Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper presents detailed morphological characteristics of 31 thymomas and 25 microscopically similar neoplasias of the anterior mediastinum (carcinoid, seminoma, lymphogranulomatosis, angiofollicular lymphoma, etc). The term "thymoma" is determined as a tumour consisting of two components: mandatory epithelial one and lymphocytes. The diversity of the morphological picture of thymomas is determined mainly by the variability of the epithelial component. The special features of the ultrastructural organization of thymomas (the presence of desmosomes, tonofibrils and basal membrane) were revealed which facilitate the differential diagnosis of the anterior mediastinum tumours.
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PMID:[Pathological anatomy of thymus gland tumors]. 700 11

Only about 2% of the urinary tract are not of urothelial origin. Our knowledge of their morphology and biology is mainly based on single case reports, and therefore apart from a few exceptions very poor. Generally, the most often affected site is the urinary bladder (79.2%), followed by the urethra (12.7%), pelvis (4.9%) and ureter (3.2%). The urinary bladder also is the only organ in which all different histological types of these tumors were described. According to their histogenesis non-urothelial tumors (NUT) can be classified by the following main groups: soft tissue tumors, mixed epithelial and non epithelial tumors (carcinosarcomas), neuroendocrine carcinomas, carcinoids, malignant lymphomas, malignant melanomas and extragonadal germ cell tumors. Moreover some very interesting tumor-like lesions, like malakoplakia and inflammatory pseudosarcoma, mainly occur in this region. About 75% of all NUT of the urinary tract belong to the soft tissue tumors. Rhabdomyosarcomas in children and leiomyomas and -myosarcomas in adults are the more frequent histological types. Leiomyosarcomas can easily be confused with other tumor types or even with inflammatory pseudotumors. The use of immunohistochemistry to achieve a correct diagnosis is mandatory but not always successful. A relatively frequent tumor occurring in the bladder of young adults is the paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma), which usually produces typical symptoms of catecholamine excess. Carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder contain both epithelial and mesenchymal components. They have to be distinguished from collision tumors (coexistent but separate carcinoma and sarcoma), spindle cell transitional carcinomas as well as from carcinomas with osseous or cartilaginous metaplasia. Carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas developed from the neuroendocrine cells scattered all over the transitional epithelium of the bladder. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the bladder are also called "oat cell carcinomas" since they show the same histological features and immunoreactivity as the oat cell carcinomas of the lung. They share also the same poor prognosis. The affection of the urinary tract in generalized malignant lymphomas and leukemias occur in more than 30% of cases. Lymphomas, primarily localised in the urinary bladder are, however, extremely rare. The most frequent ones are low grade non Hodgkin lymphomas, although 3 cases of Hodgkin disease and a few cases of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the bladder have been reported, too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Non-urothelial tumors of the urinary tract]. 751 Dec 78

Previous studies have suggested an excess cancer risk in patients with carcinoid tumours. We re-examined this association by the use of truly population-based data from the Danish Cancer Register. One thousand and twenty-nine patients with carcinoid tumours diagnosed in Denmark 1978-89 were identified and followed for the occurrence of subsequent cancers. The ratio of observed to expected cancers calculated from population rates served as a measure of the relative cancer risk (RR). The annual age-adjusted incidence rate for carcinoid tumours was 1.1 per 100,000 person-years (world standardized). The overall relative risk of subsequent cancers was 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.6). Thyroid cancer, tumours of the brain and nervous system and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were in excess. Overall, this study does not support previous findings of a general excess cancer risk in patients with carcinoid tumors. Significantly increased risks of cancer were observed at some sites, but these findings were based on small numbers, and consequently need further confirmation.
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PMID:[Carcinoid tumors in Denmark 1978-1989 and the risk of development of new cancers]. 868 50

Sixty patients treated with whole abdominal radiotherapy who had remained disease-free since completion of treatment participated in a study to assess the late clinical and biochemical effects of bilateral renal irradiation. Minimum follow-up was 5 years with a maximum of 20 years and a median of 9 years. Fifty-two patients in the study group were treated for primary ovarian cancer. Seven had non-Hodgkins lymphoma arising in the gastrointestinal tract and one patient had a carcinoid tumour arising in small bowel. None of the patients received chemotherapy. Abdominal radiation was given using an open beam technique to a mean dose of 22.92 Gy (range 6.68-27.54 Gy) in 1.02 to 1.25 Gy fractions treated once daily. Posterior kidney shields were used in order to limit the renal dose to < 20 Gy. Mean radiation dose to both kidneys (retrospectively calculated) was 19.28 Gy (range 6.68-22.99 Gy). Patients ranged in age from 32-81 years with a median of 61 years. No patient had clinical evidence of renal impairment. Nine patients were hypertensive prior to radiotherapy and a further five patients became hypertensive after treatment. Serum creatinine values ranged from 44-123 mumol/l, with a mean of 87 mumol/l. Creatinine clearance ranged from 0.61-2.38 ml/s (mean 1.28 ml/s). Tubular function tests revealed one borderline high 24-h protein excretion and normal 24-h phosphorous and uric acid. Using a multiple linear regression analysis with creatinine clearance as the endpoint, age was the only significant variable (P < 0.00001) and renal dose and interval from treatment were not independently significant. There was no evidence of late renal toxicity more than 5 years after whole abdominal radiotherapy delivered with this technique and dose/fractionation schedule, and using the clinical and biochemical endpoints assessed in this study.
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PMID:Late renal function following whole abdominal irradiation. 869 8

The mediastinum is the host for a number of relatively unusual primary neoplasms, as well as a frequent recipient of metastatic tumors. From the perspective of fine-needle aspiration cytomorphology, several distinct patterns are yielded. The polygonal (or epithelial-like) cell pattern may be seen with benign and malignant thymomas, germinomas, embryonal carcinoma, and many metastatic carcinomas. An intimate admixture of small lymphocytes with these epithelial cells may occur in this category. The small cell pattern may be produced by malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, neuroblastoma, carcinoid tumors, and metastatic oat cell carcinoma. Uncommon morphologic forms of thymoma and carcinoid tumors, as well as benign mesenchymal lesions, may yield a picture of a spindle-cell proliferation. In addition to cytomorphology, the cytologist needs to integrate clinical, radiographic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural data to formulate a final diagnosis.
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PMID:Differential diagnostic considerations and potential pitfalls in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the mediastinum. 883 18

Alimentary tract malignancies in children are unusual. From 1952 to 1996, 54 patients (55 cases) underwent surgery at The Children's Hospital, Columbus for intestinal malignancy. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.3 years (range, 1 to 17 years). There were 35 boys and 19 girls (M:F ratio, 1:8). Mean follow-up was 108 months. Laparotomy was performed in all but one child. The primary tumor sites included the colon (31 cases), small bowel (12 cases), appendix (9 cases), and stomach (3 cases). Seventy-five percent of the tumors were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (41 cases), followed by appendiceal carcinoid (9 cases), colon adenocarcinoma (3 cases), and gastric sarcoma (2 cases). Lymphoma occurred in 28 of 31 nonappendiceal large bowel tumors and was the only tumor type seen in the small intestine. There were 21 Burkitt's, 11 lymphoblastic, 6 small cell, and 5 large cell lymphomas. There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of small bowel lymphoma after 1982 (10 of 20) in comparison with that before 1982 (2 of 21), P < .05. This coincided with an increase in Burkitt's lymphoma from 5 of 21 (pre-1982) to 16 of 20 (post-1982), and a decrease in lymphoblastic lymphomas from 7 of 21 (pre-1982) to 2 of 20 (post-1982), P < .05. Localized disease and complete resection favored survival in lymphoma, whereas age, sex, and urgency of operation had no influence on survival. This study highlights the predominance of lymphoma as the most common small and large bowel tumor and highlights the emergence of nonendemic Burkitt's as a major entity in pediatric intestinal malignancy.
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PMID:Alimentary tract malignancies in children. 924 22

Intraoperative ultrasound diagnosis (IOUSD) was made in several thoracoscopic interventions in 15 patients: diagnostic thoracoscopies (3) in patients with lymphogranulomatosis, carcinoid and peripheral lung cancer, enucleation and atypical resection of the lung (4) in patients with hamartochondromas, in excision of lung cyst (1), in removal of foreign body of the lung (1), in removal of celomic cysts (2) and in ablation of neurofibroma of the mediastinum (1), in atypical resection of the lung and enucleation of tuberculomas (2). Video thoracoscopy in combination with intraoperative ultrasound examination provides possibility for precisional diagnosis of focal disease of the lung and mediastinal organs, including local masses of small sizes, and is rather informative method of diagnosis. IOUSD allows to define the diagnosis more exactly and to determine the extent of pathological process, to prevent complications and locate intraparenchymal masses and foreign bodies in lung tissues, and thus enables to complete operation without thoracotomy.
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PMID:[Ultrasonic study in thoracoscopic operations]. 968 Aug 7

Forty-two fine-needle aspirates (FNA) of the mediastinum were reviewed from 1984-1995. The clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and cytologic material was studied. Twenty-five males and 17 females had an age range from 10-72 yr and a mean of 41 yr. Common complaints were chest pain, dyspnea, and cough. Thirty-eight tumors were in the anterior/superior mediastinum. Fifty-seven percent were primary neoplasms (Hodgkin's lymphoma, 7; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 6; thymoma, 3; germ-cell tumor, 3; thymic carcinoid and angiosarcoma, 1 each; and malignant not otherwise specified, 3). Twenty-four percent were metastatic tumors (carcinoma, 9; and sarcoma, 1). Twelve percent were benign conditions (granulomatous disease, 2; multinodular goiter, 1; extramedullary hematopoesis, 1; and one thymic cyst). Seven percent were inconclusive. FNA yielded adequate tissue for diagnosis in 83% and a correct diagnosis in 86%. There was one false-negative and no false-positive diagnosis. FNA is a useful tool for accurate tissue diagnosis of mediastinal masses.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration of the mediastinum: a clinical, radiologic, cytologic, and histologic study of 42 cases. 983 32

During the past 16 years, 22 patients were operated on concomitantly with superior vena cava (SVC) reconstruction in our university hospital. Among them, 19 patients had anterior mediastinal tumor and 3 advanced lung cancer. They were 13 males and 9 females, ranging in age from 16 to 70 (mean, 51.4) years. Severe SVC syndrome was found in 10 cases of them. The anterior mediastinal tumors consisted of invasive thymoma in 10 cases, thymic Hodgkin's disease in 2, seminoma in 2, and thymic cancer, thymic carcinoid, thyroid cancer, metastasis of chondrosarcoma and yolk sac tumor in each one. Regarding SVC reconstruction, anatomical bypass was performed in 18 cases, in addition to a radical resection of the tumor. The left innominate vein was reconstructed in 5, the right innominate vein including SVC in 4 and bilateral veins in 9. Extra-anatomical bypass was performed in 4 cases with unresectable tumors because of severe SVC syndrome. Subclavian-femoral vein bypass was performed in one and internal jugular-femoral vein bypass in 3. In anatomical bypass, 7 cases have been alive now though 11 died, and graft patency rate was 82% in the right and 38% in the left. All 4 cases with extraanatomical bypass showed improvement of SVC syndrome, but died one to seven months postoperatively. In conclusions, radical operation with reconstruction of SVC was effective to long-term survival and improvement of SVC syndrome. Extraanatomical bypass improved postoperative quality of life remarkably.
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PMID:[Surgical strategy for invasive pulmonary and mediastinal tumors requiring superior vena cava reconstruction]. 1002 96

Thymic neoplasms are a common cause of an anterior mediastinal mass and may be benign or malignant. Thymic cysts are congenital or acquired and may be associated with a thymic malignancy. True thymic hyperplasia and thymic lymphoid hyperplasia may enlarge the thymus and simulate a neoplasm. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are epithelial malignancies with distinct clinicopathologic features. Thymic carcinoid is a rare aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia 1. Thymolipoma is a benign neoplasm. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma may primarily or secondarily involve the thymus. Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors may arise primarily within the thymus and include mature teratoma, seminoma, and non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Tumors of the thymus. 1040 1


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