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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The infection and function of lymph node dendritic cells (DC) were analyzed at different time points of Rauscher leukemia virus infection in mice (3, 7, 14, and 21 days). Infection of DC was apparent after 3 days and significant infection (1-10% of the DC population) was documented after 7 days. DC from infected mice as early as 3 days postinfection had a reduced ability to stimulate allogeneic normal T cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. T cells did become infected during the coculture but block of cross-infection of T cells by zidovudine did not abolish the inhibitory effect. Other DC-dependent responses were also reduced on infection including DC-stimulated responses to influenza virus. ConA and PMA induced an increase in [Ca2+]i level in DC from control mice. A low baseline level of [Ca2+]i in DC from infected mice and reduced calcium mobilization upon ConA stimulation was found at all periods of infection. Ultraviolet-inactivated Rauscher leukemia virus failed to provoke significant changes in DC function in vivo. Six or 7 days after RLV infection DC expressed lower levels of Iad but not H2Dd molecules in parallel with lower expression of some adhesion molecules (CD18, CD54, CD44). No differences in expression of B7 surface antigen between control and infected mice were obtained. We did not find any evidence for the induction of apoptosis of naive syngeneic or allogeneic T cells by infected dendritic cells. The changes in DC function may have implications for the pathogenesis of retroviral infections including HIV infection.
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PMID:Murine retrovirus induces defects in the function of dendritic cells at early stages of infection. 808 63

The availability of monoclonal-antibody-purified factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates allows us to test the hypothesis, based on in vitro observations, that their use in HIV seropositive haemophiliacs would result in a difference in the rate of deterioration of immune function. We designed a multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled study of symptom-free HIV-infected patients with haemophilia A who were assigned to receive either an intermediate-purity or monoclonal-antibody-purified product. All had CD4 lymphocyte counts of 100-600/microL, were negative for hepatitis B surface antigen, had not received any antiretroviral or immunomodulating drugs before study entry, and had previously received replacement therapy with intermediate purity FVIII concentrates. Use of antiretroviral therapy was permitted. 60 patients were recruited and 30 were assigned to each group. 35 completed the 3 year study, 20 in the monoclonal arm and 15 in the intermediate-purity arm. Among those completing the study, there were no differences between the two groups in the occurrence of AIDS-defining diagnoses (1 in each group). There were, however, striking and significant differences in terms of changes in absolute CD4 counts. The group receiving monoclonal-antibody-purified concentrates had essentially stable counts while a significant drop was observed in the group receiving intermediate-purity FVIII. These differences were independent of the use of antiretroviral therapy. These observations support the use of high-purity concentrates in the treatment of symptom-free HIV-positive patients with haemophilia A, and they should be taken into account along with cost, by doctors making therapeutic decisions.
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PMID:Three-year randomised study of high-purity or intermediate-purity factor VIII concentrates in symptom-free HIV-seropositive haemophiliacs: effects on immune status. 810 16

The degree of coinfections with blood-borne or sexually transmitted pathogens (HIV-1, HTLV-I/II, HBV, HCV, HDV, and Treponema pallidum) were assessed in individuals attending sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic and patients admitted to a hospital through the emergency room in Baltimore. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunoblots, and card tests were used to screen the sera. Nearly one third of the individuals in both populations were infected with one or more pathogens. With some minor exceptions, all individuals with dual or multiple infections had antibodies reactive with the HBV core antigen. There was a strong overall association between the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 and the presence of antibodies to HBV core and HCV in both populations. Additionally, the presence of HIV-1 antibodies was significantly associated with the presence of HTLV-I/II antibodies and HBV surface antigen in the STD population and with a positive RPR test result in the H/ER population. We suggest that HIV-1 and/or HTLV-I/II infected individuals in STD clinic and emergency rooms are highly likely to have had past infections with HBV or HCV.
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PMID:Multiple blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections in sexually transmitted disease clinic and hospital emergency room patient populations. 810 44

To evaluate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 on the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, sera from Central Africans with and without antibodies to HIV were examined for HBV markers of ongoing replication, recovery from infection, and reactivation or reinfection. The prevalence of HBV infection and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was similar for HIV-positive and -negative persons. AIDS patients were more likely to be HBsAg positive and have markers of viral replication. Unlike pre-surface (pre-s) 1 antigen (Ag), which did not differ significantly with respect to HIV infection, pre-s2Ag was more common among HIV-positive persons than among HIV-negative ones and was more common among AIDS patients than among HIV-positive asymptomatic carriers. HIV-positive persons had more markers consistent with HBV reactivation and lower levels of antibody to HBsAg.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus activation among central Africans infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1: pre-s2 antigen is predominantly expressed in HIV infection. 815 39

The incidence of recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is as high as 80% when no attempt at prevention has been considered. HBV reinfection is associated with the reappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in serum and, in most cases, with rapid severe graft damage. Immunoprophylaxis using polyclonal anti-HBs immunoglobulins reduces the risk of recurrence but this long-term therapy remains highly expensive. In this report, we use fresh frozen plasma (FFP) with high titers of anti-HBs immunoglobulins in an attempt to reduce HBV recurrence. From July 1987 to September 1993, 11 patients underwent OLT for HBV-related liver disease (18% of our OLT patients). FFP were administered to 6 patients continually for 7 to 46 months. Only one patient, under long-term immunosuppressive treatment before OLT, was reinfected 7 months after OLT. Rapid development of graft failure was observed with histologic manifestations of a fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, leading to patient death after 12.5 months with concomitant bacterial infection. In this protocol, the rate of reappearance of HBsAg was 17%, a figure which can be favorably compared with other reports. All patients were subsequently tested for HCV and HIV and remained negative. In conclusion, FFP with high titers of anti-HBs immunoglobulins is at least as effective as polyclonal anti-HBs immunoglobulins in reducing the rate of HBV recurrence following OLT. The estimated cost of this new immunoprophylaxis method is less than 10% of the classical prophylaxis based on purified human polyclonal anti-HBs immunoglobulins.
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PMID:[Prevention of viral recurrence following liver transplantation for post-hepatitis B and B-delta cirrhosis]. 819 Dec 67

A group of 90 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in first continuous complete remission (CCR), admitted in our hospital between January 1986 and September 1992, were tested for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), antibodies against hepatitis B virus and antibodies against HIV-1 during maintenance therapy or thereafter. They were compared with a group of 71 children with other malignancies in first CCR who had been diagnosed consecutively from January 1986 to September 1992. No patient with ALL or any other malignancy was found to be positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or HIV-1. HCV-specific antibodies were detected in 28 out of 87 children (32.1%) with ALL and in 4 out of 44 patients (9%) with malignancies other than ALL who had received at least one transfusion of blood or platelets (P < 0.01). HCV-specific antibodies were also detected in one out of three untransfused children with ALL but in none of the untransfused children with malignancies other than ALL. HCV-specific seropositivity influenced the management of children with ALL during maintenance therapy. In fact, as a result of abnormal liver function tests, maintenance therapy had to be suspended significantly more often in the case of HCV-seropositive patients with ALL than in HCV-seronegative ones. Despite the high morbidity during maintenance therapy, chronic liver disease (CLD) was uncommon in both groups: five children with ALL (17.2% of HCV-seropositive children) and one child with a malignancy other than ALL (25%) had CLD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Incidence and morbidity of infection by hepatitis C virus in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 819 62

A twenty nine year old male homosexual presented with malaise, weight loss, fever and profuse sweating. An ill defined abdominal mass was found during physical examination in the right lower quadrant and chest X rays disclosed a pleural effusion. HIV antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen were positive and immunological parameters were altered. Light and electron microscopic examination of operative biopsies of the abdominal mass revealed the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum. Treatment with Amphotericin B was started with a favorable response and the patient was discharged. He was readmitted with a septic shock and died. Necropsy showed pulmonary histoplasmosis. This is the first case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS described in Chile.
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PMID:[Disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 823 68

40 asymptomatic HIV carriers and 45 AIDS patients were tested for anti-HBs (Hepatitis B Virus surface antigen), anti-RV (Rubella virus), anti-Toxo (Toxoplasma gondii), anti-CMV (Cytomegalovirus) and anti-HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1) antibody titers and compared with 83 persons characterized by risk behaviours but seronegative for HIV. The prevalence of these antibodies was very high and similar in all three groups studied, however, patients with AIDS had generally lower antibody titers when compared with asymptomatic carriers. The only exception being anti-HSV-1 which was present in high titre even in gravely ill patients. It seems that subjects with clinically overt HIV infection develop a serious disturbance in the humoral immune response with depressed specific antibody synthesis.
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PMID:[Evaluation of humoral immune response in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection. Analysis of titers of anti-Hbs, antibodies against cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type I, rubella virus and toxoplasma gondii]. 824 44

We have developed an ELISA to detect IgM antibodies to a major human Pneumocystis carinii surface antigen (gp95), and investigated the IgM response in 128 HIV-infected patients who underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of pulmonary symptoms. Only 5 (4%) patients had IgM antibodies to P. carinii gp95. Four of the 5 patients with IgM antibodies also had IgG antibodies to gp95 and microbiologically proven P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). In 76/128 patients for whom serial samples were available, changes in antibody response were determined. In 3 patients we demonstrated an increase in IgM antibody response to gp95. These patients also showed an increase in IgG antibodies to gp95 and had microbiologically proven PCP. Prior to the development of the IgM response, IgG antibodies to gp95 were detectable in all 3 patients. Thus, HIV-infected patients with PCP seldom produce IgM antibodies to the major human P. carinii surface antigen. The increase in IgM response during the course of PCP observed in 3 patients suggests either reinfection with a new strain, or antigenic drift of an already acquired strain of P. carinii.
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PMID:IgM response to a human Pneumocystis carinii surface antigen in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. 824 53

In this pilot study of the effects of interferon alfa in 10 anti-HIV positive, chronic hepatitis B patients treated with zidovudine (AZT), tolerance to interferon was good and similar to that in anti-HIV negative patients. After treatment, the HIV stage and CD4 lymphocyte count were unchanged. In two patients hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) disappeared and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) returned to normal; loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with absence of histopathological activity was observed after treatment in one of these patients. These preliminary results need to be confirmed by a larger study.
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PMID:Recombinant alpha interferon for chronic hepatitis B in anti-HIV positive patients receiving zidovudine. 831 71


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