Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of chimeric clones between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) were constructed. Viability of the recombinant viruses was dependent on the position of recombination. Infectious chimeric viruses between HIV-1 and SIVAGM (isolated from an African green monkey) and those between HIV-1 and SIVMAC (isolated from a rhesus monkey) were examined for host cell tropism. Viral determinants that restrict the replication of SIVAGM in human MT-4 cells and that of HIV-1 in macaque monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) mapped to the 5' half of the virus genome. One HIV-1/SIVMAC chimera which contained the HIV-1 env gene was shown to replicate in macaque PBMC in vitro and to infect macaque monkeys in vivo. This HIV-1/SIVMAC chimera will be useful for a variety of AIDS pathogenesis and vaccine studies.
 ...
PMID:SIV/HIV recombinants and their use in studying biological properties. 157 Nov 99

The nucleoside analogue azidothymidine (AZT) and the methyl ester of amphotericin B (AME) were assayed for antiviral effect on HIV infection singly and in combination. Both compounds were effective in inhibiting HIV infection of MT-4 cells. At concentrations where either compound alone had no significant effect on infection, the compounds in combination were potent inhibitors of HIV as evaluated by reduction in HIV antigen production and HIV induced cytopathic effect. These results indicate that a combination therapy employing compounds with different modes of action like AZT and AME may have synergistic antiviral properties. Amphotericin B itself significantly reduced HIV infectivity in vitro and should not be used as an antifungal agent in cultures intended to propagate HIV.
 ...
PMID:Synergistic antiviral effect in vitro of azidothymidine and amphotericin B methyl ester in combination on HIV infection. 158 23

Several aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) monomers, monomer analogs, and polymer fractions have been tested as inhibitors of HIV-1 integration protein (IN). Both of the ATA monomers and all of the ATA polymer fractions inhibited a selective DNA cleavage reaction catalyzed by IN. The ATA monomer analogs were inactive or had low activity. The activities of the substances as inhibitors of HIV IN correlated in a positive way with their activities as inhibitors of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 in CEM and HIV-2 in MT4 cells. These results suggest that inhibition of HIV IN may contribute to the antiviral activity of the ATA monomers and monomer analogs in cell culture.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of HIV-1 integration protein by aurintricarboxylic acid monomers, monomer analogs, and polymer fractions. 159 91

Five in-frame stop mutations in the HIV-1 env gene, which lead to the production of env gene products truncated within the cytoplasmic C-terminal tail, have been generated and their effects on membrane fusion capacity, glycoprotein incorporation into virus particles, infectivity, and cytopathogenicity were analyzed. The resulting truncated glycoproteins were processed normally, were transported to the cell surface, and were able to induce CD4-dependent membrane fusion. The membrane fusion capacity of one of the mutant glycoproteins with a truncation of 144 amino acids was increased to about double of that induced by wild-type glycoprotein. With a single exception, the truncated viral glycoproteins were incorporated into virus particles which were infectious and cytopathic for permissive MT-4 cells. The infection kinetics with the mutated viruses were, however, delayed to varying degrees in comparison to infection with wild-type virus. Nevertheless, in each case, PCR amplification and direct sequencing of viral DNA in the infected cultures confirmed the presence of the mutant and the absence of revertant DNA. The mutant virus encoding a viral glycoprotein with the longest truncation (144 amino acids), in which only 7 cytoplasmic C-terminal amino acids in gp41 remain, resulted in infection kinetics in MT-4 cells which were only marginally delayed in comparison to those induced by wild-type virus. This means that these C-terminal 144 amino acids of gp41 are not necessary for glycoprotein incorporation into virus particles nor do they significantly contribute to the infectivity nor the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 in MT-4 cells.
 ...
PMID:Retained in vitro infectivity and cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 despite truncation of the C-terminal tail of the env gene product. 160 8

A series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing a novel hydroxyethyl secondary amine transition state isostere has been synthesized. The compounds exhibit a strong preference for the (R) stereochemistry at the transition state hydroxyl group. Molecular modeling studies with the prototype compound 11 have provided important insights into the structural requirements for good inhibitor-active site binding interaction. N-Terminal extension of 11 into the P2-P3 region led to the discovery of 19, the most potent enzyme inhibitor in the series (IC50 = 5.4 nM). 19 was shown to have potent antiviral activity in cultured MT-4 human T-lymphoid cells. Comparison of analogs of 19 with analogs of 1 (Ro31-8959) demonstrates that considerably different structure-activity relationships exist between these two subclasses of hydroxyethylamine HIV-protease inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:A series of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing a hydroxyethyl secondary amine transition state isostere: synthesis, enzyme inhibition, and antiviral activity. 163 54

The alpha-(1-3)-D-mannose- and alpha-(1-6)-D-mannose-specific agglutinins (lectins) from Galanthus nivalis, Hippeastrum hybrid, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, and Listera ovata inhibited infection of MT-4 cells by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus at concentrations comparable to the concentrations at which dextran sulfate (molecular weight, 5,000 [DS-5000]) inhibits these viruses (50% effective concentration, 0.2 to 0.6 microgram/ml). Unlike DS-5000, however, the plant lectins did not inhibit the replication of other enveloped viruses, except for human cytomegalovirus (50% effective concentration, 0.9 to 1.6 microgram/ml). The plant lectins suppressed syncytium formation between persistently HIV-1- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells and uninfected MOLT-4 (clone 8) cells at concentrations that were 5- to 10-fold lower than that required for DS-5000. Unlike DS-5000, however, the plant lectins did not inhibit HIV-1 binding to CD4+ cells. Combination of the plant lectins with DS-5000 led to a potent synergistic inhibition of HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells and syncytium formation between HIV-infected HUT-78 cells and MOLT-4 cells. Our data suggest that alpha-(1-3)-D- and alpha-(1-6)-D-mannose-specific plant lectins interfere with an event in the HIV replicative cycle that is subsequent to the attachment of the virions to the cells (i.e., the fusion process).
 ...
PMID:Alpha-(1-3)- and alpha-(1-6)-D-mannose-specific plant lectins are markedly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infections in vitro. 164 7

Chemically modified compounds of glycyrrhizin have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Among them, the 11-deoxo compound having a heteroannular diene structure at the C and D rings proved as active against HIV-1 as glycyrrhizin in MT-4 and MOLT-4 cells. It completely inhibited HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity in both cell lines at a concentration of 0.16 mM. The compound was also effective against HSV-1 with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.5 mM [corrected].
 ...
PMID:Antiviral activities of glycyrrhizin and its modified compounds against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. 164 87

Five lectins with specificity for N- and O-linked oligosaccharides were examined for inhibition of HIV-1 and HSV-1 infectivity in vitro. HIV-1 isolate HTLVIIIB was preincubated with lectin and subsequently inoculated onto MT-4 cells. Lectins specific for N-linked oligosaccharides blocked HIV infection in nanomolar-micromolar concentrations, but no anti-HIV effect was found with the lectin HPA, mainly reacting with O-linked oligosaccharides. HSV-1 infectivity was measured in a plaque reduction assay using Vero cells, and while both N- and O-linked oligosaccharide -specific lectins inhibited HSV-1 infection, the most potent inhibition was found with the lectin HPA. These results indicate that lectins may have a broad antiviral effect on enveloped viruses only limited by types of oligosaccharides present on individual viruses.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infectivity with a broad range of lectins. 165 37

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the alpha- and beta-chain of lymphocyte-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) were examined for inhibition of HIV-1 infection in vitro. Infection of the T cell line MT4 and the monocytic cell line U937 by isolates HTLVIIIB and SSI-002, respectively was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by MAb against the beta-chain but not against the alpha-chain. No cross-reactivity was found between MAb against LFA-1 and against the CD4 receptor (MAb Leu3a). MAbs against the beta-chain and the CD4 receptor were found to act synergistically in inhibiting HIV infection. These data indicate that the beta-chain of LFA-1 in addition to the CD4 receptor may be involved in HIV infection in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in HIV infection: inhibition by monoclonal antibody. 167 71

Polyhydroxycarboxylates (MW: 3,800-14,000) derived from phenolic (PDP) compounds have been found to inhibit the cytopathicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells at concentrations that are not toxic to the host cells. The PDP compounds also inhibited syncytium formation in cocultures of MOLT-4 cells with HIV-1- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells. They also interfered with the binding of OKT4A/leu3a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the CD4 receptor, the binding of anti-gp120 mAb to HIV-1 gp120, and attachment of HIV-1 virions to MT-4 cells. The anti-HIV activity in this series of compounds can be ascribed to inhibition of the gp120-CD4 interaction and seems to depend on the presence of the anionic carboxylate groups. Their mechanism of action is similar to that of the heterogeneous polymer aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA).
 ...
PMID:Selective inhibitory activity of polyhydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds against human immunodeficiency virus replication. 167 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>