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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess the acceptability of voluntary population screening for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a random sample of 300 Danish men, aged 20-49 years, were sent a self-administered questionnaire. Among nonrespondents, recruitment attempts were repeated three times with intervals of 8-10 days. In total, 76.7% responded. Two hundred men (87.0% of the respondents) would accept an offer to be tested in an anti-HIV screening programme. Among respondents, 72.9% agreed to identify themselves to the researchers, 22.1% preferred to be tested under a code number known only by the participant himself, and 5% wanted the test information to be completely anonymous. Among the 30 men refusing HIV testing, 40% reported they were not concerned about AIDS, 16.7% expressed concern with confidentiality problems, and another 16.7% had been tested already and for this reason declined to participate. Previous reports have indicated high seroprevalences among nonrespondents and raised prevalences of behavior at high risk for HIV infection among persons who do themselves take the initiative to be tested or who decline to be tested because they worry about confidentiality. Low respondency and the associated disproportional loss of subjects at high risk of HIV infection may bias HIV seroprevalence estimates based on population probability sampling, especially in areas with low HIV infection prevalence. Because of these biases, voluntary population screening is likely to give only lower bound estimates of HIV seroprevalence. So, this technique should only be used in combination with other surveillance approaches.
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PMID:Acceptability of voluntary population screening for antibodies against HIV. Aarhus Research Group on AIDS. 235 26

A self-administered anonymous questionnaire on knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was administered to 2,614 Leaving Certificate students in 50 Galway second-level schools. Levels of knowledge regarding routes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and non-transmission were assessed together with student opinion on related lifestyle issues and awareness of local services. Although 91% had heard of HIV infection only 61% knew that there is a difference between this and AIDS. Over 95% of respondants were aware of the epidemiologically proven means of transmission and between 73% and 98% understood that no transmission risk existed in a range of ordinary social contact situations. Fifty-one per cent of students believed in a HIV transmission risk from receiving blood transfusions in Ireland and 24% doubted the safety of blood donation. Seventy-four per cent of students indicated the media as their main information source on AIDS. Preference for further AIDS information were Health Education sources (30%) and teachers (20%). Only 22% and 23% of respondants respectively were aware of the local Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic and AIDS telephone information service. These data indicate areas in which information on AIDS should be improved by education in the school setting.
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PMID:Knowledge about AIDS among Leaving Certificate students. 236 31

The objective of the study was to measure the level of HIV/AIDS related anxiety among health care workers and identify its determinants. Data were obtained by means of a mailed, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire distributed to 2561 Danish medical doctors, nurses and nursing aides drawn randomly from the lists of members of the respective national associations. The data were analysed on the basis of a pre-study model including 12 variables hypothesizing a hierarchy of causal dependencies with anxiety at the top. 44% of the participants expressed HIV/AIDS related anxiety--hospital workers more than primary care workers, the older less than the younger. Anxiety was significantly associated with negative/restrictive attitudes towards HIV positives and gay men and with low levels of knowledge about HIV transmission and less education about HIV/AIDS. Negative/restrictive attitudes towards HIV positives were associated both with less knowledge regarding HIV transmission and fewer contacts with HIV positives. Similar associations were found regarding gay men. It is suggested that new kinds of training programmes be established which focus much more on attitudes and norms concerning HIV/AIDS--especially among health care workers with only occasional contact with HIV patients.
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PMID:Health workers and AIDS: knowledge, attitudes and experiences as determinants of anxiety. 177 62

Decreases in high-risk behavior have been observed when people have sought anonymous or confidential HIV-antibody testing accompanied by counseling. HIV-antibody testing also benefits those who are tested, since people who find that they are seropositive can receive closer medical follow-up, and, in certain cases, medical treatment. However, debates continue about appropriate testing policy. This study concerns the conditions under which people who are currently seeking anonymous testing at an alternative test site would be willing to obtain testing. On self-administered questionnaires all sexual orientation/gender groups expressed reluctance to obtain testing if anonymity were not assured. Bisexual men were especially concerned about seeking testing if there was mandatory reporting. Believing that one was infected with HIV was slightly associated with a decreased inclination to obtain testing under non-anonymous circumstances.
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PMID:Many people who seek anonymous HIV-antibody testing would avoid it under other circumstances. 238 21

We examined variables that were correlated with the AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among employees of a 455-bed acute-care Minnesota teaching hospital and its associated clinics, located in a low-prevalence area for HIV infection. In August 1987, an anonymous questionnaire was sent via interdepartmental mail to all employees (2,980), including 270 physicians. The four-page survey obtained demographic information and measured 14 variables, including degree of homosexual bias, degree of homophobia, and AIDS-related knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, and anxiety level. Responses were obtained from 2,351 (79%) of the employees. By multivariate analysis, the following variables were highly correlated with positive behaviors and attitudes toward AIDS patients (p less than .0001): lower homophobia scores, higher AIDS knowledge scores, expressed confidence in AIDS-related medical information, and a greater number of previous contacts with AIDS patients. Those with a family member or close friend with AIDS also showed more positive attitudes and behaviors (p less than .02). Level of education was correlated with knowledge about AIDS (p less than .0001) but was not correlated (p greater than .05) with more positive behaviors or attitudes inrelation to AIDS patients. Educational efforts should attempt to improve hospital employees' knowledge about AIDS and their confidence in AIDS-related medical information. Efforts to address homophobia should also be considered.
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PMID:A cross-sectional analysis of variables impacting on AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among employees of a Minnesota teaching hospital. 238 52

To determine the acceptability of South Carolina's policy of notifying the sex and needle-sharing partners of persons infected with HIV, the authors administered an anonymous questionnaire to 132 partners who had been notified by the state health department. Most respondents (87%) thought that the health department had done the right thing in telling them that they had been exposed to HIV. Ninety-two percent thought the health department should continue its notification policy. Only 9% of those surveyed suspected that they had been exposed to HIV before health department notification. Answers to the questionnaire were similar among respondents regardless of race, sex, sexual orientation, or drug use.
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PMID:Partner acceptance of health department notification of HIV exposure, South Carolina. 238 81

Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were included in the nationwide gay magazines "Pan" and "Cock" with the object of revealing the needs and possibilities of improved health educational effort in prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection among homosexual and bisexual men. This was undertaken in March 1988 to illustrate the utilization and satisfaction of various sources of safe sex. The investigation reveals that campaigns about safe sex have been of great interest among the section of the target group which an investigation of this type could attract. In particular, the general efforts made by the Danish Health Board have attracted attention in a very broad section of men with homosexual contacts. Among those who employ the offers specifically made for the target gay group, considerable satisfaction is expressed. Compared with this, the employment of and satisfaction with medical help are considerably less. The significance of connections with a series of sociodemographic and subcultural subgroups are illustrated. Only where the gay-specific information is concerned was a significant association observed between receipt of information and the replier's reproduction of the given information about the risks involved in use of condoms. As regards the significance of single sources for sexual behaviour, a non-significant tendency was observed for persons who had received gay-specific written information to have a lower sex risk than those who had not received this information. It is recommended that the campaign hitherto initiated should be continued with intensification of AIDS prevention among the hidden homosexual men and men with sexual contacts with both sexes.
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PMID:[Information about safe sex for homosexual men--a consumer assessment of the efforts hitherto made in Denmark]. 240 16

One hundred and fifty-five women attending antenatal clinics in an inner city area where the rate of AIDS reporting is high were interviewed to examine the acceptability of different modes and purposes of antenatal HIV testing. Eighty-two per cent of women felt the test should be available in antenatal clinics, but only 48% reported that they themselves would take the test. Seventy-four per cent would accept anonymous testing. Potential anxiety levels surrounding the HIV test were significantly higher than for other (currently routine) tests in antenatal clinics. The implications of these findings for policy are discussed.
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PMID:HIV testing in antenatal clinics: the impact on women. 248 83

Medical students attitudes and resulting behaviors about treating HIV-infected patients are critical and will become increasingly so in the years ahead. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire of 135 first year medical students at Boston University School of Medicine conducted in May 1988 queried students' knowledge of HIV transmission; concerns about contracting HIV; ethical and legal responsibilities; attitudes about testing for HIV and treatment of HIV-infected patients; the effect the epidemic poses for their medical careers; changes in personal sexual and drug use practices. Results indicate that students' careers are being affected because they are worried about contracting HIV, that the epidemic will affect their final choice of specialty, and that they believe they should be allowed to refuse to treat AIDS patients during their medical school training. The findings raise serious questions concerning why medical students hold these beliefs and suggest that students' willingness to care for AIDS patients may be a function of their level of knowledge and understanding of HIV infection and the disease AIDS. The results have implications for curriculum reform to address the AIDS crisis.
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PMID:First year medical students' attitudes and knowledge about AIDS. 248 74

The import of the HIV or AIDS epidemic for heterosexuals in Britain is difficult to evaluate at this stage. By June 1988, only 60 cases of heterosexually acquired AIDS are known, out of 1598 reported AIDS cases. Of these, only 6 women and 4 men presumably were infected in Britain, the rest abroad. But, judging from HIV seroprevalence surveys, heterosexually acquired HIV is emerging in Britain. 0.8% of heterosexual men and 0.7% of heterosexual women surveyed in London, among clients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic were positive, under anonymous testing. Actual seroprevalence rates are difficult to come by, since different rates are obtained when people are tested anonymously or with consent. The actual likelihood predicted for an epidemic of heterosexual AIDS in England is problematic. The epidemiological prediction, known as the basic reproductive rate, depends on the duration of infectiousness, the average probability that infection will be transmitted, and the rate of exposure to new partners. For AIDS, infectivity is higher in the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases and immune system activation. Experts calculate that the reproductive rate for HIV in the British population is close to 1.0, meaning a very slow spread, if any. Thus, very sophisticated epidemiological studies must be done to monitor the situation, and the public must continue to be educated about risky behavior.
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PMID:Heterosexually acquired HIV infection. 249 83


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