investigate the effect of splenectomy on lymphocyte subpopulations we monitored changes in serum concentrations of soluble suppressor/cytotoxic (sCD8) and soluble helper/inducer (sCD4) antigen in 11 splenectomized patients. Indications for splenectomy were hereditary spherocytosis in 2, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 2, gastric carcinoma in 4, Hodgkin's disease in 2 and pancreatitis in 1 patient. Lymphocyte subpopulations were also analyzed by means of conventional immunophenotyping with monoclonal antibodies to CD4 and CD8. We consistently found an early postoperative drop of sCD8 and sCD4 levels within the first week after splenectomy, paralleling changes in the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. While alterations of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood were completely reversible and sCD4 levels returned to preoperative values, sCD8 concentrations remained suppressed even 3 months after splenectomy. SCD8 levels at the nadir and those 3 months after splenectomy were significantly lower than preoperative values (P = 0.003, P = 0.149 respectively). Since sCD8 levels reflect suppressor/cytotoxic cell activity, we suggest that suppressor cell activity is reduced in splenectomized patients.
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PMID:Decrease in soluble CD8 antigen levels in splenectomized patients as an index for reduced suppressor/cytotoxic cell activity. 168 49

An antigen specifically expressed on the surface of plasma membrane of B-lymphocytes and Reed-Sternberg cells was identified using a newly developed monoclonal antibody produced by immunization by BALB/c mouse with a Hodgkin's cell line (HDLM-3). The antibody was termed anti-BLA.36 (B lymphocyte antigen.36) to indicate its predominant reactivity and the molecular weight of the corresponding antigen. By using immunoperoxidase techniques, expression of BLA.36 was detected on Hodgkin's, B-, and pre-B-cell lines, but not on other hematopoietic, melanoma, or carcinoma cell lines. In normal tissues, BLA.36 was detectable predominantly on cells in the germinal center and mantle zone of reactive follicles in lymph nodes and spleen. In hematopoietic malignancy, BLA.36 was detectable on the surface of Reed-Sternberg cells, mononuclear Hodgkin's cells, and also on malignant cells of B-cell lineage. Under these conditions, T-lymphocytes, histiocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, stromal cells in lymphoid tissue, and both normal and neoplastic epithelial cells were consistently negative for the expression of the antigen, with the single exception of a variable proportion of Kupffer cells in normal liver. Biochemical and immunological analyses indicate that BLA.36 is distinct from previously identified antigens of hematopoietic cell lineage, including CD20 and CD75 (LN2) which have similar molecular weights. When BLA.36-positive cell lines were cultured in the presence of the antibody, cell growth was adversely affected. Such an effect was eliminated by removal of the antibody from the culture, suggesting a possible growth-related function of the antigen. Anti-BLA.36 may serve as a probe to study growth-related functions of the corresponding antigen during normal growth of the B-lymphocyte, as well as in the neoplastic proliferations occurring in Hodgkin's disease and antigen-positive B-cell lymphomas. Finally, the antibody has already demonstrated its usefulness for the identification of Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells, and also normal and malignant B-lymphocytes in frozen as well as formalin- or B5-fixed/paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
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PMID:Characterization of a cell surface molecule expressed on B-lymphocytes and Hodgkin's cells. 168 14

Complete atrioventricular block (AVB) following radiotherapy has been reported rarely, usually after high dose mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease or lung or breast carcinoma. We report six new cases of episodic complete infranodal AVB, requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. The mean age was 48-years old (ranging from 25-60) at the first Adams Stokes attack, mean delay was 12 years after irradiation (10-18), and mean radiation dose was 5,200 rads (4,000-6,500). All patients had abnormal interval electrocardiograms (right bundle branch block in two, left bundle branch block in three, alternating left and right bundle branch block in one). Electrocardiograms during the episode of AVB or Holter recordings were consistent with infranodal block in all patients; electrophysiological study performed in five patients confirmed infranodal AVB in four, and one was normal. Pericardial disease was constant, which included pericardial constriction in four patients. Two patients died after failure of pericardiectomy to improve congestive heart failure, due to epicardial, myocardial, and endocardial involvement. Noncardiac mediastinal lesions were present in four cases. Since this delayed complication may occur in patients of such age that the relation between the AVB and the chest irradiation is questionable, we propose the following etiologic criteria; high radiation dose (over 4,000 rads); delay of 10 years or more; abnormal interval tracings; pericardial involvement; and associated cardiac or mediastinal radiation-induced lesions.
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PMID:Complete atrioventricular block following mediastinal irradiation: a report of six cases. 171 48

The authors report the histories of two patients with undifferentiated carcinoma metastatic to lymph nodes simulating the "syncytial variant" of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. One of the patients initially was treated for Hodgkin's disease, but the clinical evolution was more typical of carcinoma. Both lesions were characterized histologically by noncohesive aggregates of large neoplastic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and conspicuous nucleoli. Although cells compatible with diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells were identified in an "appropriate" cellular background in both patients, the diagnosis of carcinoma was supported by intense cytokeratin immunoreactivity. Subtle histologic clues that should suggest the possibility of metastatic carcinoma in a patient whose morphologic data suggests the syncytial variant of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease include sinus infiltration, phagocytosis of neutrophils by tumor cells, marked nuclear anaplasia, and the presence of spindle-shaped tumor cells.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes simulating "syncytial variant" of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. 171 96


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