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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three major subpopulations of lymphocytes have been identified in human peripheral blood: thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, bursa-equivalent (B) lymphocytes, and null (neither T nor B) lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes are commonly identified by a surface receptor for sheep erythrocytes, and by heterologous antisera raised against human thymus cells and absorbed with human B-cell leukemias or lymphoblastoid cell lines. B-lymphocytes are routinely enumerated by immunofluorescent staining technics for surface immunoglobulin, or by assays for the receptor for C3. Null cells bear a receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin, and are killer (K) cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Accurate quantitation of T- and B-cells in disease states has been hampered by marked contamination of monocytes in populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes purified by density gradients, binding of autologous immunoglobulin to the surface of non-B cells, and disease-associated alterations of T- and B-cell surface markers. Assays for peripheral blood T- and B-cells may be of significant clinical value in the early diagnosis of lymphocytosis of unknown origin, congenital immunodeficiency disorders, organ transplant rejection crises, and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:T- and B-cells in immunologic diseases. 33 78

Although the term thymic hyperplasia is used most commonly to indicate the occurrence of germinal centers in the thymus, cognizance must be taken of the fact that such centers may occur in apparently normal thymuses in both children and adults. A concept of thymic compartmentalization is proposed with origin of germinal centers in the perivascular space (extraparenchymal compartment) of the thymus. These germinal centers contain a high percentage of B lymphocytes in contrast to the true thymic parenchyma. Although the significance of germinal centers in the thymus parenchyma. Although the significance of germinal centers in the thymus in myasthenia gravis remains controversial, removal of nonneoplastic thymus in this condition is of proven therapeutic value. A variety of neoplasms originating in the thymus have previously been lumped together under the single term "thymoma." It is apparent, however, that thymoma, thymic carcinoid, various lymphomas, and germ cell tumors that arise in the thymus differ not only pathologically but also in their clinical behavior. Thymoma is regarded as an epithelial neoplasm and ultrastucturally is characterized by many desmosomes and tonofilaments. The lymphocytes do not behave in a malignant manner, and lymphomas of the thymus should be sharply separated from true thymoma. Poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma and histiocytic lymphoma may be distinguishable only by the electron microscopic demonstration of desmosomes and filaments in the thymic carcinoma. The evidence that Hodgkin's disease of the thymus ("granulomatous thymoma") is not a variant of thymoma appears overwhelming. Lymphoblastic lymphoma of the thymus is a distinctive neoplasm that is especially prevalent in teenage males. High levels of terminal transferase characterize the lymphoblasts and there is a striking tendency for leukemia to occur. Thymic carcinoid is usually nonfunctional, although one-third of the reported cases are associated with Cushing's syndrome. On light microscopy a ribbon pattern and punctate necroses are characteristic of thymic carcinoids. Electron microscopic demonstration of many dense core granules is invaluable in establishing this diagnosis. An important clue to the diagnosis of thymic seminoma (a neoplasm that shows the same radiosensitivity as its testicular counterpart) is the frequent presence of epithelioid and giant cell granulomas and germinal centers. Separation of the various thymic neoplasms described not only is justifiable on pathologic grounds but is often essential for appropriate patient investigation and treatment.
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PMID:Thymic hyperplasia and neoplasia: a review of current concepts. 36 41

This paper reviews the changes of blood and peripheral lymph lymphocytes induced by therapeutic irradiation as given for a variety of lymphoid and nonlymphoid neoplastic diseases. The irradiation brings about an abrupt reduction of the numbers of blood B and T lymphocytes. The number of lymphocytes seems to be restored within a few months after irradiation, while at least 3-5 years appear to pass before the number of blood T lymphocytes is restored. The pattern of recovery seems to be the same whether the thymus has been included in the fields of irradiation or not. In the adult organism, considerable differences apparently exist between the capacities for reproduction of B and T lymphocytes. The number of lymphocytes in peripheral lymph is also much reduced in the irradiated patient and remains so for a long period. This is compatible with the concept that migration from blood to peripheral lymph is a feature quite specific for T lymphocytes. These results are discussed in relation to the immune defense against infection and autologous tumor, and also in relation to the influence of radiotherapy on the immune defect in Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:The influence of therapeutic irradiation of blood and peripheral lymph lymphocytes. 36 38

We report a case of cystic Hodgkin's disease of the thymus that was evaluated preoperatively by computed tomography (CT). Although this is an uncommon cause of an anterior mediastinal mass, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis along with cystic thymoma and cystic treatomas, since the treatment of the these lesions is dramatically different. The CT appearance and pathology of this lesion are discussed.
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PMID:Cystic Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thymus: computed tomography appearance. 45 71

Cells from 9 monolayer tissue cultures prepared from Hodgkin's disease tumors in the spleen were examined in the electron microscope. Three established culture lines (carried in vitro for greater than 3 years and passaged greater than 200 times) that contained aneuploid karyotypes were composed of oval cells with numerous interdigitating surface microvilli. The nuclei were complex and convoluted with multiple large nucleoli and dispersed chromatin. The cytoplasm contained lysosomes, microfilaments, a complex Golgi apparatus, nondilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes, fat, and glycogen. One Hodgkin's disease monolayer with aneuploid chromosomes examined from the 4th to 48th passage in culture was composed of larger cells with fewer microvilli and numerous multinuclear giant cells. Two monolayers derived from transplanted tumors in nude mice inoculated with Hodgkin's disease cultured cells were similar to the original cell lines. The ultrastructural features of these 6 cultures with aneuploid karyotypes differed from those of 3 monolayers which, although prepared from Hodgkin's disease splenic tumors, were composed of fibroblastic cells with diploid chromosomes. The aneuploid Hodgkin's disease cultures did not resemble 6 normal spleen, thymus, or lung monolayers, Raji lymphoblastoid suspension cultures, or Hela cells. Our electron microscopic studies indicate that adherent cells which replicate in some monolayer tissue cultures derived from Hodgkin's disease tumors are related to and possibly derived from neoplastic macrophages.
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PMID:Electron microscopy of Hodgkin's disease tissue cultures. 47 68

Cell surface markers are becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoid diseases. We present a case of pulmonary histoplasmosis with a pleural effusion. The differential diagnosis included non-Hodgkin lymphoma because the pleural fluid cells were cytologically identical to convoluted lymphoblasts; the cells also formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 37 degrees C, suggesting that they were malignant thymus-derived lymphoblasts. Since cultures of pleural fluid were negative for bacteria and fungi, the correct diagnosis of histoplasmosis was made only after conventional histology identified Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in pleural nodules. Thus, until we have a better understanding of the significance of cell surface markers, we should continue to rely on conventional histology for the diagnosis of lymphomas.
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PMID:Histoplasmosis mimicking childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 52 25

Thirteen tumors of questionable genesis located in the thymus were studied. The microscopical structure of these tumors was identical to lymphogranulomatosis of other localization. Reactive proliferation of the thymic epithelium and cyst formation are characteristic of lymphogranulomatosis primarily developing in the thymus. The disease was not "granulomatous thymoma" since giant multinuclear cells by their structural characteristics corresponded to reticular elemens and the epithelial component was absent in extrathoracal formations.
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PMID:[Lymphogranulomatosis of the thymus gland ("granulomatous thymoma")]. 52 61

Among 82 patients with a tumor in the thymic region, 17 had a lesion that fulfilled the criteria for Hodgkin's disease of the thymus; the histopathological differentiation of this entity from thymomas is discussed. All patients received surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy. After a mean observation time of 10 years there was no local recurrence and no death due to the disease, though 3 deaths were cuased by the treatment. New clinical manifestations occurred in 3 of the 14 long-term survivors: they were treated successfully by operation or irradiation. A very aggressive surgical approach involving extirpation of all tumor tissue, extensive excision of the surrounding tissues and adjacent lymph nodes, and supplementary radiotherapy seems to be the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: II. Clinicopathological studies on Hodgkin's disease of the thymus. 62 44

This technique enables the exploration of the mediastinum by the cervical way, but remains an unfrequent examination in children. Among almost 1000 mediastinoscopies made by the authors, the indication concerned only 20 children aged less than 17. Made in a prognostical purpose in most of the cases (16 patients) it gave the diagnosis 14 times. In four cases the mediastinoscopy was carried out as a prognosis during a pre-therapeutics of some hematosarcomas. This method requires a general anaesthesia with intubation, but doesn't differ much from the technic for adults. Besides the supra-sternal way leading to the axial mediastinum (Carlens's technic) other ways are used, particularly the anterior mediastinoscopy--exploring the thymic lodge--and the antero-lateral way through an intercostal space. The mediastinoscope enable the visual control of the lesions, completed with biopsies of the tissues for an histological examination and puncture with a needle for the cytology study. The diagnosis was made in 90% of the cases, sometimes after repeat mediastinoscopy. The failures are due most often to an incertitude in the interpretation of the samples than a badly directed biopsy. There was no surgical incident in our serie. The general morbidity of the examination is 1,5% and the mortality is 0,1% according to the authors. But two anesthetic incidents were observed in children with malignant lymphomas and required the use of reanimation technics. The mediastinoscopy is useful in the tumors of the thymus (10 times), the tumors of the lateral mediastinum (8 times) an hematosarcomas or Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:[Mediastinoscopy in children]. 70 9

The distribution of thymus-dependent (T cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) was studied in 74 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 33 normal controls. A T cell deficit was found in untreated patients as well as in long-term survivors in remission. Therapy slightly enhanced the T cell depletion in Hodgkin's disease patients. Concomitant with this finding was slight increase of B cells.
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PMID:The distribution of B and T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease. 82 70


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