Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Like other immunodeficient populations, HIV-infected individuals are at risk for developing high grade B-cell malignancies. The aetiology of these lymphomas remains unknown. While the tumours share many of the features of B-cell lymphomas seen in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, unlike transplant recipients, Epstein-Barr virus genomic sequences are identified in only a small minority of peripheral lymphomas from HIV-infected individuals. The majority of lymphomas are classified as diffuse, large-cell tumours of either the intermediate grade type or the high grade immunoblastic type. However, approximately one-third of patients present with high grade, small, non-cleaved cell lymphomas. Patients typically present with widespread extranodal disease, often at unusual sites. Lymphoma confined to the central nervous system has been observed in approximately 25% of HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The therapeutic outcome and survival in these patients has been disappointing. Complete response is achieved less frequently, relapse rates are higher and survival generally shorter than those observed in non-HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Prognosis is better for those patients without a prior AIDS diagnosis, who have higher total CD4 cell counts, good performance score, absence of an extranodal site of disease, and treatment with more moderate doses of chemotherapy. Hodgkin's disease, while not causally linked to the presence of immunodeficiency, appears to have a more aggressive natural history in the patient with HIV infection. Advanced disease at presentation is the rule, and the response to therapy has been poor with associated short survivals. Poor bone marrow reserve and the occurrence of intercurrent opportunistic infections has made it difficult to administer many of the standard chemotherapeutic regimens now used for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:AIDS-associated lymphoma. 218 38

Congenital and acquired states of immunodeficiency have long been associated with an increased incidence of malignant lymphoma. An increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was recognized early in the epidemic immunodeficiency state associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection AIDS. Although the precise etiologic mechanism of these lymphomas remains speculative, the presence of Epstein-Barr viral proteins or sequences and characteristic chromosomal translocations giving rise to altered expression of the c-myc oncogene have frequently been observed. It has been suggested that HIV infection leading to disordered T-lymphocyte function (possibly in conjunction with Epstein-Barr infection) leads to the emergence of polyclonal populations of stimulated B lymphocytes. These cells, which undergo physiologic immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, may provide the background for the occurrence of characteristic chromosomal translocations that lead to the emergence of malignant lymphomas. These lymphomas tend to present clinically with high-grade histopathologic subtype, advanced stage, and a propensity for the involvement of otherwise unusual extranodal sites, including the central nervous system. The experience with therapy for HIV-associated lymphomas has indicated that highly aggressive, dose-intensive chemotherapy regimens may be associated with inferior results. More recent regimens have stressed less myelosuppressive therapy combined with prophylaxis for central nervous system disease and pneumocystis infection. The dominant prognostic factors in the HIV-associated lymphomas appear to be primarily related to the underlying HIV infection and include total CD4 lymphocyte count, performance status, and prior AIDS diagnosis.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphomas. 218 76

The Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-related tumors has collected 435 cases of HIV-associated tumors since December 1986. The following conclusions can be drawn from this IVDA-based series: (1) at least 15% of AIDS cases are associated with tumors; (2) the number of malignant lymphomas (high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], Hodgkin's disease [HD] is comparable to that of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (188 vs. 198); (3) KS among AIDS patients is less common than in countries where homosexual men are the main group affected by AIDS. However, KS also affects intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) almost exclusively males, with characteristics similar to those observed among homosexual men; (4) HD is associated with an aggressive course; (5) anal and oral primary tumors as well as oral and anal involvement of NHL are very rare; (6) testicular cancers occur in patients mainly with early HIV infection, without adversely affecting the dosage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy; (7) cervical cancer successfully treated with conization suggests that PAP test screening in young IVDA women is warranted; (8) lung cancer occurs in a young age group with rapid progression and death.
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PMID:Characterization of AIDS-associated tumors in Italy: report of 435 cases of an IVDA-based series. 220 42

Fourty-four patients with lymphoid neoplasia 37 males and 7 females aged 15 to 75 years, were seen in the Department of Internal Medicine, Tikur Anbessa (Black Lion) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between January and December 1988. Twenty-seven (61.4%) had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, eleven (25%) Hodgkin's disease and six (13.6%) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Six (22.2%) of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma one, (9.1%) of the Hodgkin's disease and none of the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cases had positive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western Blot tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of the 6 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with HIV infection, five had extra-nodal involvement--four of the gastrointestinal tract, including the oropharynx, and one of the cervix uteri. Four of these six had clinically advanced disease at the time of presentation and histologically three patients had intermediate and three high grade malignancy. Two of the patients have died within two months of diagnosis, one is lost to follow up, and three patients are still alive and well 12 to 46 months after diagnosis. The HIV positive patient with Hodgkin's disease had stage IV E disease involving the pancreas with mixed cellularity histology, and died seven months after diagnosis. Diffuse, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and possibly atypical aggressive Hodgkin's disease, may be indicator diseases for AIDS in HIV seropositive individuals.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in patients with lymphoid neoplasia. 220 77

Clinical cardiac manifestations are rare in the course of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but cardiac lesions can be found at autopsy in 60% of cases. Myocardium and pericardium are the most frequently involved. Cardiac involvement in opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas usually reflects systemic dissemination of the disease. Idiopathic myocarditis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may also occur and may be related to human immunodeficiency virus. Dysautonomia and drug-induced cardiac lesions have also been reported. Cardiac involvement of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children is characterized by possible lesions of conduction tissue.
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PMID:[Cardiac pathology in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 222 3

We report 29 cases of primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of the Central Nervous System (CNS), 26 of which were diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy and 3 by autopsy. In seven cases the patients were affected by AIDS. Histological examination of this series revealed 15 cases of immunoblastic lymphoma, 12 cases of centroblastic lymphoma, 1 case of lymphoplasmacytic immunocytoma and 1 case of unclassified high grade lymphoma. By immunohistochemistry the B-cell origin of lymphoma cells was demonstrated in 28/29 cases. Eight cases were assigned to the B-cell lineage by demonstration of monotypic surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin or of the B-cell phenotype CD22+, CD2-, CD3-, CD5-. In twenty cases the B-cell nature of lymphoma was identified by positivity with two or more anti-B monoclonal antibodies (LN1LN2MB2) and negativity by the anti-T monoclonal antibody UCHL1. The histologically unclassified case was a peripheral T-NHL (CD1-, CD2+, CD3-, CD5+, CD22-). We conclude that histological and immunohistological evaluation of stereotactic biopsy specimens provides sufficient information for diagnosis and phenotypic characterization of primary NHL of the CNS. These lymphomas exhibit important predominance of high-grade malignancy histological types and are nearly always B-cell derived. In addition, we provide further evidence that the panel of monoclonal antibodies LN1, LN2, MB2, and UCHL1 is useful for immunophenotypic characterization of brain lymphomas when only paraffin embedded stereotactic biopsy tissue is available.
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PMID:Stereotactic biopsy diagnosis of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system. A histological and immunohistochemical study. 224 74

Because of growing evidence that there are differences in the natural history of HIV infection in intravenous drug users (IVDU) and homosexual men, the clinicopathological features and response to treatment of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) were analyzed in 150 cases (96 IVDU and 31 homosexual men) by the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-related tumors. Twenty-three patients fell within other risk groups. The median age was 26 years for the IVDU and 38 for the homosexual men. Forty percent of patients in both of the risk groups manifested full-blown AIDS prior to development of the lymphoma. In both groups, most of the NHL were of high or intermediate type (IVDU 96%, homosexual men 86%). In high-grade NHL, Burkitt's type lymphoma was present in 40% of the homosexual men and in 29% of the IVDU (a non-significant difference), while an immunoblastic lymphoma was diagnosed in 46% of IVDU and 27% of homosexual men (non-significant). No oral localizations were observed, and one homosexual presented with a rectal lymphoma. Almost half of the patients (47%) received no antineoplastic treatment because of rapid disease progression or of diagnosis only at post-mortem. Intensive combination regimens administered in one-third of both IVDU and homosexual men (compared to CHOP or CHOP-like combinations) provided more CR (3/13 vs 3/24 in IVDU and 2/3 vs 1/7 in homosexuals), although the overall survivals with both the intensive and less intensive chemotherapy protocols remained similar. Overall, the median survival was 3.7 months for IVDU and 3.6 months for homosexual men. The most reliable predictors for survival were opportunistic infections at onset in IVDU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Italy: intravenous drug users versus homosexual men. The Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-Related Tumors (GICAT). 226 66

bcl-2 is a marker for the translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) indicative of follicular B-cell lymphoma. We studied 115 cases of lymphoproliferative disease with the polymerase chain reaction for bcl-2 oncogene using biotin and radiolabeled probes to the major breakpoint and minor cluster regions. Twenty-three percent of B-cell lymphomas were positive for bcl-2. These included 12 of 20 cases of nodular follicular center cell lymphoma (nine small cleaved cell, one mixed small and large cell, and two large cell types). bcl-2 translocation was detected in only three of 45 cases of diffuse B-cell lymphoma, and cases of AIDS-related malignant lymphoma, monocytoid B-cell lymphoma, and mantle zone lymphoma were all negative. Nonneoplastic lymphoid proliferations were negative for bcl-2 including nine cases of abnormal follicular hyperplasia from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. Cases of T-cell lymphoma and five cases of Hodgkin's disease were also negative. The polymerase chain reaction for bcl-2 is a rapid, sensitive technique in the evaluation of follicular B-cell proliferations, and the use of biotinylated probes and the alkaline phosphatase reaction eliminates the requirement for radioactive reagents.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction for bcl-2 in diagnostic lymph node biopsies. 226 90

KS and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas frequently involve the gut in patients with AIDS. These neoplasms establish the diagnosis of AIDS in an HIV-positive patient. KS is a spindle-cell tumour derived from lymphatic endothelia which is associated with luminal lesions in at least 40% of patients. Gastrointestinal KS is usually asymptomatic but may rarely bleed or obstruct. Treatment of KS with either interferon-alpha, radiation or chemotherapy can reduce tumour bulk, but does not alter overall survival in AIDS. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in AIDS are B cell neoplasms with many genotypic and phenotypic similarities to Burkitt's lymphoma. The tumours are usually highly aggressive, and present in extranodal sites in the majority of cases. Of these extranodal sites, gastrointestinal involvement is most common. Gastrointestinal lymphomas are usually symptomatic and almost always require treatment. Obstruction, perforation and bleeding may occur in patients with luminal involvement, whereas hepatic or biliary disease may lead to jaundice. Several chemotherapeutic regimens for lymphoma have been successfully used to achieve partial remission, although no prolongation of survival has been demonstrated. There appears to be an increased incidence of Hodgkin's disease in patients with AIDS, which is generally of advanced stage. This tumour does not meet the CDC criteria for AIDS as yet. Hepatic and/or splenic involvement in this setting are common.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma of the gut in AIDS. 228 86

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are frequent in patients with human immune deficiency virus positive antibodies. Exceptional instances of cardiac involvement have been described. We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and massive cardiac involvement with antemortem echocardiographic assessment. Use of echocardiography in lymphomas-associated AIDS could help in discovering further cases of cardiac involvement.
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PMID:Cardiac involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 230 2


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