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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuropathological findings from 8 individual cases of cerebral lymphomas in AIDS patients with consideration of the clinical, radiological, immunopathological, and other pertinent data selected from a series of 80 patients between 1985 and 1989 were studied. A wide variation in pathology was noted among our cases. It has been shown that lymphoma as a neuropathological diagnosis can coexist with a wide range of other characteristics, including toxoplasmosis, glial nodules, neuronophagia, degeneration, bleeding, hypoxia, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, and myelopathy, although none of these attributes appeared more than casually interrelated. In general, the late-stage manifestations of lymphoma as were observed in this study, tended to be poorly localized, often simultaneously meningeal, perivascular, and diffuse in character. An important distinction between cerebral lymphomas of AIDS and non-AIDS patients is the highly atypical, clinically unreliable computer tomographic signals observed in several of our cases. Five of the six immunopathological investigations showed a preponderance of B-cell markers, corresponding in toto to high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. One case exhibited immunohistological markers typical of Hodgkin's lymphoma (antibody CD-30). Of 6 obtainable serum specimens from our 8 cases, 4 showed high (greater than 2000) IgG titers against the EBNA-1 antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), of these three had IgM titers further supporting viral reactivation. One showed a normal IgG titer, yet with a significantly raised IgM titer.
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PMID:Cerebral lymphoma in AIDS. Clinical, radiological, neuropathological and immunopathological study. 205 79

In the period 1985-1990, 111 patients with AIDS were treated in the University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt. In 8 out of 111 patients malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma developed. The unusual and bizarre representation is highlighted by several clinical histories and a review of literature. HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by widespread extranodal disease, often at unusual sites, and high grade B-cell malignancy. The therapeutic outcome and survival in these cases has been disappointing. Prognosis is better for patients without a prior AIDS diagnosis, higher total CD4 cell counts, good performance score and absence of an extranodal site of disease. Treatment should be tailored to individual patients based upon a variety of prognostic features.
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PMID:[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with an HIV-infection]. 206 8

The incidence of lymphomas in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus has increased progressively since the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. The present series includes 111 patients, all diagnosed and studied at one hospital in New York City. There were 108 men and three women; the average age was 39 years and male homosexuality was the predominant risk factor. The materials examined originated from 138 surgical specimens and 24 autopsies. There were 11 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma and 100 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), a proportion strongly skewed in favor of the latter. Hodgkin's lymphoma in AIDS patients was characterized by advanced clinical stage, high histologic grade, and frequent bone marrow involvement. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in AIDS patients, in contrast to the general population, originated predominantly in extranodal locations (61 cases) versus locations in which the lymph nodes were the site of the primary tumors (39 cases). In the digestive tract, the unusual oral and anal primary locations were often noted and were possibly related to specific risk factors. There were 15 cases of NHL of the central nervous system, an incidence 14 times greater than that recorded in the general population. The majority of NHLs were of high histologic grade, Burkitt's and large cell immunoblastic, representing most of the cerebral and gastrointestinal tumors. All NHLs were of B-cell immunophenotype. Lymphadenopathies with the histologic features of human immunodeficiency virus infection, particularly of the late stage (type C), often preceded NHL. Probing for Epstein-Barr virus genome was more frequently positive in Hodgkin's lymphoma than in NHL. Immunologic evaluations showed severely depressed T cell counts and CD4 to CD8 cell ratios as well as markedly increased levels of antilymphocyte antibodies. Reflecting the background of profound immune deficiency, the AIDS-associated lymphomas were characterized by high aggressiveness, early tendency to generalization, frequent post-treatment relapse, and short periods of survival.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphomas: clinical, pathologic, immunologic, and viral characteristics of 111 cases. 207 Nov 12

The histopathologic changes of bone marrow during infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are described. Bone marrow biopsies from 73 patients at different stages of HIV-1 infection were studied. Indications for biopsy included peripheral blood abnormalities, suspicion of lymphoma, or search for specific pathogens. Common histopathological features, suggestive of HIV-1 infection but nonpathognomonic were hypercellularity (67%), myelodysplasia (86.1%), plasmacytosis (98.6%), lymphocytic infiltration (31.1%) and histiocytic infiltration with or without granulomata (13.7%). Increases in reticulin fibers (54.7%), and stainable iron deposits, vascular congestion and serous atrophy of fat were frequent features. Opportunistic infections and neoplastic complications were detected in 7 cases: pathogens were demonstrated in 4 cases (Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI), Cryptococcus neoformans, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania) and lymphoma in 3 cases (1 Burkitt lymphoma and 2 Hodgkin's disease). Bone marrow hypoplasia is usually a terminal event in AIDS and may be iatrogenic.
Prog AIDS Pathol 1990
PMID:Bone marrow findings in HIV infection: a pathological study. 210 65

A semiquantitative morphometric technique (point counting) was applied to the pituitary and adrenals taken at necropsy from 130 AIDS patients (4 women, 126 men, mean age 39 [22-71] years) to ascertain the nature, extent and location of the pathological lesions. Abnormalities were found in 32% of the pituitaries and 76% of the adrenals. Only 17 patients had normal findings in both organs. The predominant lesions were due to opportunistic infections or infiltration by Kaposi's sarcoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The commonest finding was necrotizing cytomegalovirus adrenalitis (n = 68); in one third of the cases this had caused severe destructive lesions involving over 50% of the parenchyma. The almost total destruction of the adrenals noted in some cases suggests that cytomegalovirus adrenalitis may run a progressive course; its clinical significance has hitherto been underestimated.
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PMID:[The morphology and clinical significance of pathologic changes of the adrenals and hypophysis in AIDS]. 215 63

Because of the various neoplastic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the variable period between HIV infection and the development of tumors related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it is possible that certain behaviors, toxins, genes, or infectious agents--particularly viruses--may act as cofactors in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related neoplasms. Most epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of possible cofactors have been directed toward Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), by far the most common AIDS-related tumor and one closely associated with male homosexual lifestyle in the U.S. Nonetheless, epidemiologic investigations of putative associations have not demonstrated any clear association between KS and particular viruses. Furthermore, laboratory investigations, both serologic and molecular/genetic, have failed to definitively implicate as cofactors for KS these viruses: cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses, pathogenic human papillomaviruses, or human herpes virus type 6. Investigations of a suggested association between EBV and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's (B cell) lymphomas (NHLs) have also been inconclusive. However, HIV may act as a cofactor in accelerating the development of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, viral or other cofactors have not been definitely identified as cofactors in AIDS-related tumors.
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PMID:Possible cofactors for the development of AIDS-related neoplasms. 216 69

Four Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were successfully infected in vitro with immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as demonstrated by reverse transcriptase activity and p24 HIV antigen in culture supernatants, positive cell staining for gag-encoded HIV proteins, presence of viral HIV genome by Southern blot analysis and ulstrastructural observations. In addition, both HIV-1-infected B cells and their supernatants efficiently transactivated the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene which is under the control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. The LCL cells displayed long-term HIV-1 infection and production, but no cytopathic effects were observed. Cytofluorimetric analysis did not detect membrane CD4 presence in the LCL cells before and after HIV-1 infection; moreover, a minute amount of CD4 mRNA was observed only in one of the LCL. A monoclonal antibody specific for the viral binding site of the CD4 molecule delayed, but did not block, HIV-1 infection of the LCL cells. Following HIV-1 infection, changes in LCL phenotype were observed, consisting of a decrease in CD23- and CD39-positive cells, and a concomitant increase of cells with surface CD10 and Bac-1. Furthermore, HIV-1-infected LCL cells did not grow in tight clumps, as usually observed in uninfected LCL, but as disperse suspensions, and formed more agar colonies than control LCL. However, despite this apparent acquisition of a malignant-like phenotype, c-myc proto-oncogene rearrangement was not detected. The appearance of cells with new characteristics did not seem due to clone selection by HIV-1 infection, since all the LCL conserved their clonotypic pattern of IgH chain rearrangement. The acquisition of malignant-like features by HIV-infected B cells might be clinically significant in terms of the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphomas, which occur frequently in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Infection of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cells by the human immunodeficiency virus: evidence for a persistent and productive infection leading to B cell phenotypic changes. 217 Jan 47

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas were studied in fifteen autopsied patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using the working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the tumors were classified as large cell (7 patients), mixed large and small cell (6 patients), small cleaved cell (1 patient), and unclassifiable (1 patient). The mixed lymphomas displayed unusual features characterized by a high mitotic rate and the presence of numerous medium-sized cells (5 to 10 mus), not classifiable using the working formulation. Focal T cell and lymphoplasmacytoid B cell infiltrates accompanied lymphoma cells at the periphery of and remote from solid tumor masses in 9 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lymphomas suggested B cell neoplasms. All of these patients had concurrent CNS and systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. The CNS infections were of both viral (CMV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and non-viral (toxoplasmosis, candidiasis) etiology. In the general AIDS population at our institution, the autopsy incidence of CNS infections and systemic CMV was 63% and 60%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence for both these entities was 0% in otherwise healthy, non-AIDS patients with CNS lymphoma supports the hypothesis that viral infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of CNS lymphoma in the immunocompromised. Polyclonal lymphoplasmacytoid B and T cell infiltrates accompanying lymphoma may produce diagnostic difficulties on surgical biopsy. As these infiltrates were a frequent feature in this study, we caution that their recognition does not argue against the presence of CNS lymphoma.
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PMID:Central nervous system lymphoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 217 24

We designed synthetic oligonucleotide primers and hybridization probe for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and hybridization detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nucleic acid sequences. Primer sequences were chosen from the coding region for the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1). PCR amplification and hybridization with these oligonucleotides was carried out on standard laboratory cell lines including African Burkitt's lymphoma and infectious mononucleosis derived cell lines, as well as cell lines recently established from clinical EBV isolates from bone marrow transplant recipients. All EBV cell lines tested were positive. No false-positives were detected with uninfected cell lines, human placental DNA or with other viruses. The sensitivity of the detection procedure was such that four copies of the EBV genome could consistently be detected in a background of 1 microgram of placental DNA. EBV was detected in DNA extracts from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two patients with infectious mononucleosis and one patient with viral-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Three of 18 EBV seropositive patients without known ongoing EBV-associated illness undergoing ambulatory surgery also had EBV detected in DNA extracts from their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. EBV was detected in DNA extracts from lymphoma tissue from two patients with post-transplant lymphomas and two AIDS patients with primary CNS lymphomas. EBV was not detected in 12 B-cell lymphoma specimens from patients without history of immunocompromise. DNA extracts from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded Hodgkin's tissues previously shown to be EBV positive by Southern blot were also demonstrated to be EBV positive by PCR. Thus, with the oligonucleotides described, PCR is applicable to the detection of EBV in a spectrum of clinical isolates. The broad specificity of these oligonucleotides for all strains of EBV tested is probably a function of the highly conserved sequence of the EBNA-1 DNA binding domain.
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PMID:Oligonucleotides for polymerase chain reaction amplification and hybridization detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in clinical specimens. 217 46

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that has been linked to several human neoplasms. It has been found in over 90% of cases of Burkitt's lymphoma in endemic regions, although only 15% of cases in nonendemic regions show evidence of infection. The virus has been found in malignant lymphomas in immunocompromised states, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, iatrogenic immunosuppression, such as in posttransplantation patients, and congenital immunodeficiencies. Recently, EBV genomes have been found in approximately 25% of cases of Hodgkin's disease, where it has been found in the Reed-Sternberg cells. Epstein-Barr virus genomes are found in over 90% of cases of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, EBV has been identified in undifferentiated carcinomas in other sites in Asians, such as carcinomas of the parotid in Chinese individuals and Eskimos.
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PMID:Viral oncogenesis: Epstein-Barr virus. 217 57


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