Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated retrospectively 992 children with central nervous system tumors who were treated at our center between 1970 and 2004. All of the patients were treated by surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. Six patients developed second malignant neoplasms, and their clinical and histopathologic characteristics are reviewed in this article. The second malignant neoplasms were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and high-grade neuroectodermal tumor. The initial diagnoses were ependymoblastoma in one, medulloblastoma in three, and low-grade astrocytoma in two patients. The median latency time was 3.03 years (range 0.39-22.93 years). The outcome varied according to the histopathologic type of the second tumor. The patients who developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome died of progressive disease. The patients with second skin neoplasms are alive as of the time of this writing. The patient with Kaposi sarcoma developed one of the rare reported second malignant neoplasms following a primary brain tumor in childhood. A wide spectrum of second malignant neoplasms was detected after treatment of primary brain tumors with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up is therefore necessary for the child who has survived a primary central nervous system tumor.
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PMID:Second malignant neoplasms following the treatment of brain tumors in children. 1690 54

Malignancies are rare young French adults but represent the third significant cause of death in the cohort of 15-24 years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and survival rates of French adolescents and young adults with cancer. All cases of cancer occuring over a 20-year period (1978-1997) in the cohort of patients aged 15 to 24, were obtained from nine population-based registries (10 % of the French population). Basal cell carcinomas of the skin were excluded. 1161 and 1884 cases were recorded in adolescents and young adults, respectively. Overall incidence rates (IR) were 161.4/10(6) in adolescents aged 15-19 years (M/F ratio = 1.3), and 252.6/10(6) in young adults aged 20-24 years (M/F ratio : 1.2). During the 1978-97 period, the IRs appeared stable over the years, +0.4 % [CI95 % = -2.3 ; +3.1] (p = 0.79) for adolescents and +1.7 % [CI95 % = -4.0 ; +7.3] (p = 0.57) for young adults. Five-year overall survival rates were 69.1 % [CI95 % = 66.4-71.8] for adolescents and 74.5 % [CI95 % = 72.3-76.7] for young adults. The 5-year survival rate for patients 15-24 years improved from 62.0 % (CI95 % = 57.5-66.5) in 1978-82 to 80.2 % (IC95 % = 77.7-82.8) in 1993-97. Noteworthy, results in adolescents and young adults are poor compared to the ones from their younger counterparts, especially in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and astrocytoma. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether these differences are due to intrinsic biological properties of the tumor or to differences in clinical practices in the two populations.
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PMID:[Cancer incidence and survival among adolescents and young adults in France (1978-1997)]. 1744 35

Childhood cancers (age at diagnosis: 0-14 years) comprise a variety of malignancies, with incidence varying worldwide by age, sex, ethnicity and geography, that provide insights into cancer etiology. A total of 1,334 childhood cancers registered in population-based cancer registry, Chennai, India, during 1990-2001 and categorized by International Classification of Childhood Cancer norms formed the study material. Cases included for survival analysis were 1,274 (95.5%). Absolute survival was calculated by actuarial method. Cox proportional hazard model was used to elicit the prognostic factors for survival. The age-standardized rates for all childhood cancers together were 127 per million boys and 88 per million girls. A decreasing trend in incidence rates with increasing 5-year age groups was observed in both sexes. The top 5 childhood cancers were the same among boys and girls: leukemias, lymphomas, central nervous system neoplasms, retinoblastomas and renal tumors. The highest 5-year absolute survival was observed in Hodgkin's disease (65%) followed by Wilm's tumor (64%), retinoblastomas (48%), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (47%), osteosarcomas (44%), acute lymphoid leukemia and astrocytoma (39%). Multifactorial analysis of age at diagnosis and sex showed no differences in the risk of dying for all childhood cancers. Completeness of treatment and type of hospital combination emerged as a prognostic factor for survival for all childhood cancers together (p < 0.001), acute lymphoid leukemia (p < 0.001) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (p = 0.04). A Childhood Cancer Registry with high-resolution data collection is advocated for in-depth analysis of variation in incidence and survival.
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PMID:Childhood cancers in Chennai, India, 1990-2001: incidence and survival. 1832 30

Human arylamine N-acetyltransferases (CoASAc; NAT, EC 2.3.1.5) NAT1 and NAT2 play a key role in the metabolism of drugs and environmental chemicals and in the metabolic activation and detoxification of procarcinogens. Phenotyping analyses have revealed an association between NAT enzyme activities and the risk of developing several forms of cancer. As genotyping procedures have become available for NAT1 and NAT2 gene variations, hundreds of association studies on NAT polymorphisms and cancer risk have been conducted. Here we review the findings obtained from these studies. Evidence for a putative association of NAT1 polymorphism and myeloma, lung and bladder cancer, as well as association of NAT2 polymorphisms with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, colorectal and bladder cancer have been reported. In contrast, no consistent evidence for a relevant association of NAT polymorphisms with brain, head & neck, breast, gastric, pancreatic or prostate cancer have been described. Although preliminary data are available, further well-powered studies are required to fully elucidate the role of NAT1 in most human cancers, and that of NAT2 in astrocytoma, meningioma, esophageal, renal, cervical and testicular cancers, as well as in leukaemia and myeloma. This review discusses controversial findings on cancer risk and putative causes of heterogeneity in the proposed associations, and it identifies topics that require further investigation, particularly mechanisms underlying association of NAT polymorphisms and risk for subsets of cancer patients with specific exposures, putative epistatic contribution of polymorphism for other xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases of Cytochrome P450 enzymes, and genetic plus environmental interaction.
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PMID:Polymorphisms of human N-acetyltransferases and cancer risk. 1868 Apr 72

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) arising from cranial nerves or their branches are very uncommon. The literature consists mainly of isolated case reports and small series. We identified 17 such cases in 14 males and 3 females. With one exception, the tumors affected adults (age range 5 to 69 y, mean 39, median 32). Sites of involvement included vestibular nerves (n=6), vagal nerves (n=4), facial nerves (n=3) (1 centered in the geniculate ganglion), and 2 unspecified cranial nerves in the posterior fossa. In addition, 1 tumor involved the optic chiasm (n=1). Only 1 tumor arose in brain parenchyma of (frontal lobe). All but 3 lesions were intracranial. Five tumors arose in patients who satisfied clinical criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). One patient with a vestibular tumor and presumed NF2 had previously undergone resection of a contralateral vestibular cellular schwannoma. One posterior fossa tumor was a malignant melanotic schwannoma. Four patients had postirradiation malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 2 having been treated for optic chiasm glioma, both being NF1 affected. One patient was irradiated for hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma and another for cervical Hodgkin disease. Identifiable precursor lesions included schwannoma (n=4), plexiform neurofibroma (n=2), and solitary intraneural neurofibroma (n=2). All tumors were histologically high grade (6 grade III and 10 grade IV). Three tumors showed heterologous elements, 2 osseous, and 1 rhabdomyoblastic. More often scattered than diffuse, S-100 protein staining was noted in 11 of 16 tumors and variable collagen IV staining in 10 of the 16. Immunoreactivity for p53 protein was diffuse and strong in 7 of 11 tumors. Twelve patients died within 17 months to 3 years of diagnosis, 1 was lost to follow-up, 2 are very recent cases, and 2 patients are currently alive, 1 after 2 recurrences, and another with spinal leptomeningeal metastases. Malignant cranial nerve sheath tumors are rare and are associated with the same poor prognosis as those of spinal nerves at other sites.
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PMID:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of cranial nerves and intracranial contents: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. 1906 5

The present contribution reports childhood cancer incidence and survival rates as well as time trends and geographical variation. The report is based on the databases of population-based cancer registries which joined forces in cooperative projects such as Automated Childhood Cancer Information System (ACCIS) and EUROCARE. According to these data, which refer to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, leukemias, at 34%, brain tumors, at 23%, and lymphomas, at 12%, represent the largest diagnostic groups among the under 15-year-olds. The most frequent single diagnoses are: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and nephroblastoma. There is considerable variation between countries. Incidence rates range from 130 (British Isles) to 160 cases (Scandinavian countries) per million children. Incidence rates have shown an increase over time since the mid of the last century. In Europe, the yearly increase averages 1.1% for the 1978-1997 period and ranges from 0.6% for the leukemias to 1.8% for soft-tissue sarcomas. The probability of survival has risen considerably over the past decades, with the EUROCARE data showing an improvement of the relative risk of death by 8% when comparing the 2000-2002 time span to the 1995-1999 period. Regarding the years 1995-2002, the data show an overall 5-year survival probability of 81% for Europe and similar values for the USA. The data presented here describe the cancer situation with a specific, European focus. They are drawn from population-based cancer registries that ensure excellent data quality, and as a consequence represent the most valid European population-based data existing at present. It is also apparent that not all countries have data available from nationwide childhood cancer registries, a situation which warrants further improvement.
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PMID:Epidemiology of childhood cancer. 2023 Oct 56

The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal variation in the incidence of cancer in children aged 0-14 years. Details of 2959 primary malignant cases (1659 males, 1300 females), diagnosed during the period 1968-2005, were extracted from a specialist registry (the Northern Region Young Persons' Malignant Disease Registry). Seasonal variation was analysed with respect to month of birth and diagnosis. The chi-squared heterogeneity test was used to test for non-uniform variation. Poisson regression analysis was used to fit sinusoidal (harmonic) models to the data, using month of birth and month of diagnosis, respectively, as covariates in separate models. There was significant sinusoidal variation based on month of birth for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) aged 1-6 years (P = 0.04; peak in March). For 0- to 14-year-old boys, there was statistically significant sinusoidal variation in month of birth for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (P = 0.04; peak in September) and astrocytoma (P = 0.03; peak in October). Based on month of diagnosis, there was statistically significant sinusoidal variation in girls for all lymphomas (P = 0.048; peak in March) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (P = 0.005; peak in January), and in boys for osteosarcoma (P = 0.049; peak in October). This study confirms previous findings of seasonal variation around the month of birth for childhood ALL (at the peak ages) and provides further evidence of seasonal variation around month of birth for astrocytoma and around month of diagnosis for HL. The results are consistent with a role for environmental factors in the aetiology of these diagnostic groups. Further studies are needed to examine putative candidate agents.
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PMID:Season of birth and diagnosis for childhood cancer in Northern England, 1968-2005. 2041 61

Multiple myeloma (MM), one of the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, is a bone marrow-derived, antibody-producing cancer of the plasma cells. In the advanced stages, the cancer cells frequently cause widespread osteolytic bone damage; however, in rare cases, MM also manifests as an intracranial plasmacytoma. In the present study, we describe a case in which a patient, initially treated for MM and with subsequent complete remission, was admitted to hospital with a lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere and neurological symptoms of a brain tumor. Our initial diagnosis was an MM relapse with the rare occurring intracranial manifestation. However, pathological tests confirmed the diagnosis of a high-grade astrocytoma. In this case report, we describe the characteristics, as well as the treatment issues, diagnoses and clinical developments of this patient.
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PMID:Astrocytoma development following complete multiple myeloma remission in a 49-year-old patient: A case report. 2413 17

We present a case of a 19-year-old man with cervical lymphadenopathy diagnosed with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma 9 years after gross total resection of a third ventricular juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA). Chemotherapy or radiation therapy was not a part of his initial JPA treatment. Owing to his two primary neoplasms, genetic testing was performed, which revealed heterozygous polymorphisms of unknown significance for CDH1 and p53, and negative BRAF mutation analysis. Our case reports development of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma after JPA in the absence of antecedent radiation and/or chemotherapy, and identifiable genetic predisposition.
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PMID:Hodgkin's lymphoma in an adolescent previously treated with surgical resection of third ventricular juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. 2611 87


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