Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies were determined against five synthetic peptides (epitopes) of HIV-1 p17 in the sera of an immunologically and clinically well-characterized cohort (N = 292) of HIV-1 seronegative and HIV-1 seropositive high-risk homosexual men, HIV-1 seropositive i.v. drug abusers (IVDA), and AIDS patients. The synthetic peptides, representing the entire HIV-1 p17 protein sequence were: HGP-33 (aa 1-33), HGP-19 (aa 34-52), HGP-35 (aa 51-85), HGP-30 (aa 85-114), and HGP-17 ala (aa 114-131). The presence of one or more peptide-specific antibodies in the sera of all of the HIV-1 p17-positive subjects indicated that all five peptides contain B-cell epitopes. No antibodies were found in the sera of heterosexual controls, HIV-1 seronegative high-risk men, or asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive but p17 antibody-negative study subjects. Significant differences in antibody recognition profiles to the peptide epitopes were found among the various study groups. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-1 seropositive IVDA had antibodies specific to HGP-17 ala (aa 114-131), HGP-35 (aa 51-85), and HGP-33 (aa 1-33) compared to the HIV-1 p17-positive asymptomatic homosexuals. The epitope-specific antibody responses reflected the clinical status of the HIV-1-infected study subjects, and declined to nondetectable levels as the patient progressed to ARC/AIDS. This decline preceded by several months the reduction in the antibody titer against the intact HIV-1 p17 and p24 proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Specific antibody responses to synthetic peptides of HIV-1 p17 correlate with different stages of HIV-1 infection. 137 53

Patients with ARC and AIDS develop a variety of symptoms that significantly affect their nutritional status. Podiatrists, although not directly involved with the intricacies of the nutritional management of people with AIDS, should be aware of the effect of the virus on the human body. Investigators are predicting that almost 100% of the estimated 12 million HIV-positive persons in the world will develop AIDS. By giving people with AIDS nutritional education, not only may there be a beneficial response in respect to treatment but it may enhance an individual's quality of life and positive self-image.
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PMID:Nutrition for the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 139

Thailand had its first case of AIDS in 1984, but HIV transmission remained rather low during 1984-86 (0-10 HIV positive cases, 1 AIDS case for 1984 and 1985 and 0 in 1986, and 0-8 cases of AIDS-related complex [ARC]). Beginning in 1987, however, the number of HIV positive, ARC and AIDS cases grew very rapidly (from 194 to an estimated 5384 [1987-end of 1989]). At the end of June 1989, 7978 people (91% male and 9% female) were either HIV positive or had AIDS or ARC. These infections were most prevalent in 20-29 year olds (3797 cases) followed by 30-39 year olds (2946 cases). 19 children (0.2%) were infected. HIV had infected people in all 73 provinces by June 1989. Drug use was by far the leading risk factor of HIV infections in Thailand (91.3% or 6889 cases) followed by heterosexual intercourse (502 cases, 406 of whom were women). HIV prevalence rose considerably among iv drug users. Between 1985 and 1987, it was less than 1%, but by 1988, it rose to 9.5% to 42%, based on a study of 14 provinces. The government has been increasing funds for HIV prevention and control activities. If the epidemiologic trend were to continue, Thailand would have 100,000 HIV-infected cases and 1400 AIDS cases in 1996. 5 Working Committees address prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation; health worker training; public education; coordination; and knowledge of HIV infection. Strategies they have developed to reduce HIV transmission are creation of a central group to monitor, control, and evaluate future projects; coordination of projects between public and private sectors; establishment of an information center; creation of clinics specializing in treatment of patients infected with HIV; health personnel training; and research.
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PMID:HIV infection control in Thailand. 140

The CD4+ CD8- inducer helper cell and the CD4- CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor cell absolute numbers were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with various pathological conditions: with leukemia-lymphomas or solid tumors, patients with bone marrow grafts suffering from GvH, HIV-1 asymptomatic carriers, ARC and AIDS patients. The study was carried out during observation periods when they were not suffering from opportunistic infections and were untreated. In all the groups a decrease of the CD4+ CD8- cell absolute number was observed. In the leukemia-lymphoma and solid tumor bearing patients the CD4- CD8+ absolute value was lower than normal, while in the GvH- and HIV-infected patients, it was significantly higher. The clinical follow-up of each group indicates that GvH, ARC and AIDS patients developed infection in 40-68% of the cases, ie the only groups at risk of infection are those in which the CD4- CD8+ absolute values are high: we suggest that the balance CD4+ versus CD8+ should be considered rather the absolute CD4+ when discussing appropriate use of immuno-regulators.
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PMID:Retrospective study correlating clinical infectious history and peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations in cancer, GvH and HIV+ patients. 142 Oct 30

The most important purine nucleotides (NAD, AMP, IMP, GMP, XMP, ADP, ATP, GDP, GTP) were analyzed by HPLC in the lymphocytes of healthy subjects and HIV-1 seropositive patients at different stages of the disease (ARC-AIDS). Several differences, which focus attention on the behaviour of purine nucleotide metabolism in the lymphocytes of these patients, were observed.
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PMID:Analysis of purine nucleotides in lymphocytes from healthy subjects and AIDS patients. 142 Oct 31

HIV-1 antigens generate in man both a humoral and cellular immune reaction. However, in ARC/AIDS patients, the cellular response is inhibited by HIV-1 which induces an antiproliferative (suppressive) effect on activated T cells. To overcome this inhibition and up-regulate the cellular response, we designed a new vaccine strategy directed both against HIV-1 and immunosuppression and we used an immunizing preparation composed of HIV-1 antigens combined with immunoregulatory peptides prepared in a biologically inactivated but immunogenic form. In mice, this preparation induced anti-HIV-1 antibodies and a cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against H2 restricted cells carrying HIV-1 antigens.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of combined anti-HIV and anti-suppressive vaccine preparations. 142 Oct 46

The Cockcroft and Gault (CG) [1976] method of predicted creatinine clearances (CCR) accurately predicts measured 24-hour CCR values in healthy volunteers. The present study compared the relationship between measured and predicted CCR through 5 methods: CG, J1 [Jelliffe 1971], J2 [Jelliffe 1973], M [Mawer et al. 1972], and H [Hull et al. 1981], in 42 HIV-seropositive patients: 21 ARC/21 AIDS, 35M/7F, 26 homosexual/16 intravenous drug users, age: 37 +/- 7 years, actual body weight: 74 +/- 14 kg, CD4: 0.286 +/- 0.185 x 10(9) cells per liter (mean +/- SD). Measured CCR values poorly correlated with serum creatinine levels (r = -0.35; p < 0.01). The average measured CCR was 106 +/- 29 ml/min compared with 94 +/- 21 (CG; r = 0.49), 78 +/- 13 (J1; r = 0.41), 77 +/- 14 (J2; r = 0.44), 97 +/- 21 (M; r = 0.51) and 95 +/- 17 ml/min (H; r = 0.32). Standardization to body surface area or lean body weight or stratification by patient factors (gender, disease stage, risk factors, drug treatment) did not improve correlations. However, patients with normal microalbumin excretion rates had more predictable CCR values compared with those who had excess excretion, suggesting the influence of HIV-associated nephropathy on CCR estimation. Since all predicted CCR equations consistently underestimated actual values, these equations should be used with caution in estimating measured CCR in HIV-seropositive patients.
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PMID:Failure of predicted creatinine clearance equations in HIV-seropositive patients. 144 56

The physiopathology of malnutrition among AIDS, ARC and HIV infected children was reviewed. One-hundred eight-three newborns were studied, 152 of which were born at "La Fe" Maternity Hospital. Of these patients, 29% were LBW and 28% preterm. Transfused and hemophiliac patients were excluded from the study. Anorexia, vomiting, fever, infections of the respiratory and GI tracts and drug therapy were the most frequent factors affecting the nutritional status. Fifty-three newborns were infected with the HIV (29%). The children were classified into three groups (G). Group-I was formed by HIV+children > 18 months of age, G-II, P-2 class by children < 18 months of age and G-III was formed by those children that died of AIDS. The most common symptoms were chronic diarrhea and infections of the respiratory tract. Of the HIV+children > 18 months of age, 65% had a weight < the 10th percentile and 61% were < the 10th percentile for height. Of the children that died of AIDS, 80% were in the lower 10th percentile for both weight and height. Hemoglobin, T4/T8, total proteins, seroalbumin and calcium were also negatively affected. Those most severely affected were the dead patients, followed by P-2 < 18 months and finally the HIV+ > 18 months of age. The differences between G-I and G-II-G-III were statistically significant, p < 0.01. The biochemical quantification of the nutritional status was difficult due to the limited amount of blood available. HIV infected children require nutrition supplementation to maintain an adequate nutritional status. Among these patients, malnutrition is a multifactorial phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nutritional status in HIV infection in infancy]. 145 14

The objective of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the expression of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes at various clinical stages of HIV infection and to determine the value of these markers in identifying patients likely to have rapidly progressive disease. One hundred and three HIV+ patients, divided into four disease stages, and 34 seronegative controls were evaluated at study entry using flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The HIV patients were followed clinically for disease progression during the following 2 years. CD8 cell numbers and percentage of lymphocytes are increased after HIV infection. Expression of the CD38, HLA-DR and CD57 markers on CD8 cells was significantly increased in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients when compared with controls, as was the CD8 cell population which did not coexpress Leu-8. These activation markers were observed to be further increased in patient groups with more clinically advanced infection. The percentage of CD38 on CD8 cells emerged not only as a discriminator of disease severity, but was a strong predictor of progression in asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy and ARC patients. Given the utility of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes in staging disease and predicting clinical outcome, the measurement of these parameters should be considered in the monitoring and management of HIV patients.
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PMID:The significance of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency syndrome: staging and prognostic value. 145 74

An epidemiological survey of patients in the Warsaw Clinic of Infectious Hepatology, the Polish National Center of AIDS Control, has been made. The epidemiological evaluation of risk groups and the age of HIV-infected persons has revealed that in Poland they are similar to those in Europe and in the USA (homosexuals and addicts aged 26-30 years). In 12% of the hospitalized patients the full clinical picture of AIDS, in 11.3% pre-AIDS (ARC) and in 58.1% lymphadenopathy (LAS) have been registered. In 18.4% of the patients only antibodies to HIV have been detected. The necessity of timely laboratory examinations for the determination of antibodies to HIV, whose presence may be signalled by any clinical symptom of the disease, has been shown.
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PMID:[HIV infection in the Warsaw Clinic of Infectious Hepatology]. 146 65


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