Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen lymph nodes of a HIV-positive boy were studied histologically and immunohistologically. According to Stutte's classification of HIV-related lymphadenopathy, 84% of the lymph nodes were at the third or fourth stages in relation to clinical status ARC/AIDS. Lymph follicle atrophy, angiogenesis, histiocytic proliferation and destruction of the normal reticulum frame were observed. Immunohistochemical studies showed most of the remaining lymphocytes to be T cells and changes in the distribution of S-100 positive cells. Ki 1 positive cells existed mainly at the second stage. The significance of these changes is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Histopathology and immunohistopathology of lymph nodes of the first autopsy with HIV positivity in China. 133 74

HIV-1-related neurological diseases, excluding opportunistic infections and HIV encephalitis, are considered here. Most occur in severely immunosuppressed patients, with CD4 counts of under 200 x 10(6) l-1. Primary brain lymphoma and metastases from systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the second commonest cause of cerebral mass lesions in AIDS, are usually aggressive B cell tumours. Their poor median survival after treatment, compared with that of lymphomas in non-AIDS patients, seems related to systemic complications, particularly opportunistic infections. Kaposi's sarcoma produces neurological symptoms exceptionally. Cerebral infarction is often unrecognized clinically but large vessel arteritic occlusions may occur. Intracranial haemorrhages occur mostly in thrombocytopenic patients. Seizures are frequently referred to the neurologist; investigation may lead to a diagnosis of AIDS. Nearly 50% of patients with seizures have cerebral toxoplasmosis or cryptococcal meningitis; HIV-1 encephalitis is presumed to be the cause in 30%. A subacute or chronic vacuolar myelopathy with pyramidal and posterior column signs is the commonest form of spinal cord involvement in AIDS; its cause remains unknown. Peripheral nerve syndromes occur at all stages of HIV-1 infection. Distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathies are the most frequent, particularly a painful form with axonal atrophy, associated with CMV infection, and seen during ARC or AIDS. Mononeuritis multiplex due to vasculitis, CMV, or lymphoma and a serious lumbosacral polyradiculopathy due to CMV are infrequent. The commonest myopathy is due to zidovudine (AZT); it usually responds to drug withdrawal. The nature, prognosis and optimal management of most other myopathies is yet to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Other neurological diseases in HIV-1 infection: clinical aspects. 134 49

In an African population of 292 women, hospitalised for psychiatric reasons, the seropositivity for HIV was clearly found higher than in the general corresponding population; this was particularly significant for first hospitalisations; furthermore, the seropositivity became twice as high in the group hospitalised several times. The HIV, known for neurotropism, seems responsible for a psychic fragility factor, favorising psychiatric breakdowns as well as their recurrences. No specific psychiatric diagnosis appears to be related to the seropositive patients. This study suggest that psychiatric breakdowns are already favoured in the period preceeding immunodeficiency symptoms (AIDS or ARC).
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a psychiatric population in Central Africa]. 134 28

We have considered the possibility that antigen-presenting cells of the dendritic cell lineage may be infected in vivo and spread HIV-1 at the time dendritic cells initiate the clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells. Dendritic cells were isolated from 25 HIV-1-infected subjects (CDC stages II-IV). Fewer dendritic cells were recovered from most infected subjects. Reduced numbers of total non-T cells were also found in these patients, so that preferential loss of dendritic cells did not occur. Dendritic cell function was assessed by stimulatory capacity for allogeneic CD4+ T cells in the mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). Potent MLR stimulator activity was retained in the dendritic cell-enriched populations from HIV-infected patients. Seven out of nine patients without AIDS (asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy or ARC) and three out of six patients with AIDS had proliferative responses equivalent to those induced by dendritic cells from controls. Dendritic cells from HIV+ subjects were able to initiate the expansion of allogeneic CD4+ T cell clones with cloning efficiency not different from controls and without evidence of cytopathic effect in the expanding CD4+ clones. In situ hybridization of the different mononuclear cell populations with a gag-specific riboprobe demonstrated positive cells in the T cell fractions of 12 of the 15 patients tested. None of the asymptomatic or ARC patients had riboprobe-positive cells in the dendritic cell-enriched populations. Four out of nine patients with AIDS had cells positive for HIV-1 expression in the dendritic cell-enriched fraction. However, the positive cells had the nuclear profile of lymphocytes, and by cytofluorography some residual low-density T cells were present. By limiting dilution and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CD4+ lymphocytes carried HIV provirus in inocula of 500-5000 cells, while provirus could only be detected in 50,000 cells from the dendritic cell-enriched fraction. The latter signal may be due to the demonstrated levels of T cell contamination. Our data indicate that productive or latent HIV-1 infection of blood dendritic cells in vivo is rare, certainly no greater than in T lymphocytes, and that in vitro dendritic cell preparations from patients can expand CD4+ T cells efficiently and therefore may be able to expand T cells with immunotherapeutic activity.
 ...
PMID:During HIV-1 infection most blood dendritic cells are not productively infected and can induce allogeneic CD4+ T cells clonal expansion. 134 71

Specific HIV-1 neutralizing activity was measured in single serum samples obtained from 52 individuals suffering from different stage of HIV disease, as well as in serum samples collected during a four years follow up of other 13 HIV-1 seropositive persons, from whose seven developed AIDS. Three of these persons were treated with azidothymidine. In the former group of single serum specimens, the specific neutralizing antibody positivity rate was 81 per cent in symptomless persons, 92 per cent in patients with ARC and 43 per cent in patients with AIDS. From 13 HIV-1 infected individuals, prospectively investigated from 1986 to 1990, six remained asymptomatic and no significant fluctuation of specific virus neutralizing antibody levels was noted. During this time period, remaining seven patients developed AIDS. In the sera of AIDS patients, specific neutralizing activity was either not detected or its titres were rather low before the appearance of clinical disease. Three AIDS patients were administered azidothymidine. Specific neutralizing antibody titres increased significantly one month after the beginning of azidothymidine administration and persisted at relatively high levels over several months of follow up.
 ...
PMID:Virus neutralizing antibodies at different stages of the HIV disease: increased levels after azidothymidine treatment. 135 67

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome frequently suffer peripheral neuropathy. We investigated its prevalence and relationship to clinical stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction testing. Vibratory threshold was determined in the right great toe and index finger of 179 men seropositive for HIV (28 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] or AIDS-related complex [ARC], 151 asymptomatic) and 32 HIV-seronegative controls. None had clinical peripheral neuropathy. Abnormal threshold was control mean plus 2.5 SDs. In the toe, 10 (36%) of 28 subjects with AIDS or ARC had abnormal vibratory thresholds, compared with seven (5%) of 151 asymptomatic seropositive subjects and none of 32 controls. A subgroup of 168 seropositive subjects underwent nerve conduction testing. Abnormality rates were similar, but abnormalities of nerve conduction coincided with quantitative sensory testing abnormalities in only half the cases. Mean (+/-SD) vibratory threshold was significantly greater in subjects with AIDS or ARC (3.00 +/- 0.51 vibratory units) than in asymptomatic subjects (1.56 +/- 0.27 vibratory units) and controls (1.63 +/- 0.54 vibratory units). Finger abnormality rates did not differ, although subjects with AIDS or ARC had greater mean vibratory threshold. Subclinical peripheral neuropathy is thus related to stage of HIV infection and is present by quantitative sensory testing in 36% of patients with AIDS or ARC.
 ...
PMID:Sensory testing in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. 136 Feb 2

Sera obtained from 27 HIV-infected persons were investigated for complement-dependent humoral cytotoxicity. Uninfected as well as HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells were used as cellular targets either before or after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con-A). The degree of cytotoxicity was determined by 51Cr-release assay. Two different antibodies could be found in sera of HIV-infected persons, one being directed against HIV-induced cell surface component(s) and the other reacting with structure(s) present on activated T4 cells. Asymptomatic HIV-carries were found to have antibodies exerting complement-dependent cytotoxicity to HIV-infected T4 cells. These antibodies were reactive mainly after stimulation of HIV-infected target cells by Con-A. Sera of ARC and AIDS patients contained autoantibodies reactive with PHA-stimulated or HIV-infected T4 lymphocytes. These data suggest that HIV-specific antibodies represent an anti-viral immune defense, while autoantibodies may be important in destruction of the immune system in AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and specificity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in different stages of HIV infection. 136 23

In order to understand the significance of presence of HIV-1 in saliva, we searched for by PCR HIV-1 proviral sequences in the saliva cells of 49 HIV-1 infected patients. Seven out 49 specimens resulted positive, 4 of which were from patients with PGL, 1 with ARC and 2 with AIDS. Four patients had a CD4+ lymphocyte counts < 200/cmm and in 3 patients the CD4+ lymphocyte count ranged from 200 to 400/cmm. Two patients were treated with AZT, 1 with DDI and 4 had no antiretroviral treatment. In conclusion, although HIV-1 proviral sequences have been found in saliva of HIV-1 infected patients, a larger group of patients should be investigated to define more precisely the role of HIV-1 in saliva.
 ...
PMID:[HIV-1 proviral DNA sequences in the saliva of patients with HIV infection]. 136 55

We have studied 61 HIV-seropositive heroin addicts (18 asymptomatic, 20 ARC, and 23 AIDS cases), 26 HIV-seronegative heroin addicts, and 45 healthy blood donors, matching the groups each other for age and sex. We have focused on the phenotypic characteristics of B subpopulations in the peripheral blood of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative drug abusers, paying particular attention to the consistence of the "CD20+" B cell subset, which poorly expresses the CD21 membrane receptor for the C3d and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (referred to as "CD20 + CD21-" subset). In healthy blood donors, the ratio CD20 + CD21-/CD20+ x 100 is extremely low (mean +/- SEM = 8.1 +/- 0.9) and rarely exceeds the value of 20. On the contrary, in HIV seropositives, the values are much more dispersed, with higher mean values (mean +/- SEM = 25.8 +/- 1.8) ranging from 50 to 60. An intermediate situation characterizes the class of HIV-seronegative heroin addicts, whose values are slightly higher and more dispersed than that of normal controls (mean +/- SEM = 11.6 +/- 1.3). The extent of the amplification of the CD20 + CD21- subset in HIV-seropositive individuals does not apparently correlate with the progression of the disease and represents an early event in the clinical course of HIV infection. For each subject of the study group, the number of CD20 + CD21- B lymphocytes is not correlated to other early markers of HIV infection, as the T4 lymphocyte number, or total Ig levels in sera. A functional characterization of the CD20 + CD21- B cell subset indicates that, in HIV-seropositive patients, these cells are unable to produce specific and nonspecific immunoglobulins (Ig's), either spontaneously or after pokeweed mitogen stimulation. Furthermore, this cell subset is characterized by poor expression of surface Ig's. The data reported suggest that this cell subset can be regarded as situated at an early level of B cell lineage differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Identification of a CD21 receptor-deficient, non-Ig-secreting peripheral B lymphocyte subset in HIV-seropositive drug abusers. 137 Mar 96

The majority of the immunodominant amino acid sequences of HIV-1 that have been characterized to date are coded for by hypervariable gene sequences. These variable sequences are however interspersed with sequences that are highly conserved between HIV strains. Immunogenic viral products with amino acid sequences that vary minimally between strains, and that consistently elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses, may be ideal for inclusion in a subunit vaccine. We studied HIV-seronegative and HIV-infected persons, classified as asymptomatic (AS), ARC or AIDS. Initially, we assessed the cellular immune status of each subject from results of T cell phenotype analyses, assays for serum levels of surrogate markers of disease progression, and responses to mitogens and recall antigen. In addition, we tested whether three short synthetic peptides derived from the conserved sequences of the envelope gp120 (aa 262-284) and gp41 (aa 579-601), and core p17 (aa 106-125) regions of the HTLV-IIIB isolate, could elicit B cell as well as T cell responses in HIV-infected subjects. Only the gp41-derived sequence was immunogenic at both B and T cell levels. To further characterize the gp41 epitope, we used a series of overlapping synthetic peptides derived from a conserved region of the envelope gp41 (aa 572-613). We thus identified an immunodominant 12-mer peptide sequence, gp41(8)(aa 593-604), which consistently elicited both T cell blastogenic and B cell (antibody) responses in AS HIV-seropositive individuals but not in ARC and AIDS patients. Linear regression analysis showed that in AS persons there was a strong positive correlation (P less than 0.0005) between the absolute CD8+ T cell numbers and the magnitude of blastogenic responses to the gp41(8)(aa 593-604). Furthermore, those AS subjects with T cells that proliferated in response to this gp41 analogue also had significantly greater serum levels of antibody to the same short peptide sequence than symptomatic ARC and AIDS patients. These results suggest that cellular responses to the immunodominant and highly conserved envelope sequences of HIV-1, associated with increased CD8+ T cells, may be important in the pathogenesis of HIV disease.
 ...
PMID:Definition of an immunodominant T cell epitope contained in the envelope gp41 sequence of HIV-1. 137 Jul 73


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>