Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The French-Italian Cooperative Study Group included patients with poor-prognosis AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), defined as those with performance status (PS) > or = 3 and/or opportunistic infections (OI), in a prospective study with a 50% reduced-dose combination chemotherapy regimen: CHVmP-Vincristine-bleo (cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, doxorubicin 25 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, teniposide 30 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, prednisone 20 mg/m2 per os days 1-5, vincristine 2 mg i.v. day 15, and bleomycin 10 mg i.v. day 15), given every 21 days for eight cycles, and concomitant zidovudine 500 mg per os per day. The aims of this combined treatment were to reduce bone marrow toxicity and infectious complications related to chemotherapy (with a low-dose chemotherapy regimen), and to control the HIV and related infectious complications (with zidovudine therapy). Thirty-seven patients entered this prospective study. At the time of the NHL diagnosis, 41% of the patients had asymptomatic HIV infection, 27% had ARC and 32% had already had CDC-defined diagnoses of AIDS. The median CD4+ cell count was 35 mm3. Only 29 patients are evaluable for response, since 8 received only one cycle of chemotherapy. Fifteen of 29 (52%) patients obtained objective responses, with only 4 (14%) achieving complete remissions (CR) of 1, 4, 14 and 29+ months. Three (16%) CRs were achieved in 19 evaluable patients included in the study because of poor PS, and only one CR was observed in 10 evaluable patients with histories of OI, either alone or with poor PS. The most common side effect was bone marrow toxicity with 2 related toxic deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prospective study with combined low-dose chemotherapy and zidovudine in 37 patients with poor-prognosis AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. French-Italian Cooperative Study Group. 128 47

In this open-label, randomized, parallel-groups study the Authors compare the parenteral administration of a beta-lactamase inhibitor associated with a semisynthetic penicillin (sulbactam-ampicillin) with the oral administration of a 3rd-generation quinolone (ofloxacin), in 20 HIV-infected subjects suffering from lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections. 12 patients were classified as AIDS, 6 as ARC (AIDS related complex) and 2 as asymptomatic seropositives. The risk of becoming HIV-infected and the work load for the health staff were also evaluated. The clinical and microbiological results indicate that oral ofloxacin is as effective as parenteral sulbactam-ampicillin for the treatment of LRT infections in HIV-positive individuals. In addition, the members of the health staff reported significantly less difficulty in administering ofloxacin in respect to sulbactam-ampicillin.
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PMID:AIDS patients with bacterial lower respiratory tract infections: treatment with ofloxacin versus sulbactam-ampicillin. 128 39

Prevalence of HIV-Ag in both serum and CSF has been determined in 19 HIV infected patients, including 7 patients without any symptoms or only generalized lymphadenopathy, 5 patients with ARC and 7 patients with AIDS. The results have been correlated with clinically evident neurological disorders. HIV-Ag have been detected in 9 out of 12 patients with ARC (AIDS Related Complex) and AIDS. In 8 of them neurological disorders have been present. Out of the remaining 7 patients in only one HIV-Ag has been detected in CSF (p < 025). No correlation between the presence of HIV antigen in CSF and serum has been noted.
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PMID:[Prevalence of HIV antigens in cerebrospinal fluid and in serum of patients with both asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection]. 129 60

Lymphocytes CD8+ have been assayed prospectively in 245 individuals infected with HIV. Percentage and number of CD8+ have been nearly two-fold higher in asymptomatic patients or patients with lymphadenopathy than those in the control group. The number of CD8+ lymphocytes has been rapidly decreasing parallel to the progression of HIV (ARC and AIDS), while their percentage has increased--however insignificantly. There has been a positive correlation between the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and all clinical stages of HIV infection.
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PMID:[Quantitative assay of CD8+ (cytotoxic and suppressor) lymphocytes in patients with both asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection]. 129 61

Health-related quality of life (QOL) is an important component of the evaluation of patient outcome in HIV infection where disease is progressive and debilitating. This paper compares patient-reported QOL obtained from questionnaires which cover functional ability, social functioning, cognition, mental health, disability days, disease symptoms, and overall health in the previous 3 months. These scales have been validated on HIV populations. We compared changes in health status over 12 months for 669 patients with varying HIV disease severity: 134 asymptomatic, 416 symptomatic (previously termed ARC), and 119 AIDS. Groups were evaluated at baseline for demographic and health status differences (i.e., age, CD4+). Declines in health status and psychosocial status were found over the year for all persons. Individuals with symptomatic disease or AIDS had significant declines of 10-20% (p < 0.001) in all aspects of role functioning (social, daily activities, energy, and global health) and increased disease symptoms, but no significant declines in cognition or mental health. Persons with AIDS had greater declines than those with symptomatic disease. AIDS and symptomatic patients also reported significantly fewer hours at work and more disability days than asymptomatic patients. The impact that HIV disease has on the health status of non-AIDS symptomatic patients is especially striking.
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PMID:Changes in quality of life among persons with HIV infection. 129 68

Sine-wave transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of varying frequencies applied across the cranium (ear to ear) has been demonstrated to evoke three different noncutaneous sensations in three discrete, nonoverlapping frequency bands in normal, healthy subjects. This report describes two studies which evaluate perception of these cranial TENS-evoked, frequency-dependent sensations in normal and HIV-positive individuals. In Exp. I, all of 50 normal, healthy subjects reported perceiving the same three noncutaneous sensations in the same three nonoverlapping frequency bands as long as stimulated and over repeated trials. In Exp. II, 34 HIV-positive individuals (14 asymptomatic, 9 ARC, 11 AIDS) who were free of neurological symptoms differed significantly from 10 normal, healthy controls, and from the norms observed in Exp. I, on perception of the three different TENS-evoked sensations. Also, inability to maintain perception of the stimulus over repeated trials, observed only in the HIV-positive individuals, increased significantly with severity of HIV infection.
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PMID:Perception of different frequencies of cranial transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in normal and HIV-positive individuals. 131 60

160 HIV-infected Greek patients were prospectively examined and the oral signs and symptoms recorded. At the time of oral examination, 76 patients were asymptomatic seropositive, 47 were in the ARC stage, and 37 had AIDS. 1 or more oral findings were recorded in 90.6% of the patients, while a total of 33 different lesions were observed. The more common oral lesions (highly suspicious) were candidiasis (61%), hairy leukoplakia (24%), periodontitis (19%), necrotizing gingivitis (11%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (12%). In addition, some unclassified lesions or symptoms (xerostomia--26%, burning mouth syndrome--19%, patchy depapillated tongue--16%, hairy tongue--10%, exfoliative cheilitis--4%) were common, while submandibular and cervical lymph node enlargement were found in 49% of the patients. It is interesting that in 16 patients (10%), the suspicion of HIV infection was based exclusively on oral lesions. The authors' findings show that oral signs and symptoms are common and occasionally early manifestations of HIV infection, and it is in association to those reported in previous studies.
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PMID:Oral signs and symptoms in 160 Greek HIV-infected patients. 131 36

Serum levels of the soluble form of tumour necrosis factor receptor type II (p75) (sTNF-R) were determined in HIV-infected individuals and risk groups and were then correlated with the course of infection and prognosis. sTNF-R levels were determined by an ELISA with MoAbs and polyclonal antibodies to urine-derived sTNF-R proteins. The mean +/- s.e. levels of sTNF-R in the sera of 49 HIV+ male homosexuals, 34 HIV- male homosexuals and 44 matched controls were 6.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, 4.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml and 3.4 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. All these values were significantly different between each of the groups (P less than 0.001-0.05). Sequential studies of sTNF-R revealed higher levels following seroconversion in 5/8 individuals, remained persistently high during the asymptomatic phase of the infection and became even more elevated in some ARC and AIDS patients. At the same time TNF-alpha was undetectable in sera obtained from HIV+ male homosexuals and from healthy controls. This was independent of stage of HIV infection, serum sTNF-R level and type of ELISA kit used. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha/TNF-R system is turned on before and during HIV infection and raise the possibility that sTNF-R, the natural inhibitor of TNF, may be of importance in determining the course and probably prognosis of the disease.
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PMID:Elevated serum levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R) in patients with HIV infection. 132 3

The influence of mononuclear cell supernatants (MNCS) from nine healthy donors and 35 HIV-infected patients (17 with lymphoadenopathy syndrome (LAS), 15 with ARC and three with AIDS) on functional activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from healthy donors was investigated. MNC after short-term cultivation (24 h) produced factors which enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) and chemotaxis of PMN. This augmentation did not depend on stimulation of MNC by mitogens (lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A)) or on activation of PMN by FMLP. After 48 h of cultivation only MNC stimulated by LPS produced these factors. MNCS from HIV-infected patients provoked a more pronounced augmentation of PMN CL compared with MNCS from healthy subjects. This enhancement was observed in patients at all stages of infection, but was more pronounced in patients with LAS. MNCS impact on PMN CL was not connected with proliferative activity of MNC but was correlated with the level of CD4 cells. It was shown that removal of adherent cells from MNC fraction resulted in decreased MNCS impact. Treatment of MNCS by antibody to IL-1 beta, IL-8, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) did not decrease MNCS impact on PMN CL.
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PMID:Mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients produce factors which enhance functional activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from healthy subjects. 132 4

The bestfit computer program was used to compare the amino acid sequence of the gp160 envelope glycoprotein of an apathogenic AGM and the pathogenic SIVAGM monkey lentiviruses. It was found that the gp120 envelope glycoproteins of these viruses resembled each other in their functional domains. However, an insert of 40 amino acids was found in the gp41 envelope glycoproteins of the pathogenic SIVAGM virus in the amino acid sequence between the membrane anchoring sequence and the carboxyterminus. The insert introduced a new "RRIR" proteolytic cleavage signal into gp41. Comparing HIV-1 gp41 to that of the pathogenic SIVAGM virus revealed that the HIV-1 sequence contains an "RR" sequence that also serves as a signal for proteolytic cleavage. Comparing HIV-2 gp41 to the apathogenic and pathogenic simian immunodeficiency viruses revealed that HIV-2 gp41 lacks the above proteolytic cleavage signal. It is hypothesized that the pathogenic human and simian immunodeficiency lentiviruses can be proteolytically cleaved at the carboxyterminus of gp41, releasing two peptides: a) an "immunodeficiency" 58 amino acid peptide and b) an IL-2-like peptide. The apathogenic AGM virus and the less pathogenic HIV-2 lack one proteolytic cleavage signal in the gp41 amino acid sequence and therefore can release only the IL-2-like peptide but not the "immunodeficiency" peptide. If indeed the pathogenic SIVAGM and HIV-1 do release an "immunodeficiency" peptide, then such a peptide can be regarded as a toxin. Immunization of healthy individuals or HIV-1 patients against the toxic effect of the viral gp41 toxic peptide might prevent damage to the immune system when the virus reactivation leads to ARC and AIDS in infected individuals. Synthetic peptides modeled according to the immunodeficiency peptide (the toxin) can be used to produce anti-toxin antibodies in healthy HIV-1 infected individuals. Such anti-toxin antibodies can be used for passive immunization of AIDS patients or for active immunization of HIV-1 positive individuals prior to ARC or AIDS.
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PMID:Computer analysis of the amino acid sequences in gp41 of apathogenic African green monkey (AGM) virus, less pathogenic HIV-2 and highly pathogenic SIV and HIV-1 lentiviruses. 133 29


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