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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six new cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), primarily located in the oral cavity, in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are presented. They all had a voluminous fungous tumoral mass, that extended from the gingiva to the buccal vestibule or palate. All were intravenous drug abusers. The diagnosis of AIDS was known in one patient, 2 patients presented with AIDS-related complex symptomatology, and in 3 cases NHL was the first manifestation of the HIV infection. All presented advanced stages (IV). Histologically, all were considered high grade NHL. It is recommended to determine the HIV status in all young patients affected with oral NHL. All intraoral lesions in AIDS patients or in patients that belong to a risk group should have a biopsy to rule out NHL or any other manifestations of AIDS.
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PMID:AIDS-related lymphoma of the oral cavity. 201 78

The pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected individuals is currently poorly understood; however, recent molecular studies have subdivided these lymphomas into distinct molecular pathologic entities. Similar to endemic and sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, monoclonal B-lymphoma subsets were found to be infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or have c-myc gene rearrangements, suggesting a role for EBV infection or chromosomal translocation in a subset of AIDS NHLs. Similar to lymphomas that occur in immunosuppressed transplant patients, EBV-positive polyclonal lymphomas also have been described. Unique to HIV-infected patients, however, is the subset of polyclonal B-cell lymphoma with no evidence for EBV infection. Based on these molecular studies, it is apparent that the AIDS NHLs represent a heterogeneous set of diseases with a number of pathogenic processes involved in lymphomagenesis.
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PMID:Molecular pathogenesis of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 202 96

Although primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma was considered part of the spectrum of AIDS from the outset, systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is considered a rather late manifestation of HIV infection. Any group at risk for AIDS may develop HIV-related lymphoma, and the characteristics of disease in all groups appear identical. The majority of these lymphomas are of the high-grade, B-cell types, including B-immunoblastic lymphoma and small noncleaved, Burkitt or non-Burkitt. Advanced, extranodal disease is seen at diagnosis in the majority of patients, who often present with widespread disease involving multiple organs. Central nervous system disease may be seen in the absence of systemic lymphoma ("primary CNS lymphoma") and carries a particularly poor prognosis. Leptomeningeal involvement is the most common central nervous system manifestation of systemic HIV-related lymphoma, and its presence does not imply a worse prognosis. Although very intensive regimens of multiagent chemotherapy have been employed in patients with HIV-related lymphoma, several studies indicate that these patients may not be able to tolerate such dose intensity. Newer regimens, employing lower dose-intensive regimens with early CNS prophylaxis, may be effective in inducing remissions in approximately half of treated individuals, who may attain long-term, lymphoma-free survival.
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of AIDS-related lymphoma. 202 97

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presents a global problem of XX century medicine. The speed with which this pathology spreads is great and the number of AIDS patients is increasing in geometric progression. At present AIDS is a real threat to the health and life of millions of people. It is very difficult to clinically diagnose AIDS because it manifests in the form of various tumors and opportunistic infections, with lesions localized on the skin and mucosa or in the viscera (lungs, brain, esophagus, gastro-intestinal tract). The most typical AIDS manifestations are: preumocystosis, oropharyngeal and esophagal candidosis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Kaposi's sarcoma, "hairy" leukoplakia, extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, etc. In the case of HIV infection and AIDS many lesions are located in ENT. This means that ENT doctors are to be well aware of their clinical manifestations to be able to detect this pathology.
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PMID:[AIDS in otorhinolaryngological practice]. 204 53

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (CNSL) are uncommon neoplasms accounting for about 1% of primary brain tumors. Patients with congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies including AIDS patients and transplant recipients represent the main high-risk population for CNSL occurrence. An important point emerging from the literature is that CNSL incidence has dramatically increased during the last years not only in HIV infected patients by virtue of the AIDS epidemic spread, but also for unclear reasons in immunologically normal persons. Although c-myc oncogene activation and Epstein-Barr virus infection are considered to play a role in CNSL development, the peculiar tendency of these lymphomas to occur and remain inside the CNS is not well understood and may involve putative CNS binding molecules carried by lymphocytes. The clinical presentation is characterized by a great variety of neurological disorders. Radiological features consist of hyperdense homogeneous deposits within the subcortical white matter with a pattern of marked enhancement after injection of contrast material. The tumor masses are usually ill-defined and multicentric. Although all cytological types can be observed, the most common types belong to the high-grade category of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections can be used in conjunction with stereotactic needle biopsy to provide accurate immunological characterization of CNSL. The large majority of CNSL is of B-cell origin but T-cell lymphomas seem at the present time less exceptional than previously thought. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy can increase length of survival, the prognosis of CNS remains dramatically poor, the shortest survival being observed in AIDS patients.
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PMID:What's new in primary central nervous system lymphomas? 208 42

Antibodies to human immune deficiency (HIV) virus were studied in 2000 individuals including cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), leprosy, chronic renal failure on haemodialysis and patients attending STD clinics. A group of blood donors was also screened, ELISA kits provided by Wellcome Diagnostics were used. Results indicate that the ELISA values were far above the cut off figure in all except in a couple where the husband who had stayed in Uganda for several years, and had features of full blown AIDS died 4 months after the diagnosis. The spouse contacted AIDS within a relatively short incubation period and died within 6 months of diagnosis. The North Indian population thus appears to be free of this virus so far. This observation will be an important lead mark in the future epidemiology of HIV infection in India.
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PMID:HIV-I antibodies in health and disease. 209

We describe the clinical and histologic features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 26 patients with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) infection. These represent 10 per cent of AIDS cases recorded in the Bordeaux area. Mean age was 42. Contamination was mostly related to homosexuality (50 per cent) and blood transfusion (27 per cent) with 5 female cases. The initial presentation of lymphoma was extranodal (69 per cent). Lymphoma spread was diffuse (65 per cent), involving the bone marrow (38 per cent), lymph nodes (35 per cent), central nervous system (27 per cent), oral and digestive mucosae (23 per cent), liver (19 per cent) and genital tract (12 per cent). Histologic types were of intermediate or high grade malignancy (88 per cent) with 38 per cent large, non cleaved-cell (centroblastic) subtype. Median survival was 4 months. Lymphoma caused death in 65 per cent of patients and opportunistic infection in 18 per cent. Lymphoma was the first manifestation of HIV infection in 10 patients (38 per cent) and was responsible for AIDS in 14 (54 per cent). Diagnosis of lymphoma could be established at an early stage on extranodal biopsy. In these patients a prolonged disease-free survival was obtained after chemotherapy alone or associated with radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Bordeaux experience with 26 cases]. 213 32

Like other immunodeficient populations, HIV-infected individuals are at risk for developing high grade B-cell malignancies. The aetiology of these lymphomas remains unknown. While the tumours share many of the features of B-cell lymphomas seen in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, unlike transplant recipients, Epstein-Barr virus genomic sequences are identified in only a small minority of peripheral lymphomas from HIV-infected individuals. The majority of lymphomas are classified as diffuse, large-cell tumours of either the intermediate grade type or the high grade immunoblastic type. However, approximately one-third of patients present with high grade, small, non-cleaved cell lymphomas. Patients typically present with widespread extranodal disease, often at unusual sites. Lymphoma confined to the central nervous system has been observed in approximately 25% of HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The therapeutic outcome and survival in these patients has been disappointing. Complete response is achieved less frequently, relapse rates are higher and survival generally shorter than those observed in non-HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Prognosis is better for those patients without a prior AIDS diagnosis, who have higher total CD4 cell counts, good performance score, absence of an extranodal site of disease, and treatment with more moderate doses of chemotherapy. Hodgkin's disease, while not causally linked to the presence of immunodeficiency, appears to have a more aggressive natural history in the patient with HIV infection. Advanced disease at presentation is the rule, and the response to therapy has been poor with associated short survivals. Poor bone marrow reserve and the occurrence of intercurrent opportunistic infections has made it difficult to administer many of the standard chemotherapeutic regimens now used for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:AIDS-associated lymphoma. 218 38

The immunodeficient state that evolves in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to increase their risk of certain types of cancer. Among these are primary lymphoma of the central nervous system, undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, anorectal carcinoma, and cutaneous malignancies. These malignancies are similar in incidence to those seen in other immunodeficient patients. Lymphoma, in particular, is associated with a more aggressive disease state. In HIV-infected patients, the disease is usually diagnosed at a more advanced stage, frequently has extranodal involvement, and usually responds poorly to chemotherapy. Viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus and papillomavirus, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoma and other malignancies in immunosuppressed patients, including those with HIV infection.
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PMID:Lymphoma and other HIV-associated malignancies. 219 54

The Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-related tumors has collected 435 cases of HIV-associated tumors since December 1986. The following conclusions can be drawn from this IVDA-based series: (1) at least 15% of AIDS cases are associated with tumors; (2) the number of malignant lymphomas (high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], Hodgkin's disease [HD] is comparable to that of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (188 vs. 198); (3) KS among AIDS patients is less common than in countries where homosexual men are the main group affected by AIDS. However, KS also affects intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) almost exclusively males, with characteristics similar to those observed among homosexual men; (4) HD is associated with an aggressive course; (5) anal and oral primary tumors as well as oral and anal involvement of NHL are very rare; (6) testicular cancers occur in patients mainly with early HIV infection, without adversely affecting the dosage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy; (7) cervical cancer successfully treated with conization suggests that PAP test screening in young IVDA women is warranted; (8) lung cancer occurs in a young age group with rapid progression and death.
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PMID:Characterization of AIDS-associated tumors in Italy: report of 435 cases of an IVDA-based series. 220 42


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