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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HIV-1 sequences (gag, pol, and env) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 53 HIV-1-positive patients and the results correlated with clinical evidence of neurological disease. Twenty-three out of 24 patients with neurological disease had HIV-1-specific sequences in CSF compared with four out of 20 asymptomatic patients who had no evidence of neurological involvement. The detection of HIV RNA sequences by PCR in the CSF of HIV-positive patients may provide early, rapid and direct evidence of neurological involvement in asymptomatic subjects.
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PMID:Expression of HIV-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid detected by the polymerase chain reaction and its correlation with central nervous system disease. 189 87

We studied the spontaneous in vitro secretion of anti-HIV-1 antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1-infected patients. Specific antibody production was detected in supernatants of PBMC cultures using an ELISA; HIV-1 specificity was confirmed by antigen adsorption and Western blotting. This antibody secretion was found to be an active phenomenon and was not due to a release of plasma antibodies passively adsorbed onto the cell membranes. In all positive supernatants, anti-HIV-1-secreted antibodies were directed against env-encoded antigens and many supernatants also contained antibodies to pol- and gag-encoded antigens. PBMC from all HIV-1-infected patients tested (140 adults and 18 infants) secreted anti-HIV-1 antibodies. This production was found during all the clinical stages of HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that this spontaneous HIV-1-specific antibody secretion represents a marker of HIV-1 infection. Detection of these antibodies could be a valuable tool for early confirmation of HIV-1 infection in neonates born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers.
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PMID:Analysis of the spontaneous in vitro anti-HIV-1 antibody secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HIV-1 infection. 189 28

Relationships with retroviruses have recently been found in different human pathologies as autoimmune diseases which would be associated with the presence and eventually the expression of retroviral sequences. Detection of the presence of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 homologous sequences and their expression was realised on lymphocytes of 14 patients with polyendrocrinopathies (Basedow-Graves' disease and insulin-dependent diabetes) and four relatives of one index case. No antibodies to HTLV-1 and HIV-1 could be detected by Western blot and Elisa tests. HTLV-1 related sequences were revealed by Southern blot (SB) in 5 out of 18 subjects' DNA. Analyses of all DNA were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven DNA, including the 5 previously positive in SB, and two relatives (father and grandfather), negative in SB, contained HTLV-1-gag related sequences, but neither pol nor pX regions. Concerning HIV-1, all 18 DNA examined were negative by both methods. DNA of ten clinically healthy donors were found to be negative with the same tests.
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PMID:Detection of HTLV-1 gag related sequences in leucocyte DNA from patients with polyendocrinopathies (Basedow-Graves' disease and insulin-dependent diabetes). 190 39

We evaluated the use of the INNO-LIA HIV-1/HIV-2 Ab test (LIA HIV; Innogenetics) for the confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). The test includes three recombinant HIV-1 proteins: p24 (gag), p17 (gag), and endonuclease (p31; pol), in combination with two synthetic peptides derived from the env gene of HIV-1 and one synthetic peptide selected from the env gene of HIV-2. Analysis of 450 sera from blood donors, 220 sera from patients with non-HIV pathology, and 28 Western blot (WB) p24-only reactive sera revealed no false-positive results, and the rate of indeterminate results was substantially lower than that with WB. Testing of 334 WB-confirmed HIV antibody-positive sera (309 HIV-1; 25 HIV-2) revealed no false-negative results. In two of seven seroconversion panels tested, LIA HIV detected the presence of HIV antibodies before WB did. In the other five panels, LIA HIV and WB confirmed the presence of HIV antibodies in the same sample. The LIA HIV assay therefore appears well suited for routine confirmation of the presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies.
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PMID:Confirmation and differentiation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 with a strip-based assay including recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. 191 62

We have investigated the optimal reaction conditions and the limiting sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 DNA by PCR. The amplification systems studied were gag (SK38/SK39); pol (P3/P4); and two other systems described here for the first time, LTR (LTR1/LTR2) and nef (Nef1/Nef2), which amplify fragments of 115 bp, 308 bp, 632 bp and 643 bp, respectively. Two PCR profiles were assayed, and the requirements for deoxynucleoside triphosphate and MgCl2 concentrations for each amplification reaction were determined. Optimal reaction conditions were oriented toward selecting maximal amplification of the expected size fragment. Limiting sensitivity was estimated by testing the decreasing copy number of a plasmid containing HIV-1 genome and obtaining a positive amplification signal with at least 5, 5, 10 and 5 copies for LTR, gag, pol and nef, respectively. We conclude that the establishment of the detection sensitivity on a PCR is an important parameter to be considered for the interpretation of results on HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Influence of PCR parameters on amplifications of HIV-1 DNA: establishment of limiting sensitivity. 193 Oct 39

It has been reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may exist in persons without specific antibodies for years. To measure the frequency of a silent carrier state, a study was conducted in a cohort of 124 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) without anti-HIV-1 antibodies. All the participants had engaged in high-risk behavior for HIV-1 transmission for a number of years until 1987 or later. Samples were analyzed at 6-month intervals for the presence of HIV-1 provirus using DNA amplification and for the appearance of anti-HIV-1 antibodies. HIV-1 provirus and antibodies were undetectable in 122 participants, whereas seroconversion was observed in 2. In one of these, both amplified HIV-1 pol gene segment and anti-HIV-1 antibodies were detected simultaneously, and in the other, provirus was detected 1 month before seroconversion. This study suggests that long-term HIV-1 infection without anti-HIV-1 antibodies is rare and that repeated antibody testing is sufficient to determine the HIV-1 status of a person no longer at high risk for HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Absence of chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection without seroconversion in intravenous drug users: a prospective and retrospective study. 194 Apr 76

Mutations at amino acid positions 67, 70, 215, and 219 in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene correlate with the emergence of resistance to zidovudine (AZT). These four positions were monitored in viral RNA extracted from infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and viral stocks obtained after coculture with uninfected lymphocytes. Genotype determinations were made using the self-sustained sequence replication (3SR) and differential bead-based sandwich hybridization (BBSH) assay. The hybridization results obtained by 3SR and BBSH analyses were verified by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of the 3SR products. Correlation of 3SR and BBSH with polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization analyses of the PBMC and corresponding viral isolates indicated that PBMC and corresponding HIV-1 isolates may differ in their genotypes at the monitored amino acid positions, variations from the wild-type nucleotide sequence may occur proximal to the codons being monitored, and viral isolates possessing the same genotypes at the four monitored amino acid positions showed a threefold variation in their ID50 measurements.
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PMID:Use of self-sustained sequence replication amplification reaction to analyze and detect mutations in zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus. 195 9

In order to establish whether the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) may constitute a new marker of evolution towards AIDS in symptomless HIV infected subjects, we used PCR with three primer pairs (in the gag, pol and LTR regions) in 223 seropositive individuals at different stages of HIV infection. Among 176 symptomless seropositive individuals, 174 (98.8%) were positive with at least one primer pair. The subjects negative with at least one primer pair had a CD4 lymphocyte count significantly higher (p less than 0.01), and serum immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin concentrations significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than the individuals positive with the three primer pairs. Among 73 seropositive individuals followed over a two year period, 59 presented the same PCR pattern over this time period, while PCR showed different results in 14. Forty-seven AIDS patients were positive with the three primer pairs. The number of PCR negative with at least one primer pair was significantly fewer (p less than 0.001) in symptomatic individuals than in symptomless individuals. We conclude that the percentage of positive PCR results in HIV infected individuals is linked to the clinical stage of infection and to the disease progression.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in various stages of HIV infection. Relationship to disease progression. 195 61

We designed a universal primer (UNIPOL) for DNA amplification of AIDS-related viruses. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the presumed sequences amplified with UNIPOL was representative of the tree calculated from whole pol gene sequences so far reported. UNIPOL was able to amplify the sequences of all four major groups of primate lentiviruses and also that of a distinct virus from a Ghanaian patient with an AIDS-related complex, designated GH-2. This strain scarcely hybridizes with known HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA probes. Sequence analysis of the only amplified fragment revealed rapidly that GH-2 was quite similar to the recently reported HIV-2ALT(D205) and that these two viruses form a new subgroup distint from known HIV-2 and SIVmac/SIVsm in the large HIV-2 group. This system will be useful for further phylogenetic study of various primate lentiviruses.
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PMID:Establishment of a phylogenetic survey system for AIDS-related lentiviruses and demonstration of a new HIV-2 subgroup. 196 25

We analyzed sera collected during 1987 and 1988 from 385 healthy business employees of both sexes, of Ogun state in Nigeria, for antibodies to the 3 human retroviruses HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-I. No serum was HIV-1 positive, 1 was HIV-2 positive and 2 were HTLV-I positive. A few sera were false-positive in the antibody screening tests which preceded the confirmatory antibody tests. In the confirmatory tests, we found that in the HIV-1 Western blot test 1 serum reacted only with the HIV-1 gag protein p17, and 2 sera reacted only with the HIV-1 pol proteins p64, p53 and p31. None of these reactivities fulfill internationally accepted criteria for HIV-1 seropositivity. We conclude that HIV-1 was rare in the study population and that HIV-2 and HTLV-I are present at a low frequency. The false positive serological reactions observed are similar to those described previously from Africa and elsewhere. The findings emphasize the importance of routinely testing blood donations for antibodies to these retroviruses in Nigeria.
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PMID:Seroepidemiology of human retroviruses in Ogun State of Nigeria. 197 90


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