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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By the end of September 1991, more than 60,000 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by 31 countries in the WHO European region. Most of the cases (58,280/60,485-96%) were recorded in western Europe, chiefly in five countries: France (16,552 cases), Italy (10,584), Spain (10,101), Germany (6,968) and the United Kingdom (5,065). From the first reports in 1981 of European cases of AIDS until 1987, AIDS spread faster in the northern and central areas than elsewhere in the European region. Since then, the spread of the epidemic has been remarkably more rapid in southern Europe, while in eastern Europe AIDS is still in an early phase. More than 70% of the cases among homosexual or bisexual men were from the northern part of Europe, while the cases among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) were concentrated in the southern European countries, principally Italy and Spain. Over time, an increasing proportion of cases was recorded among IVDUs and in heterosexuals. More than 10,000 patients in Europe were diagnosed as having Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (14% of all AIDS cases) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (3%) as the presenting clinical manifestation of AIDS. The possibility of predicting the evolution of the epidemic in Europe depends heavily on the development of unbiased monitoring systems for HIV infection in the general population (i.e. anonymous unlinked testing).
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PMID:The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated tumours in Europe. 145 40

Approximately 3% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases present with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. By 6 to 8 years after human immunodeficiency virus infection, lymphoma risk is elevated 100-fold, and the risk approaches 1% per year following acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis. The proportions presenting as lymphoma differ by age, sex, and race, with relative rates being higher in older persons, males, and whites. The differences are similar in magnitude and direction to those seen in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons and account for the variation by risk group. The relative risk of high-grade lymphoma is greatest, but significant increases are also seen for some intermediate-grade tumors. At diagnosis, persons with Burkitt's lymphoma, more common in children, have significantly higher average CD4 counts than those with immunoblastic tumors. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lymphoma risk is probably related to dysregulation of the immune system leading to uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cell clones and subsequent genetic accidents. Environmental factors are unlikely to be important. By 1994, 10% of all lymphomas will be human immunodeficiency virus related, but this proportion will increase in the future. New approaches to the therapy of lymphoma are needed for this tumor, which we can neither prevent nor adequately treat.
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PMID:The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas. 145 3

As patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection live longer because of better antiretroviral therapy and infection prophylaxis, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has increased. The risk increases inversely with CD4 count--the most widely used surrogate marker for progressive immune suppression. Zidovudine itself does not appear to be a risk factor. Patients frequently present with extranodal advanced disease. The central nervous system is the primary site in 10% to 20% of cases. Important prognostic factors are performance status, a prior history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and bone marrow involvement. Therapy is complicated by underlying immunosuppression, opportunistic infection, and poor bone marrow reserve. Progress has been made using colony-stimulating factors and less intensive chemotherapy regimens in systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma with radiation therapy has not improved survival.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoma. 145 4

The association of malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, with human immunodeficiency virus infection has been recognized since the beginning of the epidemic. However, an increasing number of tumors not diagnostic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described in this setting. Taking into consideration that survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection is increasing because of improvement of supportive care and better control of human immunodeficiency virus and related opportunistic infections, oncogenic viruses such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, in a setting of prolonged immunosuppression could increase the risk of a variety of malignant tumors.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus as a risk factor in miscellaneous cancers. 145 6

A 3-year-old boy with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) developed stage IV Burkitt's lymphoma. Complete remission was achieved with the BFM-86 protocol. One month after finishing treatment, and still in complete remission, fever appeared and seropositivity to HIV was found. The child was diagnosed of AIDS (P2-E1) and died 10 days later. Although the association of HIV infection and Burkitt's lymphoma is well known in adults, it is extremely rare in children. The routine HIV screening is suggested for children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in children]. 151 44

In 4.4% of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma the presenting lesion is seen in the mouth. Often the lesion may clinically resemble a less sinister process, and a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma may be delayed. We describe three unusual cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, appearing intraorally in association with other oral lesions, in HIV-positive homosexual men. The three patients reported here were all diagnosed as having diffuse, large-cell malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We performed Epstein-Barr virus DNA in-situ hybridization on our cases and Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences were not seen. We review the pertinent literature and stress the importance of including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in patients at risk of HIV infection.
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PMID:Unusual oral presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in association with HIV infection. 151 49

In this study the authors describe a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma histologically typed "large non-cleaved cell immunophenotype B cell", placed primitively into the liver. It affected a woman twenty seven years old, who contracted HIV infection due to heterosexual intercourse with at risk partner. At the time of diagnosis the woman was already considered AIDS patient on account of a previous Pneumocystis carinii pneumoniae and severe immunodeficiency (DC4 = 13 cells/mm3). The patient received cycles of chemotherapy (adriamycin 40 mg/iv, teniposide 50 mg/iv, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/iv, vincristine 2 mg/iv, bleomycin 15 mg/iv, betamethasone 4 mg/iv). At the 15th day of therapeutic cycle vincristine 2 mg/iv, bleomycin 15 mg/iv and betamethasone 4 mg/iv were given. After one cycle of therapy, hepatic echography showed signs that the lymphoma was reduced significantly. The authors stress the uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphoma localization, which is frequently underestimated in HIV-patients.
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PMID:[Primary hepatic lymphoma in subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 152 46

In a prospective study, we analysed the anorectal lesions observed in 148 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and compared the data with those reported in the literature. The majority of the patients (97.3%) were homosexual or bisexual men. The mean age of the population was 34.2 years. A history of previous sexually transmitted diseases was found in 79.7% of the male patients. The stage of HIV-related disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control classification, could be determined in 141 patients: 54.6% were stage II, 3.5% stage III and 41.8% stage IV. Anal condylomata were the most frequent manifestation, affecting 29.7% of the patients, 7.1% of whom showed moderate to severe dysplasia. The types were mainly 6, 11, 16 and 18, but types 31, 35 and 39 were also observed. Ulcerations were the most frequent non-condylomatous lesions, occurring in 41 patients; most (60%) were due to herpes viruses, and a large minority (21%) to cytomegalovirus. The etiology could not be determined in five cases. Anal sepsis was present in 11.4%, haemorrhoidal disease in 16.8% and fissures in 6%. Six patients developed Kaposi's sarcoma and seven, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No anal cancers were observed. Finally, wound healing was slowed in the patients operated on for haemorrhoids, fissures and suppuration. No statistical analysis could be performed because of the small number of patients.
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PMID:Anorectal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. 158 21

Hematologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection include cytopenias, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and myelodysplasia. Acute lymphocytic leukemia has rarely been reported in association with HIV infection. We describe a patient who presented with Burkitt cell leukemia and myelodysplasia as her initial manifestation of HIV infection. The dysplastic features included circulating asymmetric binucleated red blood cells as well as pseudo Pelger-Huet cells. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported.
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PMID:Burkitt cell leukemia with myelodysplasia as a presentation of HIV infection. 160 45

The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased by over 50% in the United States since 1973. There is epidemiologic evidence that some of this increase is the result of AIDS-related lymphoma and that this component is increasing. Prolonged survival in the setting of a variety of immunodeficiency states is associated with an increased incidence of NHL. The development of antiretroviral therapy and improved therapy for the complications of AIDS has resulted in prolonged survival of patients with AIDS. As these patients survive longer with profound immunodeficiency, they have an increased cumulative risk of developing NHL. This may result in even more AIDS-related NHL in the future than predicted from current epidemiological studies. An increased understanding of the pathogenesis of AIDS-related NHL may lead to means of preventing their occurrence. Also, therapies that may prevent immunodeficiency from developing in HIV-infected patients may reduce the likelihood of NHL developing. Current efforts at treating these lymphomas are aimed at preventing the myelosuppression and immunosuppression associated with current regimens, lymphoma relapses within the central nervous system, and the opportunistic infections associated with treatment of these tumors. Ultimately, the best means of preventing the development of these lymphomas is by preventing infection with HIV.
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PMID:The occurrence of opportunistic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the setting of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. 164 22


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