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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical studies have demonstrated an altered pineal function in cancer patients. Owing to the documented antineoplastic activity of the pineal gland, these anomalies could have a prognostic significance. This study was carried out to monitor changes in blood levels of melatonin, the most important pineal hormone, in relation to the clinical response to chemotherapy in human neoplasms. The study included 42 cancer patients of both sexes (breast cancer, 10; lung cancer, 13; colon cancer, 11; soft tissue sarcoma, 4; testicular cancer, 1; Hodgkin's disease, 1; peritoneal mesothelioma, 2). Melatonin serum levels were measured by radioimmunoassay before and 28 days after each cycle of chemotherapy. The results showed that, irrespectively of the type of tumor and chemotherapeutic regimen, 12/16 patients (75%) whose melatonin markedly enhanced after chemotherapy had an objective regression. In contrast, 2/26 patients only (8%) whose melatonin did not enhance after chemotherapy had a clinical response. The percentage of objective responses was statistically significantly higher in patients with a chemotherapy-induced melatonin increase than in those with no melatonin increase (p less than 0.001). This study seems to demonstrate that melatonin determination can be used as a predictor of the objective response to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Moreover, it suggests that the antineoplastic effect of cytotoxic drugs may require participation of the pineal gland.
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PMID:Melatonin increase as predictor for tumor objective response to chemotherapy in advanced cancer patients. 340 Jan 24

Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone antineoplastic agent with structural similarities to doxorubicin. It has a mechanism of action similar to the anthracyclines. Its primary elimination route is hepatic metabolism (only seven percent renal excretion) and it has a terminal half-life of approximately 40 hours. Mitoxantrone has significant activity in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Some activity is reported in head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's, myeloma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and liver cancer. There is a suggestion of incomplete cross-resistance between mitoxantrone and the anthracyclines in certain neoplasms. Some activity is reported with mitoxantrone in patients refractory to the anthracyclines in breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The usual doses used in solid tumors and in lymphomas are mitoxantrone 12-14 mg/m2 iv q3-4wk and in leukemias is mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2/d X 5 d iv for initial induction.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone. 351 24

Fifteen patients with primary lymphoma of breast are reported from a 30-year review. Eight of the patients were diagnosed in the last 5 years of this review, suggesting either an increase in the incidence or an increasing awareness of this condition. The age range was from 17 to 77 years. All patients presented with a breast mass and nine had histologically proven axillary node involvement. One patient had Hodgkin's disease and the remainder were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Treatment was by a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. During follow-up which varied from 4 to 20 years (median 8 years) three patients developed metachronous involvement of the opposite breast and three died from their disease. Prognosis was related to tumour histology and stage of disease. The three who died all had high grade centroblastic lymphoma, the three largest tumours and nodal involvement. Five and ten-year survivals were 85 per cent and 73 per cent respectively, better than the survival of patients for either other non-disseminated extranodal lymphomas or breast cancer.
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PMID:Primary lymphoma of the breast. 356 16

Eleven population-based cancer registries tabulated second cancers among 133,411 patients diagnosed with testicular cancer, ovarian cancer or Hodgkin's disease between 1945 and 1984. Overall, 3,157 second cancers were observed, as compared with 2,420 expected at least one year after the first cancer. Survivors of testicular and ovarian cancer experienced 30% and 20% more cancers respectively than the general population comparison group, and patients previously diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease had an 80% excess of cancer. No information was available either on treatment for the first cancer, or other risk factors. However, temporal patterns in the risk of specific second cancers were analysed, with particular reference to the possible role of therapy for the first cancer. Leukaemia of the acute or non-lymphatic type, which has been previously linked to alkylating agent therapy, occurred in excess following all 3 first cancers, as did non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (overall relative risks of 6.1 and 1.8 respectively, with considerably higher relative risks following Hodgkin's disease). Other cancers for which important and plausibly therapy-induced excesses occurred were lung cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.9), breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.4) and bladder cancer following ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease (relative risks 1.7 and 2.2 in women, respectively). Rarer sites at which striking excesses occurred were the salivary gland, thyroid, bone and connective tissue. There were smaller, but clear excesses for cancers of the rectum and colon following ovarian cancer and testicular cancer, skin cancer following Hodgkin's disease, and kidney cancer following ovarian cancer. Overdiagnosis, misclassification of metastases and confounding by other risk factors were all considered as explanations of observed excesses. Nonetheless, it appeared that there are clear excess risks for cancers other than acute leukaemia which must be ascribed to therapy for the first cancer, especially in view of the possible under-reporting in registry material. Case-control studies are under way to provide information on the role of specific aspects of therapy.
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PMID:Second malignancies following testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease: an international collaborative study among cancer registries. 357 May 50

Information was obtained on the living status or cause of death of 2223 close relatives of 195 children with soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) diagnosed under age 15. Three-hundred nine relatives had died, from all causes, before STS diagnosis in the index child. The expected figure estimated from age- and sex-specific mortality rates in Italy was 293.3. Cancer was reported as cause of death in 76 relatives (75.1 expected). Seven grandmothers, 2 aunts, 1 uncle and 0 mothers died from breast cancer vs. 4.6, 0.9, 0.0 and 0.2 expected. Three siblings died from cancer (0.2 expected, P less than 0.01), i.e. STS, ependymoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These results confirm and expand previous observations that STS in children are associated with other cancers, particularly childhood and breast cancer, in members of the same family.
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PMID:Cancer mortality among relatives of children with soft-tissue sarcoma: a national survey in Italy. 366 49

A total of 7251 histologically confirmed new cases of cancer (4117 males and 3134 females) were seen in the 6-year period 1979 to 1984 at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The crude relative frequencies of cancer at various primary sites have been determined with reference to sex, age, geographic origin, and year of diagnosis. The most common cancer sites among males were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, esophagus, lung, liver, stomach, and nasopharynx. Breast cancer was the most common tumor among the females, followed by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and cancers of the thyroid, esophagus, cervix, and ovary. The most marked deviations were found in the Southern Region for cancers of the oral cavity (2.4 times higher), bladder (1.8 times higher), and lung (4.3 times lower). Known etiologic factors, such as local chewing, smoking habits, and schistosomiasis are likely to be responsible for these differences. Upward trends in cancers of lung, breast, colon and rectum, and the downward trend in esophageal cancer may reflect the rapid pace of modernization.
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PMID:Pattern of cancer in Saudi Arabs referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital. 373 Oct 44

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus induced by radiation therapy is a rare entity. We report 4 cases observed during the past 4 years. Three women and one man aged from 47 to 78 years developed squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus 8 to 11 years after radiation therapy. The 3 women had been irradiated for breast cancer and the man for Hodgkin's disease with 40 to 57.5 Gy. Three patients were operated on and the immediate postoperative course was uneventful. Culling data from this report and from the literature we reviewed the different steps concerning the diagnosis and the treatment of this complication of radiation therapy. We suggest that diagnostic and therapeutic modalities should follow the same guidelines as in other esophageal cancers.
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PMID:[Epidermoid cancer of the thoracic esophagus following mediastinal irradiation]. 373 32

Postradiation sarcomas arising many years after treatment of cancer are long term sequelae of therapy. We describe the clinical features, radiographic findings, and results of treatment in 13 patients with such sarcomas encountered over a 6-year period. Of these patients, 9 had bone sarcomas and the remaining 4 had paraspinal tumors arising from adjacent soft tissue and nerve. The primary cancer for which radiation was given included Hodgkin's disease (4 patients), breast cancer (2 patients), cervix cancer (2 patients), and a variety of others (5 patients). The latent interval to the occurrence of the second neoplasm varied from 6 to 30 years (median, 10 years) after treatment of the original tumor. Despite aggressive treatment, the overall prognosis was poor. The median survival was 8 months, with only 3 surviving more than 2 years. Although rare, postradiation sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with late onset of spinal pain or neurological symptoms after clinical remission of an original cancer.
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PMID:Postradiation sarcoma involving the spine. 373 99

We report 28 cases of malignant disease in pregnant women. They were divided into 14 cases of intrapelvic tumors and 14 of extrapelvic tumors. The intrapelvic tumors were cervix cancer in nine and ovarian cancer in five, while the extrapelvic tumors were brain tumors in three, maxillary cancer in one, tongue cancer in one, pharyngeal cancer in one, breast cancer in one, gastric cancer in two, osteosarcoma in one Hodgkin's lymphoma in one, and leukemias in three. The prognoses of the patients with intrapelvic tumors were relatively good. But those of extrapelvic diseases were poor.
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PMID:[Malignant neoplasms in pregnancy--report of 28 cases treated in our hospital]. 377 71

Preliminary studies are reported on the effectiveness of cold air scalp cooling to prevent alopecia in patients receiving Adriamycin. Cold air produced in a novel way using a vortex refrigeration tube was applied to the scalp for 15 min before and 30 min after the administration of Adriamycin and other cytotoxic agents. Sixteen of 26 patients had no hair loss, four had slight hair loss, and six required a wig. Two subgroups fared particularly well. Four of four patients treated with ABVD for Hodgkin's disease and nine of 13 treated with Adriamycin (40 mg/m2) and vincristine (2 mg) for breast cancer had no hair loss.
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PMID:Adriamycin alopecia prevented by cold air scalp cooling. 377 9


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