Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spinal cord abscesses are extremely rare, even in intravenous drug abusers. They usually have a poor prognosis unless diagnosed and treated promptly. MRI is the best imaging modality for diagnosis and follow-up. We report a 42-year-old man, an active intravenous drug user, HIV negative, who developed subacute tetraplegia from an intramedullary abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Immediate decompressive surgery and antibiotic treatment led to progressive recovery.
 ...
PMID:Spinal cord abscess in a heroin addict: case report. 973 Mar 47

A 36-year old male with a three year history of HIV infection and more recently, CMV retinitis, had several episodes of polyradiculitis with severe bilateral leg pain and urinary retention which resolved slowly over several months. He then presented with high fevers and severe dysphagia with dehydration. Examination showed oral thrush, dyarthric speech and mild memory impairment. Fundoscopic exam showed CMV retinitis and HIV retinopathy. Further examination revealed other cranial nerve signs and leg weakness. MRI scans showed several contrast enhancing abnormalities of cranial nerve roots. The patient died from massive barium aspiration. At autopsy the brain showed multiple CMV cranial neuritis, CMV polyradiculitis and CMV ventriculo-ependymitis. While spinal nerve root involvement by CMV may occur in up to 1% of AIDS patients, involvement of cranial nerves is unusual and CMV infection of multiple cranial nerves is distinctly rare.
 ...
PMID:Case of the month: May 1998--a patient with HIV infection and multiple cranial neuritis. 980 88

Neurological complications occur in 40% of "human immunodeficiency virus type 1" (HIV-1)-infected patients. Aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of stereotactic brain biopsy and non invasive diagnostic procedures (CT, antitoxoplasma antibodies) and to calculate the benefit of the brain biopsy for the patient and the costs of both methods. From October 1989 through September 1995 we biopsied 44 of 2749 (2%) HIV-1-infected patients after non invasive diagnostic procedures had been performed. In 93% of the patients an unambiguous diagnosis was possible based on the biopsy and lead in 73% of the patients to a change of therapy. No complications occurred after biopsy. 40 CTs and 15 MRIs were done. The radiological appearance of toxoplasmosis and non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) differed from that of progressive multifocal leucencephalopathy (PML) in respect to enhancement (PML). CT showed a sensitivity of 55% (toxoplasmosis, NHL) and 78% (PML) and a specificity of 83% (PML), 84% (NHL) and 96% (toxoplasmosis), respectively. Antitoxoplasma antibodies showed a sensitivity of 45%, only. The stereotactic brain biopsy was more expensive (20.166,- ATS) than CT, MRI and antitoxoplasma antibodies (4109,- ATS up to 6959,- ATS). We conclude that stereotactic brain biopsy is an efficient and safe and for the patients important diagnostic procedure. In selected patients even expensive investigations should be undertaken considering specific therapy and cost effective homecare.
 ...
PMID:[Stereotactic brain biopsy in AIDS patients: a necessary patient-oriented and cost-effective diagnostic measure?]. 981 1

Recurrence of the chickenpox virus, herpes zoster localizes in cranial nerves in 30% of cases, with a predilection for the ophthalmic nerve. In young patients, clinicians must search for a herpes zoster-HIV association as well as oculomotor proprioception impairment in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Enhanced MRI allows good objective view of the facial nerve lesions in herpes zoster facial paralysis. Finally, the gravity and aftereffects of cephalic herpes zoster can be decreased by an appropriate therapeutic approach.
 ...
PMID:[Zona of the cranial nerves. Current aspects]. 984 61

We reported a case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with acute lumbosacral polyradiculopathy (ALSP), resulting from the opportunistic infection of cytomegalovirus (CMV). A 22-year-old Thai woman noticed weakness of the both legs, and two weeks later, she became unable to walk and had the difficulty of voiding. Neurological examination revealed flaccid paraplegia, sensory disturbance of the both legs, areflexia of the patella and ankle, and urinary retention. She could not move the legs on either side except for ankle flexion or extension, and the passive elevation of the leg brought about severe sacral pain. Radiological examinations, including lumbar MRI, failed to reveal abnormal findings. The needle EMG showed an acute denervation of the lower leg muscles, and the lumbar puncture yielded a colorless fluid containing 2,097/cu mm WBC (polynuclear 88%), 412 mg/dl protein and 45 mg/dl glucose. The serum HIV-1 antibody was positive with a marked loss of CD4 lymphocytes (31/cu mm). In CSF, the DNA of CMV was detected in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. In addition, large round cells with intranuclear or cytoplasmic inclusions showing immunopositivity for the CMV antibody were present. Ganciclovir (daily dose: 400 mg, every 12 h) was administered for two weeks, but the painful numbness gradually extended to the trunk. For AIDS patients, ALSP caused by the CMV infection is a rare neurological complication, and this is the first case report in Japan. Progressive flaccid paraplegia with sensory disturbance, radicular pain, or bladder dysfunction are characteristic symptoms, and CSF pleocytosis with elevated protein or hypoglycorrhachia provides a diagnostic clue for clinicians. In addition, the CMV-DNA amplification in the PCR method or immunohistochemical approach from CSF is a useful procedure.
 ...
PMID:[A case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting acute lumbosacral polyradiculopathy due to opportunistic infection of cytomegalovirus]. 986 11

Over a 2 year period, we identified five HIV-infected patients who presented with central nervous system infection caused by varicella-zoster virus, three with myelitits, and two with meningoencephalitis. All five patients were profoundly immunocompromised. Clinical presentation of these patients overlapped to a significant extent with diseases caused by other viruses, e.g. CMV. Indeed, in one case, a dual infection with CMV was diagnosed, but the respective role of each virus was ascertained by in situ hybridisation. At the time of CNS involvement, only one patient had active VZV cutaneous lesions, which were instrumental in diagnosing her condition. In contrast, PCR for VZV DNA in the CSF was helpful in making a diagnosis in the four other cases, one of which was confirmed by a post mortem. Of these five patients, two patients developed VZV disease while receiving oral acyclovir and had foscarnet treatment initiated when MRI demonstrated widespread lesions. They did not respond to antiviral therapy. The three other patients had intravenous acyclovir initiated at a time when no or limited parenchymal lesions were observed by MRI. Two of these three patients had VZV infection diagnosed solely on the basis of PCR: all three responded to treatment. Our data show that reactivation of VZV involving the central nervous system occurs frequently in the absence of cutaneous lesions. PCR of cerebrospinal fluid may help in making an early diagnosis which is probably a prerequisite for successful treatment of VZV infection of the CNS.
 ...
PMID:Impact of cerebrospinal fluid PCR on the management of HIV-infected patients with varicella-zoster virus infection of the central nervous system. 1032 81

We review the MRI findings of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with "spinal" symptoms and review the literature. In 23 consecutive HIV-positive patients presenting with acute neurologic complaints thought to be referable to the spine, we reviewed spinal MRI, medical charts, and laboratory, pathologic, and autopsy data. In the early stages of HIV infection, the common causes of spinal complaints (i. e., degenerative spine and disc disease) predominated. However, pathology may be missed without contrast-enhanced MRI of the spine. In more advanced cases, the differential diagnosis includes one or more neoplastic and/or infectious causes which require contrast-enhanced MRI for detection. In these cases, normal cerebrospinal fluid findings should not preclude contrast-enhanced MRI of the spine. Imaging of the brain may also be indicated in cases when the spinal study is negative.
 ...
PMID:Spinal disease in neurologically symptomatic HIV-positive patients. 1037 96

The prevalence of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in our population of haemophiliacs was 12%. The incidence of ICH was approximately 2% per year. At entry, 7% (21/309) had clinical histories of ICH without MRI evidence of old haemorrhage, indicating that either the haemorrhages had completely resolved, that routine MRI sequences are not particularly sensitive for the detection of old blood products, or a combination of both of these factors. One half (4/8) of the ICHs documented by entry MRI were clinically silent, and three of the 11 incident cases documented by MRI were clinically silent. HIV infection did not increase the risk of ICH.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and incidence of intracranial haemorrhage in a population of children with haemophilia. The Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. 1058 11

Neurological manifestations are frequent in patients with AIDS. Many neurological disorders have disappeared with the advent of highly active antiretroviral combination therapies. We can speculate that some of these disorders may reappear in patients under antiretroviral therapy, possibly with different clinical manifestations and at a different stage during HIV-infection. We discuss the appearance of the most common neurological complications in relation to the CD4-cell count during HIV-infection. The most frequent causes of seizures and headache in HIV-infected patients are shown. We recommend a systematic diagnostic work-up in patients with headache, starting from 3 typical clinical situations: focal signs, convulsions or altered mental status; no focal signs, CD4-cells > 200 microliters, meningism; fever and/or meningism, no focal signs. The analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction is now a well established diagnostic method for investigating the most common CNS-infections in AIDS-patients. Neuroimaging (by MRI or CT-scan) is an additional, useful investigation. Cerebral toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, PML, encephalitis due to herpes-viruses and neurosyphilis are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[CNS-infections in HIV patients]. 1059 81

The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of (111)In-DTPA-octreotide (OC) for in vivo scintigraphic imaging of these relatively uncommon tumors. Thirteen patients (9 males, 4 females, mean age 59 years) with known sarcomatous lesions were studied. All patients had known lesions as demonstrated by previous investigation with other modalities, e.g. CAT, MRI. Following intravenous injection of 10 microg of OC labeled with 2.8-4.2 mCi (111)In, planar imaging was done at 6 +/- 1 and 22 +/- 2 h, respectively. Histologic verification was obtained in all cases, either from fine needle aspiration or from surgically removed tissue. Positive imaging was observed in 12/13 cases (92.3%). One scan was false-negative (7.7%). Occult lesions were demonstrated in two patients. The histologic typing and the scintigraphy results were: fibrosarcoma (1+/1), embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (1+/1), leiomyosarcomas (3+/3), liposarcomas (2+/2), uterine sarcomas (2+/2), HIV (-) Kaposi sarcoma (1+/1), osteosarcoma (1+/1), chondrosarcoma (1-/1) and neurogenous sarcoma (1+/1). OC appears to have properties that lead to a new indication for its use. Other possible applications relate to the therapeutic use of octreotide either unlabeled or labeled with a beta-emitting radionuclide, as well as its use in radioimmunoguided surgery. Regarding the latter, our preliminary results are encouraging.
 ...
PMID:Scintigraphic imaging of sarcomatous tumors with [(111)In-DTPA-phe-1]-octreotide. 1064 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>