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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effect of the structure of cloned env gene of HIV virus on the level of its expression has been studied. The deletion of the hydrophobic region from the env gene has been shown to increase considerably the biosynthesis of antigen-specific proteins in Escherichia coli cells. At the same time, the low level of expression of the gene fragment the transcription of which is controlled by a powerful lac-promoter suggests the presence of toxic regions of nonhydrophobic nature in the synthesized antigen.
Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 1989 Jun
PMID:[Biosynthesis of the membrane protein of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus (HIV) with a deleted hydrophobic region in E. coli cells]. 268 18

We report the isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) from each of six West Africans with AIDS-related complex or AIDS. One isolate (HIV-2CAM2) was molecularly cloned and shown by restriction mapping to differ in seven out of 22 sites from the prototype HIV-2ROD. Nevertheless, by a number of serological criteria these isolates are all clearly HIV-2.
J Gen Virol 1989 Feb
PMID:Six new isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and the molecular characterization of one (HIV-2CAM2). 273 97

We have developed a flow cytometric method for demonstrating cell fusion between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells and uninfected CD4-bearing MOLT-4 cells. Syncytium formation due to an interaction between the gp120 glycoprotein expressed on HIV-infected HUT-78 cells and the CD4 receptor present on MOLT-4 cells, resulted in an immediate decrease in the number of MOLT-4 cells; after a 24 h incubation period almost all MOLT-4 cells had disappeared from the culture. To show that the target MOLT-4 cells and not the aggressor HUT-78 cells were destroyed, specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that reacted with antigens expressed on either MOLT-4 or HUT-78 cells were used. The formation of giant cells and the concomitant disappearance of MOLT-4 cells was blocked by MAbs specific for OKT4A and Leu3a, and, to a much lower level, by the MAbs specific of OKT4 and gp120. MAbs specific for OKT3, Leu2a, HLA-DR, Leu18 and LeuM3 did not prevent the disappearance of MOLT-4 cells. Sera from two AIDS patients containing antibodies to the HIV envelope glycoproteins did not protect MOLT-4 cells against the destructive effect of the HIV-infected HUT-78 cells. The fusion index, the percentage fusion inhibition and the 50% fusion inhibitory concentration of the MAbs can be accurately determined with the flow cytometric assay. The method can be readily implemented to evaluate any therapeutic treatment by examining its capacity to block cell-to-cell fusion, and hence destruction of the target bystander cells. Five anti-HIV compounds which have been previously shown to interfere with HIV binding to cells (namely pentosan polysulphate, heparin, suramin, aurintricarboxylic acid and Evans Blue) were further evaluated by this new method. With the exception of heparin, all of these compounds were found to inhibit cell-to-cell fusion and the concomitant destruction of the target bystander cells. Azidothymidine failed to inhibit fusion or bystander T cell destruction.
J Gen Virol 1989 Sep
PMID:Syncytium formation and destruction of bystander CD4+ cells cocultured with T cells persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus as demonstrated by flow cytometry. 278 68

The ability of poly(L-lysine)-conjugated and methylphosphonate-modified synthetic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides to protect susceptible host cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection was studied. The abundance of viral antigens in oligomer-treated cultures indicated that the oligomers did not significantly affect viral infectivity. Similarly, no significant effects on relative viral RNA accumulation were apparent. The presence of poly(L-lysine)-modified oligomer complementary to the HIV-1 splice donor site resulted in a significant reduction in the production of viral structural proteins and virus titre in infected cultures. In addition, these cells were protected from HIV-1-mediated cytopathic effects while the other cultures rapidly succumbed to the cytotoxic effects of HIV-1 infection. The presence of poly(L-lysine)-conjugated oligomer resulted in the establishment of a persistent HIV-1 infection characterized by a highly productive virus infection in the absence of cell death while treatment of persistently infected cells with phorbol ester resulted in renewed cytopathicity. These results demonstrate the ability of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides to protect susceptible host cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection.
J Gen Virol 1989 Oct
PMID:Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-mediated cytopathic effects by poly(L-lysine)-conjugated synthetic antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides. 279 75

Juvenile rhesus macaques 6 to 18 months of age were experimentally infected by intravenous inoculation with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the T cell-tropic retrovirus of monkeys related to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus HIV. The SIV used for inoculation was grown either in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 or in the human tumour cell line HUT-78. Eight of the macaques died 129 to 352 days post-inoculation with a variety of clinical and pathological findings paralleling those of AIDS in humans. However eight other animals became persistently infected for prolonged periods; these eight macaques remained alive at 537 and 820 days post-inoculation despite persistent lymphadenopathy and our continued ability to isolate SIV. The ability of these monkeys to survive infection correlated directly with the strength of their antibody response to SIV. Infection was also established in macaques using approximately 100 tissue culture infectious doses of HUT-78-grown SIV. There was no correlation between the dose of virus inoculum and either the strength of the antibody response or clinical outcome. These results demonstrate that SIV infection of macaques can be used not only to study acute AIDS but also to mimic the long-term persistent infection seen in carriers of HIV.
J Gen Virol 1987 Dec
PMID:Long-term persistent infection of macaque monkeys with the simian immunodeficiency virus. 282 56

The reported serological relatedness between the major glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV gp120) and equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV gp90) was examined using purified antigens in radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoblot assays with reference serum from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, an anti-gp120 goat serum and EIAV-infected horse serum. To assess the contributions of glycoprotein oligosaccharide and peptide components to any observed reactivities, antigens treated with endoglycosidase F to remove carbohydrate were assayed in parallel with the intact glycoprotein. The results of the experiments indicated that the reactivity observed for each antigen was dependent on the immunoassay employed. The RIP and RIA analyses demonstrated that HIV gp120 is equally reactive with the AIDS patient serum, the goat anti-gp120 serum and the EIAV-infected horse serum, whereas the EIAV gp90 reacted only with the horse serum. In immunoblot assays, the HIV gp120 reacted with AIDS patient serum, but not with the EIAV-infected horse serum. Deglycosylation of the HIV gp120 evidently increased its reactivity with the AIDS patient serum, had no significant effect on its reactivity with the goat antiserum, and essentially abolished its reactivity with the EIAV reference serum. Thus, it appears that the serological cross-reactivity observed between HIV gp120 and sera from EIAV-infected horses can be attributed to the oligosaccharide rather than the peptide components of the viral glycoprotein. These studies also emphasize the necessity of employing several assay procedures in assessing lentivirus antigenicity.
J Gen Virol 1988 Jul
PMID:Characterization of the serological cross-reactivity between glycoproteins of the human immunodeficiency virus and equine infectious anaemia virus. 283 3

Several species of small animals were inoculated at birth or as adults with blood components from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related disorders, or with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No ill effects were noted in rats, hamsters, guinea-pigs, rabbits or musk shrews. Mice inoculated with clinical specimens had a significant incidence of mortality as compared with control groups (18.7% against 5.9%, P less than 0.025). Mice receiving HIV showed an increase in mortality, but it was not statistically significant. Infection of the animals by HIV could not be detected by virological or immunological studies. We concluded that none of these animal species provided a useful model for evaluating HIV infection.
J Gen Virol 1987 Aug
PMID:Small animals are not susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus infection. 288 49

Thirty-two follow-up studies of patients with HIV-1 infection, but without AIDS at baseline, were examined for information on the risk of developing AIDS or other conditions. Disease progression in asymptomatic groups was similar to that found in patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) without other symptoms. Among these asymptomatic and PGL groups, the risk of developing AIDS reached 10% to 15% between 24 and 36 months of follow up. The risk of progression to AIDS continued to increase in the studies with longer follow-up periods, reaching 36% at 88 months. However, more than 40% of "high-risk" groups (characterized by the presence of constitutional symptoms, oral thrush, herpes zoster, and/or low T4 counts) developed AIDS after only 36 months of follow-up. Reliable information about progression to other states (e.g., AIDS-related complex) has not been consistently provided.
J Gen Intern Med
PMID:The clinical prognosis of HIV-1 infection: a review of 32 follow-up studies. 306 38

The diagnosis of HIV infection is uniquely traumatic to the pregnant patient. Her adjustment is complicated by concerns for her fetus and by coexisting psychiatric disorders. The 15 obstetric patients described demonstrated significant comorbidity, including psychoactive substance abuse or dependence, adjustment and mood disorders, and personality disorders. Treatment should address not only adaptation to HIV infection but also the psychodynamics of pregnancy, the anticipation of illness in the infant, and the management of drug addiction and unstable character.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1988 Sep
PMID:HIV seropositivity diagnosed during pregnancy: psychosocial characterization of patients and their adaptation. 316 31

AIDS and HIV infection raise a number of important ethical issues and problems for general practitioners. The ethical issues which impinge most directly on the personal relationship between patient and practitioner are duty to care, consent and confidentiality. These issues, and some practical problems which are likely to be encountered by practitioners, are discussed with the help of case studies and by applying fundamental ethical principles.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1988 Sep
PMID:AIDS and HIV infection: ethical problems for general practitioners. 325 58


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