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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The non-treponemic fast detection test of plasmatic reagines (RPR) and the treponemic hemagglutination test of Treponema pallidum were used in the detection of infection due to T. pallidum in 60 males presenting HIV/AIDS infection with clinicoepidemiological diagnosis of syphilis. It was confirmed that 30% presented recently acquired symptomatic or latent syphilis and that 10% had markers of past treated infection or of late acquired latent syphilis, whereas in the other 60% no serological reactivity was detected. A seroprevalence study of reaginic antibodies was conducted by RPR in 59 HIV/AIDS females, using 67 women negative to this virus as controls. All of them had no symptoms compatible with the syphilitic infection. It was concluded that 20.3% and 11.9%, respectively, presented reactivity, which established a probable diagnosis of syphilis or a seroresistance to a previouos syphilis. These results showed a close association between syphilis and HIV/AIDS and that both diseases may coexist in a same patient.
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PMID:[Serological diagnosis of syphilis in Cuban HIV/AIDS patients]. 1584 12

A retrospective data analysis for sero-prevalence of antibodies to HIV, HBV and syphilis was carried out during the period 3 notrd September 2003 to 3rd June 2004 in 627 apparently healthy Nepalese males aged 17 to 48 years and association of the diseases with age group and blood group were analyzed. The study showed the prevalence of HIV, HBV and syphilis being 1.6%, 2.7% and 0.6% respectively. Analysis of blood group showed that 97.76% of total male population having Rhesus positive blood. Among them, O "positive" was the most common blood group with 31.9% followed by A "positive", B "positive" and AB "positive" respectively. The analysis of relationship showed a tendency of high affinity of those diseases in the subjects with O "positive" blood group. However, no real association of those infections was found with the blood group (HIV: X2=0.902, P=0.99; HBsAg: X2=1.212, P=0.99; RPR: X2=3.975, P=0.789).
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PMID:Serological prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among healthy Nepalese males--a retrospective study. 1638 65

The authors investigated the utility of both a nontreponemal (RPR) test and a treponemal (FTA-ABS) test for the diagnosis of primary syphilis during the emergence of the HIV epidemic in southern Africa. The serological tests were performed on 868 patients with genital ulcerations, seen in five centres. While primary syphilis was diagnosed by multiplex PCR in 163 cases (18.8%), the overall RPR and FTA-ABS seroprevalences were 24.3% and 51.5% respectively. The sensitivities of the RPR and FTA-ABS to detect primary syphilis were 69.3% and 89.6% respectively, while the specificities were 86.1% and 58.5% respectively. The performance characteristics of these tests were influenced negatively by concomitant HIV infection and the presence of other genital ulcer disease pathogens in lesions found to be Treponema pallidum PCR positive.
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PMID:The influence of concomitant HIV infection on the serological diagnosis of primary syphilis in southern Africa. 1825 Sep 27

Organ/tissue/cell transplantation carries the risk of infection transfer from donor to recipient. Consecutive infections can be severe, lethal, and proceed to chronic condition without possibility of treating, treatable with known antimicrobial drugs. The possible consequences and infection development should be taken in consideration on planning the procedure. The risk of infectious disease transmission is estimated from patient history, evaluation of clinical documentation and microbiological test results. On routine evaluation of organ/tissue/cell donor, a number of tests are used: (1) serology (Anti-HIV 1, 2, HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HCV, and VDRL/RPR, TPHA, Anti-CMV, Anti-Coxackie B1 to B6 and Anti-QF in heart transplantation), (2) molecular methods (HBV, HIV, HCV) and (3) blood and urine culture. Based on the methods listed above, the donor is categorized in terms of eligibility for donation as eligible, eligible with individual consent, or ineligible.
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PMID:[Eligibility of potential organ, tissue and cell donors regarding transmission of infection to recipient]. 1835 Aug 4

To determine the frequency of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and syphilis infections in Iranian blood donors. The prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV and syphilis infections were evaluated in 318029 consecutive volunteer blood donors attending to Tehran blood transfusion service from March 2005 to March 2006. Those positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, anti-HIV1/2 and VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory) reactivity were analyzed with a second independent HBsAg enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and neutralization assay; an additional independent anti-HCV EIA and HCV-RIBA assay; second independent anti-HIV1/2 test, HIV western blot and fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorbed (FTA-ABS), respectively. In 318029 participants, prevalence of positive HBsAg, HCV RNA, HIV western blot and FTA-ABS was 1684 (0.487%), 323 (0.093%), 11 (0.003%) and 19 (0.005%), respectively. In 1014 subjects randomly selected from these 318029 participants, besides standard interview, physical exam and routine serologic tests; anthropometric and biochemical were studies. In this selected group frequency of HBsAg was 3 (0.29, 95% CI: 0-0.64%); frequency of anti-HCV was 21 (2.07%), but it was (0.09%, 95% CI: 0-0.30%) by confirmatory HCV RNA test; frequency of HIV-Abl, 2 was 8 (0.78%), but it was 2 (0.19%, 95% CI: 0-0.48%) by confirmatory test; frequency of RPR was 0 (0%, 95% CI: 0-0.30%). Despite excluding subjects with high-risk behaviors by standard interview and physical examination, still a few asymptomatic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV-infected subjects existed among volunteer blood donors with demographic and biochemical findings similar to non-infected ones.
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PMID:Seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis infections in Iranian blood donors. 1909 12

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for syphilis infection among female sex workers (FSWs) in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China. A cross-sectional study recruited FSWs using a venue-based method and subsequent snowball sampling with mapping strategies. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted to collect demographic and behavioral information. Blood was tested for syphilis (RPR with TPPA confirmation) and HIV (EIA with Western blot confirmation) infections. Of the 362 eligible participants, 81.7% were non-local residents (60.5% from other parts of Guangxi and 21.2% were non-Guangxi residents); 58.0% belonged to non-Han minority ethnic groups; 37.5% reported inconsistent condom use with their clients and 71.2% reported inconsistent condom use with their regular sex partners during the past month. Nearly 10% reported having had sex with drug users. The prevalence rates for HIV and syphilis infections were 2.3% and 11.0%, respectively. Almost half (46.6%) of participants reported having had STD symptoms. Inconsistent condom use with clients in the past month (AOR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.8-13.8), less education (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.1-7.4), and HIV infection (AOR = 8.1; 95% CI = 1.1-68.5) were independently associated with syphilis infection.
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PMID:Prevalence of HIV infection and predictors for syphilis infection among female sex workers in southern China. 1932 11

Venereal syphilis is a multi-stage, sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum (Tp). Herein we describe a cohort of 57 patients (age 18-68 years) with secondary syphilis (SS) identified through a network of public sector primary health care providers in Cali, Colombia. To be eligible for participation, study subjects were required to have cutaneous lesions consistent with SS, a reactive Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR-titer > or = 1 : 4), and a confirmatory treponemal test (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption test- FTA-ABS). Most subjects enrolled were women (64.9%), predominantly Afro-Colombian (38.6%) or mestizo (56.1%), and all were of low socio-economic status. Three (5.3%) subjects were newly diagnosed with HIV infection at study entry. The duration of signs and symptoms in most patients (53.6%) was less than 30 days; however, some patients reported being symptomatic for several months (range 5-240 days). The typical palmar and plantar exanthem of SS was the most common dermal manifestation (63%), followed by diffuse hypo- or hyperpigmented macules and papules on the trunk, abdomen and extremities. Three patients had patchy alopecia. Whole blood (WB) samples and punch biopsy material from a subset of SS patients were assayed for the presence of Tp DNA polymerase I gene (polA) target by real-time qualitative and quantitative PCR methods. Twelve (46%) of the 26 WB samples studied had quantifiable Tp DNA (ranging between 194.9 and 1954.2 Tp polA copies/ml blood) and seven (64%) were positive when WB DNA was extracted within 24 hours of collection. Tp DNA was also present in 8/12 (66%) skin biopsies available for testing. Strain typing analysis was attempted in all skin and WB samples with detectable Tp DNA. Using arp repeat size analysis and tpr RFLP patterns four different strain types were identified (14d, 16d, 13d and 22a). None of the WB samples had sufficient DNA for typing. The clinical and microbiologic observations presented herein, together with recent Cali syphilis seroprevalence data, provide additional evidence that venereal syphilis is highly endemic in this region of Colombia, thus underscoring the need for health care providers in the region to be acutely aware of the clinical manifestations of SS. This study also provides, for the first time, quantitative evidence that a significant proportion of untreated SS patients have substantial numbers of circulating spirochetes. How Tp is able to persist in the blood and skin of SS patients, despite the known presence of circulating treponemal opsonizing antibodies and the robust pro-inflammatory cellular immune responses characteristic of this stage of the disease, is not fully understood and requires further study.
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PMID:Secondary syphilis in cali, Colombia: new concepts in disease pathogenesis. 2050 22

The objective of this study was to assess the sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and sexual risk behavior among female sex workers (FSWs) in Indonesia. This cross-sectional 2005 study involved 2500 FSWs in nine provinces in Indonesia. Informed consent was obtained; behavioral and clinical data were collected. Specimens were collected for STI testing, endocervical swabs were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PCR), vaginal smears were cultured to detect Trichomonas vaginalis and sera were tested for syphilis (RPR and TPHA). The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 43.5%, gonorrhea 28.6%, trichomoniasis 15.1%, and syphilis 8.7%; the prevalence of any STI was 64.0%. Inconsistent condom use, younger age, and higher number of clients were independent risk factors for the presence of gonorrhea/chlamydia. Inconsistent condom use was common (73.2%); starting sex work at younger age, and higher number of clients were independent risk factors. Vaginal douching was reported by 89.6% of FSWs; no association with gonorrhea/chlamydial infection was found. This study identified a high STI prevalence and low consistent condom use among FSWs in Indonesia. This will need to be addressed to prevent further spread of infections, including HIV.
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PMID:Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and sexual risk behavior among female sex workers in nine provinces in Indonesia, 2005. 2057 31

A 34-year-old, HIV-positive man living in Texas presented with a 2-week history of fever, malaise, myalgias, oral ulcers, and papules on his chest, back, face, and extremities, including the palms. Initially secondary syphilis was suspected. However, RPR was negative. Histopathologic examination revealed a lymphocytic infiltrate with numerous intra-histiocytic fungal organisms. GMS and PAS stains were positive, consistent with the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis clinically mimicking secondary syphilis.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis mimicking secondary syphilis. 2213 66

Introduction. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that is known as "the great imitator" due to its wide variety of clinical presentations, including ocular disorders. There has been an increase in the rate of syphilis in the United States, especially in persons with HIV. We report a case of optic perineuritis in an asymptomatic male secondary to central nervous system (CNS) syphilis. Case Report. A 41-year-old man was found to have bilateral disc edema on a routine exam. Brain MRI was unremarkable, and lumbar puncture revealed a normal opening pressure, with an elevated cerebrospinal fluid white cell count. Orbit MRI showed optic nerve sheath expansion and enhancement, consistent with optic perineuritis. He tested positive for syphilis based on serum RPR and FTA-ABS. Conclusion. Ophthalmologic findings, including disc edema, may be the presenting features of CNS syphilis. Even in asymptomatic persons, perineuritis should be considered early, as diagnosis and treatment are imperative given the progressive nature of the disease.
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PMID:Neurosyphilis presenting as asymptomatic optic perineuritis. 2260 98


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