Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathological findings in a retrospective review of 100 consecutive intracranial stereotactic biopsies are presented. Definite diagnosis could be established in the majority (89) of cases and included 85 neoplasms (69 primary cerebral tumors, 10 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 6 metastases) and 4 non-neoplastic processes. In the remaining 11 samples the findings were non-diagnostic; 2 consisted of normal glial tissue, while the remainder variously showed changes of necrosis, hematoma, histiocytic reaction or astrocytic proliferations of uncertain nature. Verification of the stereotactic diagnosis by examination of lesional tissue obtained at subsequent craniotomy or postmortem was possible in 7 of 10 cases. Two broad categories of diagnostic difficulty were identified in interpreting stereotactic biopsies: (1) accurate tumor typing and grading, and (2) the distinction between reactive and neoplastic astrocytic proliferations. Two essential components in the diagnostic process are: (1) careful correlation with the clinical and radiological findings; and (2) use of intraoperative smear and/or frozen section preparations to confirm specimen adequacy. By adhering to these principles accurate intraoperative diagnosis can usually be established, particularly for high grade astrocytoma, lymphoma and metastasis. Tumor typing is aided by the use of immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural examination and the examination of serial sections is of value in grading.
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PMID:Stereotactic biopsy of 100 intracerebral lesions at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. 789 40

The surveillance, epidemiology, and end-results (SEER) data on 5-year relative survival rates (1973-1987) for the most common pediatric tumors (ages 0-14) were analyzed. The SEER data are population based, so the observed progress in survival from childhood cancer represents the real impact that development in cancer treatment had on the population followed by the registry. The greatest increase in survival rate from 1973 until 1987 has been achieved in hematopoietic tumors such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), in which survival increased from 47.6% (1973-1977) to 60.8% (1983-1987), and Burkitt's lymphoma in which survival increased from 27.6% (1973-1977) to 68.7% (1983-1987). Solid tumors showed a less steep, but steady increase in survival rates. Flattening in the survival rates since 1978-1982 has been observed for acute leukemia, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Females have better survival rates for most pediatric tumors, except Hodgkin's disease. Analysis of race of childhood leukemia confirmed that black children have worse survival than white. When solid tumors were analyzed by stage at presentation, there was no indication that diagnosis in earlier stages of disease accounted for the improved survival. Observed flattening in the survival rates since 1978-1982 of leukemia and some solid tumors warrants further follow-up.
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PMID:U.S. childhood cancer survival, 1973-1987. 793 74

Expression of cDNA libraries from human melanoma, renal cancer, astrocytoma, and Hodgkin disease in Escherichia coli and screening for clones reactive with high-titer IgG antibodies in autologous patient serum lead to the discovery of at least four antigens with a restricted expression pattern in each tumor. Besides antigens known to elicit T-cell responses, such as MAGE-1 and tyrosinase, numerous additional antigens that were overexpressed or specifically expressed in tumors of the same type were identified. Sequence analyses suggest that many of these molecules, besides being the target of a specific immune response, might be of relevance for tumor growth. Antibodies to a given antigen were usually confined to patients with the same tumor type. The unexpected frequency of human tumor antigens, which can be readily defined at the molecular level by the serological analysis of autologous tumor cDNA expression cloning, indicates that human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host and provides diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to human cancer.
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PMID:Human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host. 852 54

In the framework of the ITACARE project, a cooperative investigation conducted on the data from the Italian population-based cancer registries, survival of patients with childhood malignant neoplasms was studied. The study included 1,768 cases diagnosed at age 0-14 plus 29 osteosarcoma cases diagnosed at age 15-19. Cases were collected over the period 1978-1989, or more limited periods for some participating registries. A total of 1,138 cases were from the Childhood Cancer Registry of Piedmont and 659 from the registries operating in the provinces of Varese, Parma, Modena, Forli and Ravenna, Florence, Latina, Ragusa and in the cities of Genova and Torino (the last contributed only for bone neoplasm diagnosed at age 15-19). Overall 5-year survival was 54% for malignancies diagnosed in 1978-1981, 60% for the period 1982-1985; and 69% for the period 1986-1989. The range among registries of 5-year survival for cases diagnosed in 1986-1989 was 55-78%. Most diagnostic categories presented an improved prognosis for the cases diagnosed more recently. For cases diagnosed in 1986-1989, 5-year survival was: 74% for acute lymphatic leukaemia, 40% for acute non-lymphatic leukaemia, 65% for central nervous system neoplasms (76% for astrocytoma, 75% for ependymoma and 85% for medulloblastoma), 66% for osteosarcoma, 55% for Ewing's sarcoma, 87% for Hodgkin's disease, 64% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 74% for rhabdomyosarcoma, 64% for neuroblastoma, 78% for nephroblastoma and 100% for retinoblastoma. Italian survival was similar to that observed in other population-based surveys in the UK and USA.
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PMID:Survival of childhood cancer patients in Italy, 1978-1989. ITACARE Working Group. 915 68

A retrospective analysis of 515 pediatric cancer cases diagnosed over 18 years, 1973-1990, showed an annual incidence of pediatric solid tumors in northern Israel of 77.1 per million, somewhat lower than previously reported. Lymphomas predominated over central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, suggesting an Afro-Asian rather than a Western pattern. Jewish and non-Jewish children were at approximately equal risk (1:07:1.0) for the nonleukemic cancer. However, there was a notably higher frequency in males than females (1:42:1.0) and in Ashkenasi Jews as compared to either Sephardi Jews (1.25:1.00) or non-Jews (1.23:1.0). Ethnic, age, and sex predispositions for particular types of malignancy were also noted. Non-Jews tended to have lymphomas or retinoblastomas and Sephardi Jews were predisposed to soft tissue sarcomas. Ashkenasi Jews tended to manifest CNS tumors, retinoblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Children under 5 years showed Burkitt's lymphoma and neuroblastoma, whereas the older group tended to have Hodgkin's lymphoma. Boys were more vulnerable to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, and girls were subject to higher incidences of bone, gonadal, germ cell, and epithelial tumors, as well as to astrocytoma. The implications for genetic or environmental contributions to several cancers are considered in conjunction with ethnic or gender predisposition to those cancers.
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PMID:Patterns of childhood solid tumor incidence in northern Israel, 1973-1990. 938 5

The clotting factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) has been shown to be present both in tumor cells and in tumor-associated macrophages of different neoplasms such as Hodgkin's disease, giant cell tumor of bone, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, meningeal tumors, and hemangiopericytoma. The biological significance of these findings, however, are still unclear. This study investigates the immunohistochemical distribution of FXIIIa in 186 tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in order to evaluate its possible diagnostic or prognostic significance in neuro-oncology. High-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, astrocytoma (grade III WHO), and ependymoma (III) as well as meningiomas and meningeal hemangiopericytomas consistently contained factor XIIIa-positive cells, whereas low-grade glial tumors did not do so. One desmoplastic medulloblastoma and one anaplastic schwannoma also showed FXIIIa-positive cells. With the exception of hemangiopericytomas, however, the major source of FXIIIa expression in all these tumors consisted of a subpopulation of tumor-associated macrophages, the exact role of which still remains unclear. Because of its non-discriminatory staining in a wide variety of CNS tumors, the differential diagnostic contribution of FXIIIa in neuro-oncology seems to be limited.
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PMID:Factor XIIIa-immunoreactivity in tumors of the central nervous system. 956 29

Astrocytic tumors occasionally arise in the central nervous system following radiotherapy. It is not clear if these gliomas represent a unique molecular genetic subset. We identified nine cases in which an astrocytoma arose within ports of previous radiation therapy, with total doses ranging from 2400 to 5500 cGy. Irradiated primary lesions included craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, ependymoma, pineal neoplasm, rhabdomyosarcoma, and three cases of lymphoblastic malignancies. Patients ranged from 9 to 60 years of age and developed secondary tumors 5 to 23 years after radiotherapy. The 9 postradiation neoplasms presented as either anaplastic astrocytoma (3 cases) or glioblastoma multiforme (6 cases). Two of the latter contained malignant mesenchymal components. We performed DNA sequence analysis, differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative PCR on DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors to evaluate possible alterations of p53, PTEN, K-ras, EGFR, MTAP, and p16 (MTS1/CDKN2) genes. By quantitative PCR, we found EGFR gene amplification in 2 of 8 tumors. One of these demonstrated strong immunoreactivity for EGFR. Quantitative PCR showed chromosome 9p deletions including p16 tumor suppressor gene (2 of 7 tumors) and MTAP gene (3 of 7). Five of 9 tumors demonstrated diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity for p53 protein. Sequencing of the p53 gene in these 9 cases revealed a mutation in only one of these cases, a G-to-A substitution in codon 285 (exon 8). Somewhat unexpectedly, no mutations were identified in PTEN, a commonly altered tumor suppressor gene in de novo glioblastoma multiformes. Unlike some radiation-induced tumors, no activating point mutations of the K-ras proto-oncogene or base pair deletions of tumor suppressor genes were noted. These radiation-induced tumors are distinctive in their high histological grade at clinical presentation. The spectrum of molecular genetic alterations appears to be similar to that described in spontaneous high grade astrocytomas, especially those of the de novo type.
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PMID:Molecular genetic alterations in radiation-induced astrocytomas. 1032 96

Survival following cancer was analysed in relation to ethnic group among children diagnosed in Britain during 1981-1996 and treated at paediatric oncology centres by members of the UK Children's Cancer Study Group. Survival was analysed for 11 diagnostic groups: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, astrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumour, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. There were no significant differences in survival between White and non-White children over the study period as a whole. Among children with ALL, however, the relative risk of death allowing for period of diagnosis, age and white blood count was 1.25 for those of South Asian ethnic origin compared with Whites (P = 0.057).
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PMID:Ethnic group and survival from childhood cancer: report from the UK Children's Cancer Study Group. 1075 11

Cancer patients aged 15-24 years have distinct special needs. High quality cancer statistics are required for service planning. Data presented by primary site are inappropriate for this age group. We have developed a morphology-based classification and applied it to national cancer registration data for England 1979-1997. The study included 25,000 cancers and 134 million person-years at risk. Rates for each diagnostic group by age, sex and time period (1979-83, 1984-87, 1988-92, 1993-1997) were calculated. Overall rates in 15-19 and 20-24-year-olds were 144 and 226 per million person-years respectively. Lymphomas showed the highest rates in both age groups. Rates for leukaemias and bone tumours were lower in 20-24 year olds. Higher rates for carcinomas, central nervous system tumours, germ-cell tumours, soft tissue sarcomas and melanoma were seen in the older group. Poisson regression showed incidence increased over the study period by an average of 1.5% per annum (P<0.0001). Significant increases were seen in non-Hodgkins lymphoma (2.3%), astrocytoma (2.3%), germ-cell tumours (2.3%), melanoma (5.1%) and carcinoma of the thyroid (3.5%) and ovary (3.0%). Cancers common in the elderly are uncommon in adolescents and young adults. The incidence of certain cancers in the latter is increasing. Future studies should be directed towards aetiology.
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PMID:Classification and incidence of cancers in adolescents and young adults in England 1979-1997. 1243 16

To investigate the incidence and outcome of secondary neoplasms in pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer. Between December 1971 and January 2000, a total of 5859 patients younger than age 17 were diagnosed and treated for childhood cancers in our center. Of this group, 1511 (36%) patients were followed for more than 36 months. These long-term survivors were included in this analysis. Twenty-six patients developed a secondary malignancy with an overall risk of 1.7% in this cohort. The male:female ratio was 17:10, with a median age of 7.66 at diagnosis (range, 2 to 16 y). Four patients (14.8%) with Hodgkin lymphoma; 3 each (11.1%) with retinoblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma; 2 each (7.4%) with Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, medulloblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; and 1 each (3.7%) with ependymoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, astrocytoma had a secondary malignant disease during the long-term follow-up period. Secondary malignant diseases were osteosarcoma in 6 patients, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2, acute myelogenous leukemia in 2, and rare malignant disease in others. Four patients with osteosarcoma developed disease within the radiation field. Osteosarcoma was the most frequently occurring secondary neoplasm. Less toxic treatment modalities should be used to decrease the risk of secondary malignant diseases.
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PMID:Second neoplasms in pediatric patients treated for cancer: a center's 30-year experience. 1679 6


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